Reshaping Urban Conservation: The Historic Urban Landscape Approach in Action (Creativity, Heritage and the City (2))

Dedication Preface Acknowledgements Contents The Historic Urban Landscape Approach in Action: Charting the 28 Case Studies About the Editors Acronyms Part I: Overview Chapter 1: Reshaping Urban Conservation 1.1 Culture and the New Urban Conservation Paradigm 1.2 The Historic Urban Landscape: A Bottom-Up Approach to Urban Conservation 1.3 The Reasons for a New Urban Conservation Approach 1.4 Historic Urban Landscape: From Material to Social Expression 1.5 Urban Conservation and Sustainable Development 1.6 The Historic Urban Landscape Approach and the New Urban Agenda 1.7 The Historic Urban Landscape Approach and the International Policy Framework References Chapter 2: The Historic Urban Landscape Approach in Action: Eight Years Later 2.1 From Reality to Theory 2.2 From Theory to Supranational Governance 2.3 From Supranational Governance to Practices 2.4 From Practices to Theory 2.4.1 The Six-Step HUL Approach 2.4.2 The Tools 2.4.2.1 HUL Tools 2.4.3 The Stakeholders 2.4.3.1 Types of Stakeholders 2.5 From Theory to Reality References Part II: Case Studies on the Historic Urban Landscape Approach Chapter 3: Rebuilding and Reconciliation in Old Aleppo: The Historic Urban Landscape Perspectives 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Aleppo World Heritage Site: A Brief History 3.3 World Heritage Designation Values 3.4 Destruction of Aleppo 3.5 Heritage Policy Documents 3.6 Old Aleppo as a Historic Urban Landscape Site 3.6.1 Old Aleppo and the Values of Heritage 3.6.1.1 Outstanding Universal Value 3.6.1.2 Authenticity and Integrity Values 3.6.1.3 Cultural and Social Values 3.6.1.4 Intangible Heritage and Values 3.6.1.5 Historic and Identity Values 3.6.1.6 Economic Values 3.7 Applying the Recommendation on Historic Urban Landscape: Post-conflict Reconciliation 3.7.1 Zone X1 3.7.2 Zone X2 3.7.3 Zone X3 3.8 Conclusions References Chapter 4: Amaravathi Heritage Town – Reflections on the Historic Cultural Landscape Approach 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Conceptual Framework 4.3 Amaravathi Heritage Town 4.4 Conclusion References Chapter 5: Toward a Special Management and Protection Plan of Urban Heritage in Ambalema, Colombia 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Special Management and Protection Plan (PEMP): Beyond Managing “Historic City Centers” 5.3 Ambalema’s Landscape: Between the River and the Snow Peaks 5.4 Identifying Heritage Values: A Holistic and Participative Within the HUL Framework 5.4.1 Citizen Engagement Strategy 5.4.2 Team Composition and Assessing Ambalema’s Heritage Values and Resources 5.4.3 Processing and Analyzing Information 5.5 Assessing the Vulnerability Status of Urban Heritage Values 5.5.1 Problem Tree Analysis for Ambalema 5.5.2 Identifying the Central Problem 5.6 Developing Policies and Actions 5.7 Conclusion References Chapter 6: Integrating Policy: The Historic Urban Landscape Approach in Amsterdam 6.1 Introduction: HUL as a Landscape Approach 6.2 Analysing Policy Practices: An Approach 6.3 HUL: Process in Practice, Practice in Process 6.4 The Heritage Concept in Practice 6.5 Participation in Heritage 6.6 HUL and the Integration of Urban and Heritage Policies 6.7 Reflecting On, and Learning With References Chapter 7: The Transformational Power of the HUL Approach: Lessons from Ballarat, Australia, 2012–2017 7.1 Introduction 7.1.1 Heritage Practice in Australia 7.1.2 Heritage Practice in Ballarat 7.2 Transforming Practice in Ballarat 7.2.1 Starting to Work with HUL 7.2.2 Actioning the HUL 7.2.2.1 Step 1: A New World of Knowledge 7.2.2.2 Step 2: Inclusion, Collaboration and Participation 7.2.2.3 Step 3: Sustainability and Vulnerability 7.2.2.4 Step 4: The Virtuous Cycle – Framework for City Development 7.2.2.5 Step 5: Setting Priorities 7.2.2.6 Step 6: Working with Partners, Building Capacity 7.3 Reflections on Building a New Practice Model References Chapter 8: Managing Urban Heterogeneity: A Budapest Case Study of Historical Urban Landscape 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Józsefváros, the Eighth District of Budapest 8.3 Applying the HUL Approach 8.4 Contemporary Urban and Architectural Interventions 8.4.1 Palace Quarter 8.4.2 The Magdolna Quarter 8.5 Conclusion References Chapter 9: Bukhara: A Living Central Asian Silk Roads City. Application of the Historic Urban Landscape Approach 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Bukhara as World Heritage 9.2.1 Current Issues and Challenges 9.3 The Historic Urban Landscape Process 9.3.1 HUL Applied in Bukhara 9.3.2 Development Defined 9.4 Economic Assessment 9.5 Conservation Approach 9.6 Conclusion References Chapter 10: City as Evolving Process: Case for the Historic Urban Landscape Approach for Canberra 10.1 Introduction 10.2 The Canberra Context 10.3 Governance 10.4 Why Canberra Needs and Deserves the HUL Approach 10.4.1 Manuka Oval, Griffith (Fig. 10.4 site A) 10.4.2 City to the Lake (Fig. 10.4 site B) 10.4.3 Northbourne Avenue Corridor (Fig. 10.4 site C) 10.5 National Heritage Listing 10.6 The HUL Approach 10.7 Conclusion References Chapter 11: The HUL Approach to Create Heritage Management Tools in the Latin American City of Cuenca-Ecuador 11.1 Introduction 11.2 The HUL Approach in Practice 11.3 Learning and Reflections 11.4 Project Impact: Social, Governmental and Research Impact 11.5 Current State and Future Directions References Chapter 12: The Historic Urban Landscape Approach in Edinburgh’s Old and New Towns: Implementation of Projects on the Ground in a Living Capital City 12.1 Introduction 12.2 The Evolution of the Approach in Edinburgh 12.3 Edinburgh World Heritage’s Approach 12.4 The Conservation Funding Programme 12.5 World Heritage Projects Programme 12.6 Learning Programmes 12.7 Energy Efficiency 12.8 Future Directions 12.9 Further Strengths and Weaknesses References Chapter 13: Havana: From the Walled City to a Historic Urban Landscape 13.1 The City and Its History 13.2 The Beginning of the Project, 1981–1993 13.3 The New Management Model 13.3.1 1994–1999: Heritage: A Cultural Asset Turned into an Economic Resource 13.3.2 2000–2004: Focusing on Social Affairs 13.3.3 2005–2009: Reflecting on the Practice 13.3.4 2010–2014: New Instruments and Stakeholders 13.4 The New Scene 13.4.1 A New Vision for the Heritage Site 13.4.2 New Territory, New Urban Approach 13.5 Conclusion References Chapter 14: The Implementation of the Historic Urban Landscape of the Island of Mozambique 14.1 Introduction 14.2 Geographical, Historical, and Urban Setting 14.2.1 Geographical Setting 14.2.2 Archaeological and Historical Background 14.2.3 Urban Expansion 14.3 Island of Mozambique: World Heritage 14.3.1 The UNESCO Listing 14.3.2 Measures Following the Listing 14.3.3 The 2007 Action Plan 14.4 Historic Urban Landscape Approach 14.4.1 Application of HUL to the Island of Mozambique 14.4.2 A New Heritage Management Plan 14.4.3 Learning from the Application of the HUL 14.4.3.1 Lesson 1 14.4.3.2 Lesson 2 14.4.3.3 Lesson 3 14.5 Partnerships on Conservation 14.5.1 Public-Private Partnership 14.5.2 Coordination Between Local Stakeholders and UNESCO 14.5.3 Partnerships Between National and Foreign Institutions for Technical Assistance 14.5.4 The Role of the Private Sector 14.6 Concluding Remarks References Further Readings Chapter 15: Urban Heritage Conservation and Management in Jaipur 15.1 Introduction 15.2 Historic and Geographic Context 15.3 Planning of the City 15.4 Walled City as a Living Heritage 15.5 Protection and Management Initiatives 15.5.1 Urban Renewal for Walled City of Jaipur (2009–2014) 15.5.2 Revitalization of Heritage Walk 15.5.3 The Built Heritage Management Plan, Jaipur (2007) 15.5.4 Jaipur Master Plan 2025 15.5.5 Architectural Control Guidelines for the Walled City 15.5.6 Jantar Mantar Management Plan (2010) 15.5.7 Jaipur Smart City Plan 2016 15.6 Conclusion Bibliography Chapter 16: Roadmap for Implementation of the HUL Approach in Kuwait City 16.1 Introduction 16.2 Case Study Description 16.2.1 Layers of the City 16.2.2 Cultural Heritage 16.2.3 Management of Change 16.3 Challenges for the HUL Approach 16.3.1 Urban Planning 16.3.2 New Development 16.3.3 Unfamiliar Terminology 16.4 Opportunities for the HUL Approach 16.4.1 Compatible Contemporary Interventions 16.4.2 Theoretical Model and HUL Toolkit 16.4.3 Six-Step HUL Action Plan 16.5 Conclusion References Further Readings Chapter 17: Case Study: Lamu Old Town 17.1 Introduction 17.1.1 Background 17.1.2 Conservation of the Town 17.1.3 Current Urban Functions and Problems Encountered in Implementing the Urban Scheme 17.2 Identifying Development Challenges in Lamu and Previous Intervention Strategies 17.2.1 Recommendations of the Intergovernmental Working Party 17.2.2 Lamu Workshop: Conservation of Historic Towns and Monuments 17.2.3 Previous Intervention Strategies 17.3 Lamu and the Historic Urban Landscape Approach 17.3.1 Post Lamu HUL Workshop: Mapping Exercise 17.4 Implications of HUL Application and Integrating the Approach 17.4.1 Integrating HUL into Planning and Development Processes of the Lamu County Spacial Plan 17.4.2 Upgrading of Social Infrastructure 17.5 Conclusion References Chapter 18: Conservation and Exploitation: Governance and Sustainability Issues: The Case of Lijiang 18.1 Introduction 18.2 Preservation vs Exploitation and the Issue of Governance 18.3 Lijiang Case (Or Cases) 18.3.1 Conservation and Exploitation in Dayan 18.3.2 Outsourcing to a Private Developer: Conservation and Exploitation in Shuhe 18.4 Discussion 18.5 Concluding Remarks References Chapter 19: Managing the Global Heritage City of Mexico City: Adapting the HUL Approach to the Globalised Urban Context 19.1 Introduction: Global Heritage Cities 19.2 Mexico City in Context: Complexities, Framework and Governance 19.2.1 The Site 19.2.2 Planning and Legislative Frameworks 19.2.3 Governance and Decision-Making 19.3 Normative Tools for HUL Adaptation 19.3.1 The Integral Management Plan 19.3.2 The Partnership Models, Community Engagement and Consensus Building 19.4 Conclusion References Chapter 20: At the Confluence of Geography, Society and History: Montreal and the 2011 UNESCO Recommendation on Historic Urban Landscape 20.1 Introduction 20.2 The Case of Montreal 20.3 Some Pre-2011 HUL Occurrences in Montreal 20.4 1984: Protected Views or Cultural Landscape? 20.5 1992: The Plan d’urbanisme and the Form of the City 20.6 1995: Heritage and the Metropolitan Landscape 20.7 2006: Vienna Memorandum 20.8 Specific Mentions of the 2011 UNESCO Recommendations in Montreal 20.9 Mont Royal: La Montagne 20.10 Conclusion Note on the 2011 UNESCO Recommendation and the 2017 situation in Montreal Chapter 21: Urban Heritage Conservation in the Historic Site of Olinda, Brazil: 1968–2016 21.1 Introduction 21.2 The Occupation of the City and the Historic Site 21.3 The Conservation Planning and Management System 21.3.1 The Formation: 1968–1988 21.3.2 The Transition: 1989–1996 21.3.3 The Master Plans, Urban Development Projects, and the Incentive to Culture: 1997–2016 21.4 Conclusions References Chapter 22: Revitalizing Urban Parks to Uplift a Rust Belt City: HUL Applied to Pittsburgh, PA, USA 22.1 Introduction 22.1.1 HUL Urban Public Space Context 22.2 Pittsburgh and the Pittsburgh Parks Conservancy 22.3 PPC HUL Civic Engagement Application 22.4 PPC HUL Knowledge and Planning Application 22.5 PPC HUL Regulatory Systems Application 22.6 PPC HUL Financial Tools Application 22.7 PPC and Partners Applying HUL Tools Towards Urban Sustainability References Chapter 23: Perspectives for a Historic Urban Landscape Approach in Porto, Portugal 23.1 Introduction 23.2 The Case Study of Porto 23.2.1 Porto: A Metropolitan Area, a City and a WH Historic Centre 23.2.2 A Mosaic Management 23.3 Methodology 23.4 Perspectives on the Implementation of HUL Steps in Porto 23.4.1 Understanding the Context 23.4.1.1 Mapping Natural, Cultural and Human Resources 23.4.1.2 Reach Consensus on What to Protect: Values and Attributes 23.4.1.3 Assess Vulnerability to Change and Development 23.4.2 Integration in the Wider Urban Framework 23.4.3 Managing Action 23.5 Conclusion and Recommendations References Chapter 24: Rabat, Morocco: Sustaining the Historic Urban Landscape of Rabat: Strategies and Implementation 24.1 Introduction 24.2 A City–Landscape Evolution: Historical Background 24.2.1 Almohad Period: The Genesis of a Capital 24.2.2 Marinid Period: Fragmentation and the Rise of Salé 24.2.3 Saadian Dynasty: Bouregreg’s Republic and the Rise of Oudaya 24.2.4 Alaouite Dynasty: Unification and Harmonization of Landscape 24.3 Colonial Period: A Shift of Urban Heritage Paradigm 24.4 Contemporary Rabat: Current Sustainable Strategies 24.4.1 Territorial Level 24.4.2 Urban Level 24.4.3 Sustainability Implementation 24.5 Applying the 2011 UNESCO Recommendation on the Historic Urban Landscape 24.6 Conclusion Bibliography Further Reading Chapter 25: Heritage-Based Urban Development: The Example of Regensburg 25.1 Introduction 25.2 Survey and Mapping 25.3 Actions and Priorities 25.3.1 Field of Action: Tangible Cultural Heritage 25.3.2 Field of Action: Economic Development 25.3.3 Field of Action: Awareness Raising and Research 25.4 Civic Engagement Tools 25.4.1 Civic Participation Model of Regensburg 25.4.2 Expert Consultancy 25.4.3 Participation Practices 25.4.3.1 Site Management Plan and Citizen Participation 25.4.3.2 Civic Participation Practice in Field: Renovation of the Central Pedestrian Zone 25.4.3.3 Specific Issue: Vulnerability Assessment 25.5 Networking 25.6 Conclusion References Chapter 26: Enhancing Rural-Urban Linkages Through the Historic Urban Landscape Approach: The Case of Shuang Wan Cun in the Jiangsu Province 26.1 Introduction 26.2 Suzhou and Its Region: Historical Overview 26.2.1 Industrial Innovation and Urban Conservation 26.2.2 Suzhou Peri-urbanity: Diversity and Dynamics 26.2.3 Peri-urbanity: Challenges and Opportunities 26.3 Report from Shuang Wan Cun Case Study 26.4 Discussion and Conclusion References Chapter 27: Actual and Intangible in Tel Aviv: A Reexamination of Conservation Strategies in a Modern City 27.1 Introduction 27.2 White City: A Modern City 27.3 The Dialects of Tangible and Intangible 27.4 The White City Center at Liebling House 27.4.1 Research 27.4.2 Culture 27.4.3 Education 27.4.4 Site Management 27.5 Case Studies 27.6 Summary and Conclusion References Chapter 28: The Circular Economy as a Model to Implement the Historic Urban Landscape Approach: Which Integrated Evaluation Method? 28.1 Introduction 28.2 The Heritage Impact Assessment to Evaluate the Torre Annunziata Waterfront Requalification Project 28.2.1 The Case Study 28.2.2 Heritage Impact Assessment and the Participative Method 28.3 The Circular Economy as a Tool to Implement the HUL Approach 28.3.1 A Circular Project for the Requalification of Torre Annunziata Waterfront 28.4 Conclusion and Recommendation References Chapter 29: Operationalizing the HUL Recommendation in Urban River Corridors: Challenges and Perspectives 29.1 Introduction 29.2 River Corridors as Historic Urban Landscapes 29.3 Methodology 29.4 Study Area 29.5 A Double-Lens Approach to HUL Documentation 29.5.1 A Combined Morphological/Ecological Approach 29.5.2 Cultural Values Associated with Urban River Corridors 29.6 Urban Heritage Policies and Management 29.7 A SWOT Analysis for HUL Operationalization 29.8 Conclusion References Chapter 30: Zanzibar: The HUL Approach Explored 30.1 The Islands of Zanzibar: Background 30.2 World Heritage and the Evolving Historic Urban Landscape Recommendation 30.3 The New Zanzibar Planning Process and the HUL Approach 30.4 Applying the Recommendation on the Historic Urban Landscape: Integrative Development Strategies 30.5 Lessons from Zanzibar and the Way Forward References Case Study Boxes: Full Text 1. Applying the Recommendations on Historic Urban Landscape: Post-conflict Reconciliation in Old Aleppo 2. Understanding to What Extent the HUL Approach Is Present in Amsterdam’s Local Urban and Heritage Policies 3. Overarching Urban Planning Guidelines for the Historic Perimeter of Asmara 4. Historic Urban Landscape: Ballarat 5. Centro Cultural Kirchner (CCK) 6. Mapping the Historic Centre of Bukhara 7. HUL in Historic Cairo: A Potential Community Initiative 8. Reassessment of the Cultural and Natural Heritage of the City of Cuenca Based on Strategies for Sustainable Development Supported by the Recommendation on Historical Urban Landscape 9. Mapping Economic Landscape for the UNESCO World Heritage City Old Towns of Djenné 10. Sense of Place: Toward Integrated Conservation and Sustainable Urban 11. University of Pennsylvania Planning Praxis Course: How Do the HUL, Sustainable Development Goals, and New Urban Agenda Fit into a Local Planning Framework 12. Urban Rehabilitation of the Historic Centre of Havana, World Heritage Site 13. Living Human Treasures of Grand Bazaar: Istanbul Jewelry Making as an Intangible Urban Activity 14. Jaipur Built Heritage Management Plan and Urban Conservation Projects 15. The Revitalization of the Historic City of Jeddah 16. olomna: Cultural Memory as a Resource for Developing a Historic City 17. Possible Project: HUL+KMP4 18. Integrating HUL into the Conservation and Development Processes of the Lamu Old Town 19. Not a Formal Project on HUL: Simply Practices Associated with the Management of the UNESCO Site of Lijiang, China (Listed in 1997) 20. Urban Heritage of the Mediterranean: Interdisciplinary Methodologies for the Characterization of the Infrastructural Axis of the Andalusian Littoral and Its Synergies with HUL Recommendations 21. Mexico City Historic Center Recovery and Rehabilitation Programs 22. Mudurnu Cultural Heritage Site Management Plan: Phase I 23. Adopting HUL Toolkits in Muharraq: The Bahrain Authority for Culture and Archeology (BACA) 24. Preservation and Conservation of the Historic Site of Olinda 25. Porto Municipal Master Plan (PDM) 26. Historic Preservation Toolkit 27. Preparatory Assistance and Technical Support for the Inscription, Conservation and Management of the Île De Saint-Louis, Senegal 28. Scenarios for Sustainable Rural Development in Shuang Wan Cun, Wujiang District, Suzhou 29. Reconstruction of World Heritage Mausoleums of Timbuktu 30. Pompeii Great Project: The Buffer Zone Regeneration 31. Technical Cooperation for the Enhancement, Development, and Protection of the Town of Luang Prabang, Lao People’s Democratic Republic 32. Project Proposal: The Revitalization of the Abu Ali River Index This volume focuses on the implementation of the 2011 UNESCO Recommendation on the Historic Urban Landscape (HUL approach), designed to foster the integration of heritage management in regional and urban planning and management, and strengthen the role of heritage in sustainable urban development. Earlier publications and research looked at the underlying theory of why the HUL approach was needed and how this theory was developed and elaborated by UNESCO. A comprehensive analysis was carried out in consultation with a multitude of actors in the twenty-first-century urban scene and with disciplinary approaches that are available to heritage managers and practitioners to implement the HUL approach. This volume aims to be empirical, describing, analyzing, and comparing 28 cities taken as case studies to implement the HUL approach. From those cases, many lessons can be learned and much guidance shared on best practices concerning what can be done to make the HUL approach work. Whereas the previous studies served to illustrate issues and challenges, in this volume the studies point to innovations in regional and urban planning and management that can allow cities to avoid major conflicts and to further develop in competitiveness. These accomplishments have been possible by building partnerships, devising financial strategies, and using heritage as a key resource in sustainable urban development, to name but a few effective strategies. For these reasons, this volume is primarily pragmatic, linked to the daily work and challenges of practitioners and administrators, using specific cases to assess what was and is good about current practices and what can be improved, in accordance with the HUL approach and aims.