Resilience Engineering Perspectives, Volume 1 : Remaining Sensitive to the Possibility of Failure

In the resilience engineering approach to safety, failures and successes are seen as two different outcomes of the same underlying process, namely how people and organizations cope with complex, underspecified and therefore partly unpredictable work environments. Therefore safety can no longer be ensured by constraining performance and eliminating risks. Instead, it is necessary to actively manage how people and organizations adjust what they do to meet the current conditions of the workplace, by trading off efficiency and thoroughness and by making sacrificing decisions. The Ashgate Studies in Resilience Engineering series promulgates new methods, principles and experiences that can complement established safety management approaches, providing invaluable insights and guidance for practitioners and researchers alike in all safety-critical domains. While the Studies pertain to all complex systems they are of particular interest to high hazard sectors such as aviation, ground transportation, the military, energy production and distribution, and healthcare. Published periodically within this series will be edited volumes titled Resilience Engineering Perspectives. The first volume, Remaining Sensitive to the Possibility of Failure, presents a collection of 20 chapters from international experts. This collection deals with important issues such as measurements and models, the use of procedures to ensure safety, the relation between resilience and robustness, safety management, and the use of risk analysis. The final six chapters utilise the report from a serious medical accident to illustrate more concretely how resilience engineering can make a difference, both to the understanding of how accidents happen and to what an organisation can do to become more resilient. Content: Contents: Preface Prologue: resilience engineering concepts, David D. Woods and Erik Hollnagel. Emergence: Resilience: the challenge of the unstable, Erik Hollnagel Systems are ever-changing, Yushi Fujita Essential characteristics of resilience, David D. Woods Defining resilience, Andrew Hale and Tom Heijer Nature of changes in systems, Yushi Fujita Complexity, emergence, resilience, Jean Paries A typology of resilience situations, Ron Westrum Resilient systems, Yushi Fujita Incidents - markers of resilience or brittleness?, David D. Woods and Richard I. Cook Resilience engineering: chronicling the emergence of confused consensus, Sidney Dekker. Cases and Processes: Engineering resilience into safety-critical systems, Nancy Leveson, Nicolas Dulac, David Zipkin, Joel Cutcher-Gershenfeld, John Carroll and Betty Barrett Is resilience really necessary? the case of railways, Andrew Hale and Tom Heijer Systems are never perfect, Yushi Fujita Structure for management of weak and diffuse signals, Lars Axelsson Organisational resilience and industrial risk, Nick McDonald An evil chain mechanism leading to failures, Yushi Fujita Safety management in airlines, Arthur Dijkstra Taking things in one's stride: cognitive features of two resilient performances, Richard I. Cook and Christopher Nemeth Erosion of managerial resilience: from Vasa to NASA, Rhona Flin Learning how to create resilience in business systems, Gunilla SundstrA m and Erik Hollnagel Optimum system safety and optimum system resilience: agonistic or antagonistic concepts?, Rene Amalberti. Challenges for a Practice of Resilience Engineering: Properties of resilient organisations: an initial view, John Wreathall Remedies, Yushi Fujita Auditing resilience in risk control and safety management systems, Andrew Hale, Frank Guldenmund and Louis Goossens How to design a safety organization: test case for resilience engineering, David D. Woods Rules and procedures, Yushi Fujita Distancing throu For Resilience Engineering, 'failure' is the result of the adaptations necessary to cope with the complexity of the real world, rather than a breakdown or malfunction. The performance of individuals and organizations must continually adjust to current conditions and, because resources and time are finite, such adjustments are always approximate. This definitive new book explores this groundbreaking new development in safety and risk management, where 'success' is based on the ability of organizations, groups and individuals to anticipate the changing shape of risk before failures and harm occur. Featuring contributions from many of the worlds leading figures in the fields of human factors and safety, Resilience Engineering provides thought-provoking insights into system safety as an aggregate of its various components, subsystems, software, organizations, human behaviours, and the way in which they interact. The book provides an introduction to Resilience Engineering of systems, covering both the theoretical and practical aspects. It is written for those responsible for system safety on managerial or operational levels alike, including safety managers and engineers (line and maintenance), security experts, risk and safety consultants, human factors professionals and accident investigators. Annotation "The aim of this book is to provide an introduction to resilience engineering of systems, covering both the theoretical and practical aspects. It is written for people who, as part of their work, are responsible for system safety on managerial or operational levels alike. Resilience Engineering will be directly relevant to professionals such as safety managers and engineers (line and maintenance), security experts, risk and safety consultants, human factors professionals and accident investigators."--BOOK JACKET. Title Summary field provided by Blackwell North America, Inc. All Rights Reserved 9. WORK PRACTICES AND PRESCRIPTIONS: A KEY ISSUE FOR ORGANISATIONAL RESILIENCE -- Introduction -- About Work Practices -- About Prescription -- The Confrontation between Practice and Prescription -- Conclusion -- 10. CREW RESILIENCE AND SIMULATOR TRAINING IN AVIATION -- Introduction -- Fundamental Surprises -- Resilience and the Limits of Expertise -- Simulation Fidelity and Development of Resilience -- Conclusion -- 11. UNDERLYING CONCEPTS IN ROBUSTNESS AND RESILIENCE AND THEIR USE IN DESIGNING SOCIO-TECHNICAL SYSTEMS -- Introduction -- Robustness, Resilience and Regulation in Complex Systems For Resilience Engineering, ""failure"" is the result of the adaptations necessary to cope with the complexity of the real world, rather than a malfunction. Human performance must continually adjust to current conditions and, because resources and time are finite, such adjustments are always approximate. Featuring contributions from leading international figures in human factors and safety, Resilience Engineering provides thought-provoking insights into system safety as an aggregate of its various components - subsystems, software, organizations, human behaviours - and the way in which they in Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- PREFACE -- 1. RESILIENCE AND RESTLESSNESS -- 2. RESILIENCE ENGINEERING: THE BIRTH OF A NOTION -- Understand the Nature of Systems and Environments -- Differentiate between Traditional and Evolving System Models -- Explore the Breadth and Degree of Resilience in Various Settings -- Develop Ways to Capture and Convey Insights into Resilience -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgement -- 3. THE NEED FOR ""TRANSLATORS"" AND FOR NEW MODELS OF SAFETY -- Introduction -- Current System Configuration: The Lack of "Translators Theorising Models Versus Practical (Prescriptive) Models -- Modelling of Organisational Safety -- Brief Conclusion -- 4. MEASURES OF RESILIENT PERFORMANCE -- Introduction -- Defining and Measuring Resilience -- Identifying and Measuring Factors Affecting Resilience in Extreme Events -- Resilient Performance in Practice -- Results -- Discussion -- Concluding Comments -- 5. UNEXAMPLED EVENTS, RESILIENCE, AND PRA -- Introduction -- Unexampled Events -- Resilience -- Probabilistic Risk Assessment -- 6. SAFETY MANAGEMENT - LOOKING BACK OR LOOKING FORWARD -- Introduction Robustness and Coupling in Complex Systems -- From classical to robust engineering -- Conclusion -- 12. STRESS-STRAIN PLOTS AS A BASIS FOR ASSESSING SYSTEM RESILIENCE -- Introduction -- Stress-strain States Space and Adaptive Capacity -- Resilience as Skill at Recognizing and Managing Transitions -- Limits and Extensions to the Stress-Strain Analogy -- 13. DESIGNING RESILIENT CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE SYSTEMS USING RISK AND VULNERABILITY ANALYSIS -- Introduction -- Different Design Approaches -- The Design Problem -- Improving the Design Process Safety Management as Feedback Control -- Feedback and Feedforward -- Safety Management as Feedforward Control -- Conclusions -- 7. WHEN RESILIENCE DOES NOT WORK -- Introduction -- Case Studies Where Resilience Was Missing -- Discussion -- Conclusion -- 8. RULES MANAGEMENT AS SOURCE FOR LOOSE COUPLING IN HIGH-RISK SYSTEMS -- Introduction -- Approaches to Handling Uncertainty -- Organizational Routines versus Organizational Flexibility -- Types of Rules and their Effects in Organizations -- Steps towards Resilient Rules Management

the Aim Of This Book Is To Provide An Introduction To Resilience Engineering Of Systems, Covering Both The Theoretical And Practical Aspects. It Is Written For People Who, As Part Of Their Work, Are Responsible For System Safety On Managerial Or Operational Levels Alike. Resilience Engineering Will Be Directly Relevant To Professionals Such As Safety Managers And Engineers (line And Maintenance), Security Experts, Risk And Safety Consultants, Human Factors Professionals And Accident Investigators.

Annotation This definitive new book explores this groundbreaking new development in safety and risk management, where "success" is based on the ability of organizations, groups and individuals to anticipate the changing shape of risk before failures and harm occur. Resilience Engineering provides provocative insights into system safety as an aggregate of its various components, subsystems, software, organizations, human behaviors, and the way in which they interact Offering an introduction to Resilience Engineering of systems, this book provides insights into system safety as an aggregate of its various components, subsystems, software, organizations, human behaviours, and the way in which they interact. It is intended for safety managers and engineers, security experts, and others 14. TOWARDS A RESILIENT APPROACH OF SAFETY ASSESSMENT: EXPERIENCES BASED ON THE DESIGN OF THE FUTURE AIR TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT SYSTEM