Residual Stress and Stress Relaxation (Sagamore Army Materials Research Conference Proceedings, 28)

The Army Materials and Mechanics Research Center in coop­ eration with the Materials Science Group of the Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science of Syracuse University has been conducting the Annual Sagamore Army Materials Research Conference since 1954. The specific purpose of these conferences has been to bring together scientists and engineers from academic institutions, industry and government who are uniquely qualified to explore in depth a subject of importance to the Department of Defense, the Army and the scientific community. These proceedings, entitled RESIDUAL STRESS AND STRESS RELAXATION, address the nature of residual stresses and their measurements, the sources of residual stress, stress relaxation, sub-critical crack growth in the presence of residual stress, residual stresses and properties, and research in progress. We wish to acknowledge the assistance of Mr. Dan McNaught of the Army Materials and Mechanics Research Center and Mr. Robert J. Sell and Helen Brown DeMascio of Syracuse University throughout the stages of the conference planning and finally the publication of the book. The continued active interest and support of these conferences by Dr. E. Wright, Director of the Army Materials and Mechanics Research Center, is appreciated. Front Matter....Pages i-xi The Nature of Residual Stress and its Measurement....Pages 1-17 Thermal and Transformation Stresses....Pages 19-38 Load Induced Residual Stress Changes in Carburized Steel — Computations and Experiments....Pages 39-47 Residual Stresses and Distortion in Weldments: A Review of the Present State-of-the-Art....Pages 49-59 Thermal Modifications of Welding Residual Stresses....Pages 61-70 Shot Peening and Residual Stresses....Pages 71-92 Measurement of Throughwall Residual Stresses in Large-Diameter Piping Butt Weldments Using Strain-Gauge Techniques....Pages 93-115 X-Ray Methods for Measuring Residual Stress....Pages 117-138 Measurements of Stress in the Interior of Solids with Neutrons....Pages 139-155 Mechanical Relaxation Response of 2 1/4 Cr-1 Mo Steel....Pages 157-179 Effect of Temperature on Stress Relaxation of Several Metallic Materials....Pages 181-203 Thermal Relaxation in Autofrettaged Cylinders....Pages 205-226 The Numerical Simulation of Crack Growth in Weld-Incuced Residual Stress Fields....Pages 227-248 Linear Elastic Fracture Mechanics and Fatigue Crack Growth — Residual Stress Effects....Pages 249-271 Stress Corrosion Crack Growth in the Presence of Residual Stresses....Pages 273-295 The Relaxation of Residual Stresses During Fatigue....Pages 297-314 The Generation of Residual Stresses in Metal-Forming Processes....Pages 315-329 Stress Relaxation in Spring Materials....Pages 331-339 Problems with Residual Stress in the Railroad Industry....Pages 341-353 Measurement of Residual Stresses in Ammunition....Pages 355-368 X-Ray Residual Stress Measurement Systems for Army Material Problems....Pages 369-388 Residual Stresses and Stress Relieving in Uranium Alloys....Pages 389-407 Residual Stresses in Resin Matrix Composites....Pages 409-424 Residual Stress Measurement in Metal Matrix Composites....Pages 425-438 Residual Stress Development in Ceramics....Pages 439-465 Determination of Residual Stress Distributions in the Interior of Technical Parts by Means of Neutron Diffraction....Pages 467-482 Calculation of Quenching Stresses with and without Transformation Effects....Pages 483-499 X-Ray Measurements of Long-Range Strains: A Bridge Between Micromechanics and Macromechanics....Pages 501-519 Stress Relaxation Characteristics and Data Utilization....Pages 519-530 Back Matter....Pages 531-535