Resilient Smart Cities: Theoretical and Empirical Insights (The Urban Book Series)

"This book provides a thorough guide to building resilient cities, through the use of smart solutions enabled by information and communication technologies. It introduces innovative approaches for integrating smart solutions into urban resilience planning and offers numerous global case studies to illustrate the benefits of the theories discussed. Against a background of increased natural disasters, pandemics, and climate change, this book answers research questions such as: Do smart city projects contribute to urban climate resilience? What are the indicators of smart city resilience? What procedures should be taken to improve efficacy of smart city solutions? What are the opportunities and challenges for promoting smart city resilience and for integrating resilience thinking into smart city planning? Including contributions from international experts, explanatory illustrations, and data-driven tables, this book is of interest to researchers, policymakers, and graduate students focused on developing more sustainable, smart, and resilient cities."-- Provided by publisher Foreword by Gino Van Begin Foreword by Frank Cownie Preface Contents Contributors Part I Theoretical Insights 1 Cities in the Context of Global Change: Challenges and the Need for Smart and Resilient Cities 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Methods 1.3 Major Challenges Facing Cities 1.4 Potential Contributions of Smart Solutions and Technologies 1.5 Final Remarks References 2 Recent Advances in Smart Cities and Urban Resilience and the Need for Resilient Smart Cities 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Urban Resilience 2.2.1 A Brief History of Resilience 2.2.2 Emergence and Characteristics of Urban Resilience 2.2.3 Recent Developments 2.3 Smart Cities 2.3.1 A Brief History of Smart Cities 2.3.2 Dimensions of Smart Cities 2.3.3 Recent Developments in Smart City Research 2.3.4 Challenges Ahead of Smart Cities 2.4 The Need for Developing Smart and Resilient Cities 2.4.1 Limitations of Isolated Approaches 2.4.2 Convergence of Smart and Resilient Cities 2.5 Conclusion References 3 Smart Cities: Concepts and Underlying Principles 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Background and Historical Overview 3.2.1 Information Cities 3.2.2 Digital Cities 3.2.3 Intelligent Cities 3.2.4 Smart Cities 3.3 Smart Cities Concepts and Definitions 3.4 Dimensions and Principles of Smart Cities 3.4.1 Smart Economy 3.4.2 Smart Governance 3.4.3 Smart Environment 3.4.4 Smart People 3.4.5 Smart Living 3.4.6 Smart Mobility 3.4.7 Smart Data 3.5 Conclusions References 4 Resilient Cities: Concepts and Underlying Principles 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Background and Historical Overview 4.2.1 Major Approaches to Resilience 4.2.2 Emergence and Spread of Urban Resilience 4.2.3 Advances in Urban Resilience 4.3 Urban Resilience Concepts and Definitions 4.4 Dimensions and Characteristics of Urban Resilience 4.4.1 Dimensions of Urban Resilience 4.4.2 Characteristics of Urban Resilience 4.5 Conclusions References 5 Resilient-Smart Cities: Theoretical Insights 5.1 Introduction 5.1.1 Concept and Development of Smart City 5.1.2 Concept and Development of Resilient City 5.2 The Need for Resilient-Smart Cities 5.3 Smart Cities for Urban Resilience 5.3.1 Assessment Indicator System for Smart City and Resilient City 5.3.2 Health and Well-Being 5.3.3 Economy and Society 5.3.4 Urban Systems and Services 5.3.5 Leadership and Strategy 5.4 Challenges and Suggestions for Integrating Smart City and Resilience 5.5 Conclusions References 6 Smart Cities and Urban Resilience: Insights from a Delphi Survey 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Methods 6.2.1 Delphi Method and AHP Survey 6.2.2 Questionnaire Survey Procedures 6.3 Results and Discussion 6.3.1 Part 1: Meanings of Urban Resilience, Smart City, and Smart City Resilience 6.3.2 Part 2: Establishing Toolkits for Assessing Smart City Resilience 6.3.3 Part 3: Experts’ Opinions Regarding Assessment Toolkits 6.4 Conclusion References Part II Empirical Insights from Case Studies 7 Resilient Smart Cities: Contributions to Pandemic Control and Other Co-benefits 7.1 Introduction 7.1.1 COVID-19 Pandemic and Its Global Impacts 7.1.2 Impacts of the Pandemic on Cities 7.1.3 Urban Planning and Management Gaps and Difficulties 7.2 Theoretical Concepts 7.2.1 Resilience 7.2.2 Common Smart City Solutions 7.2.3 Framework for Enhancing Urban Resilience Through Smart Solutions 7.3 Contributions of Smart Cities to Resilience 7.3.1 Contributions to Planning and Preparation 7.3.2 Contributions to Absorption 7.3.3 Contributions to Recovery 7.3.4 Contributions to Adaptation 7.4 Discussions 7.5 Conclusions References 8 Contributions of Smart City Projects to Resilience: Lessons Learned from Case Studies 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Methodology 8.3 Results 8.3.1 Overall Focus 8.3.2 Sector-wise Focus 8.3.3 Smart City Dimensions 8.3.4 SCPs Challenges 8.3.5 Dominant Smart City Solutions and Technologies 8.3.6 Resiliency Characteristics 8.3.7 Project Ownership and Governance 8.4 Conclusions References 9 Do Smart Cities Projects Contribute to Urban Resilience? A Case Study Based in Taipei City, Taiwan 9.1 Introduction 9.1.1 Urban Resilience 9.1.2 Smart City 9.2 Research Area: Taipei City 9.3 Research Method and Procedure 9.4 Results and Discussion 9.4.1 Stage 1: Screening Results 9.4.2 Stage 2: Evaluation 9.5 Conclusion References 10 Envisioning Sustainable and Resilient Petaling Jaya Through Low-Carbon and Smart City Framework 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Sustainable Development and Climate Change Agenda: The Malaysian Perspective 10.2.1 Green Technology Applications for the Development of Low Carbon Cities (GTALCC) Project 10.2.2 Malaysia’s Smart City, Green City, and Resilient Framework 10.2.3 Malaysian Smart City Framework at State Level 10.3 Smart, Sustainable, Resilience Petaling Jaya Blueprint 2030 10.4 Research Significance on Sustainable, Smart, and Resilient City 10.5 Concluding Remarks References 11 Digital Solutions for Resilient Cities: A Critical Assessment of Resilience in Smart City Initiatives in Melbourne, Victoria 11.1 Introduction 11.1.1 Climate Change Ada Activities in Australia 11.1.2 Smart City Movements in Australia 11.2 Materials and Methods for Case Study Analysis 11.2.1 The Resilient Melbourne Strategy 11.2.2 Melbourne as a Smart City 11.2.3 Assessing the Potential and Actual Contributions of Smart City Initiatives to Resilience 11.3 Results and Discussions 11.3.1 Leadership and Strategy 11.3.2 Health and Well-Being 11.3.3 Economy and Society 11.3.4 Infrastructure and Environment 11.4 Summary and Conclusion References 12 Climate (Un)smart? Case Study of Smart City Projects in Surat, India 12.1 Introduction 12.2 Background 12.2.1 Climate Resilience 12.3 Methodology 12.3.1 Data Collection 12.3.2 Literature Review 12.3.3 Thematic Mapping and Coding 12.3.4 Stakeholder Interview 12.3.5 Establishment of the Weightage (AHP) 12.4 Case Study 12.4.1 Climate Risk 12.4.2 Funding for Climate Adaptation and Mitigation 12.4.3 Resilience Strategies Adopted for Mitigation and Adaptation 12.5 Results 12.5.1 Mapping and Identification of Resilience Strength 12.5.2 Co-Benefits 12.5.3 Trends and Gaps 12.5.4 Resilience Performance Analysis 12.6 Conclusion Appendix References 13 The Contributions of Smart City Initiatives to Urban Resilience: The Case of San Francisco, California, United States 13.1 Introduction 13.1.1 Local Climate Actions in the U.S. and California 13.2 Study Area: San Francisco Bay Area, California 13.2.1 Location and Demographics 13.2.2 Climate Resilience Plans and Smart Technologies in San Francisco 13.2.3 Smart City Movements Within the US and San Francisco 13.3 Methods 13.3.1 Selecting a Smart City in the US 13.3.2 Smart Technology Initiatives in the San Francisco Bay Area 13.4 Results 13.4.1 Project 1: Gridscape Microgrids 13.4.2 Project 2: Iteris and CAV 13.4.3 Project 3: ShakeAlert 13.4.4 Project 4: StiR 13.4.5 Project 5: PurpleAir 13.5 Discussion and Conclusion References 14 Data-Sharing Approaches for Achieving Resilient Smart Cities: A Case of Smart City R&D Project in Daegu, South Korea 14.1 Introduction 14.1.1 Korea's Climate Change-Related Initiatives and Trends in Development 14.1.2 Current Status of Smart City Initiatives in Korea 14.2 Materials and Methods 14.3 Description of the Selected Case 14.3.1 Region Selection: Daegu 14.3.2 Case Selection: Development of Safety Technology that Protects Urban Residents from Natural Disasters and Urgent Rescue Technology to Ensure Social Safety through the Sharing of Data 14.4 Results 14.4.1 Low-carbon 14.4.2 Robustness 14.4.3 Diversity 14.4.4 Redundancy 14.4.5 Connectivity 14.4.6 Flexibility 14.4.7 Resourcefulness 14.4.8 Agility 14.4.9 Efficiency 14.4.10 Adaptive/learning capacity 14.4.11 Modularity 14.4.12 Creativity 14.4.13 Equity 14.4.14 Inclusivity 14.4.15 Foresight Capacity 14.5 Discussion and Conclusions Appendix References 15 Urban Resilience in the Fourth Industrial Revolution: Transformative Digitalization in European Smart Cities to Address Climate Change 15.1 Introduction 15.2 Climate Change (CC) in Europe 15.2.1 Brief Intro on CC 15.2.2 Impact of CC on European Cities 15.2.3 Nexus Between CC and Urban Resilience 15.3 Climate Change Adaptation Initiatives in Europe 15.3.1 An Overview of the Adaptation Strategies in Europe 15.3.2 Limitations of Existing Adaptation Initiatives 15.4 Transformative Adaptation 15.5 Digitalization as a Transformative Adaptation Tool 15.6 Challenges to Digitalization for Transformative Adaptation in Europe 15.7 Conclusion References 16 Wielding a Concept with Two Edges: How to Make Use of the Smart Cities Concept and Understanding Its Risks from the Resilient Cities Perspective 16.1 Introduction 16.2 The Concepts of Smart Cities, Resilient Cities, and Critical Views on Both 16.2.1 The Smart Cities Concept 16.2.2 The Resilient Cities Concept 16.2.3 Critical Views on Smart Cities and Resilient Cities 16.3 The Thesis: Smart Cities Support Resilient Cities 16.3.1 The Positive Narrative of Smart Technology Applications for Resilient Cities 16.3.2 Case Examples to Support the Thesis 16.4 The Antithesis: Smart Cities Harm Resilient Cities 16.4.1 The Critical Narrative of New Urban Hazards as a Result of Digitalization 16.4.2 Case Examples Supporting the Anthesis 16.5 Toward a Synthesis: Discussion and Conclusions References 17 Resilient Smart Cities in South America: City Diplomacy for Sustainable Urban Development 17.1 Introduction to City Diplomacy for Resilient Development in South America: International Society and City Diplomacy for Resilient Development 17.2 Smart Cities and Resilience in South America 17.3 Climate Change Adaptation and Resilient Development in South America 17.4 The Case of the Metropolitan Region of Campinas (São Paulo, Brazil) 17.5 Discussion 17.6 Conclusions and Recommendations References 18 The Role of Smart Cities in Building the Resilience of Vulnerable Communities: Three Case Studies from Europe, Asia, and Africa 18.1 Acronyms 18.2 Introduction 18.3 Positioning of Vulnerable Communities in Urban Resilience 18.4 Smart City as Part of the Solution for Boosting the Resilience of Vulnerable Communities! 18.5 Smart London: A Data-Driven Strategy Toward Building the Resilience of Vulnerable Communities 18.6 Smart Bengaluru: A Safe and Secure City for Women 18.7 Smart Kampala: Building Urban Resilience Through Inclusive Digital Financial Services 18.8 Discussion 18.9 Conclusion References 19 Advancing Community Resilience Through Smart Approaches: A Resource for Canadian Communities 19.1 Introduction 19.2 The State of Climate Resilience in Canada 19.3 Making the Connection: Climate Resilience and Open Smart Approaches 19.4 Theoretical Foundation 19.4.1 Resilience 19.4.2 Smart Cities 19.4.3 Open Smart Cities 19.4.4 Vulnerability 19.4.5 Disseminating Smart Solutions into Mainstream Practice 19.5 Methodology 19.6 Case Study: The City of Surrey, BC 19.7 Discussion 19.7.1 Key Considerations for Local Governments 19.8 Conclusion References 20 Toward Integrating Resilience Thinking in Smart City Planning and Development 20.1 The Importance of Smart and Resilient Cities 20.2 Defining Resilient Cities and Smart Cities 20.3 Synergies Created by the Resilient Smart City 20.4 Key Considerations for Decision-Makers References Index