Research on the Concept and Practice of Poverty Reduction in China

From both theoretical and practical perspectives, this book systematically expounds the important theories, key measures and major achievements in the field of poverty alleviation in China, and sums up the important experience of poverty alleviation, it answers the significant question why China has been able to lift itself out of poverty and build a moderately prosperous society in an all round way. China has accumulated experience for achieving the two centenary goals, and contributed Chinese wisdom and Chinese solutions to the global cause of poverty reduction. Introduction Contents 1 China’s Achievements in Poverty Reduction and Their Global Significance 1 China’s Poverty Reduction Has Created a Miracle in Human Development 1.1 The Achievements of Poverty Alleviation and Development in the Past 40 Years of Reform and Opening Up Have Attracted Worldwide Attention 1.2 China Has Made Monumental Achievements in Poverty Alleviation 2 The International Community Highly Appraises China’s Achievements in Poverty Reduction 2.1 China’s Fight Against Poverty “Will Be a Great Contribution to the Cause of Human Poverty Reduction” 2.2 China’s “Success Stems from Its Institutional Advantages” 2.3 “China’s Experience in Poverty Reduction Brings Benefits to the World” 3 The Global Significance of China’s Achievements in Poverty Reduction 3.1 China’s Great Achievements in Poverty Reduction Strengthen Confidence in Global Poverty Reduction 3.2 China’s Poverty Alleviation System Responds to the Arduous and Complicated Issue of Poverty in Developing Countries 3.3 The Chinese Government Plays a Leading Role in Poverty Reduction and Sets a Model for the World in the General Weakening Trend of Poverty Reduction Driven by Economic Growth 3.4 China’s Working Mechanism of Targeted Poverty Alleviation Provides a Chinese Solution to a Series of Worldwide Problems in Poverty Governance 3.5 Xi Jinping’s Discourse on Poverty Alleviation Centering on Targeted Poverty Alleviation Has Greatly Enriched International Anti-poverty Theories 2 People-Centered Philosophy of Development 1 We Must Adhere to the People-Centered Philosophy of Development 1.1 What Is People-Centered Philosophy of Development 1.2 How to Adhere to the People-Centered Philosophy of Development 2 China’s Anti-poverty Embodies the People-Centered Philosophy of Development 2.1 Anti-poverty Is for People to Live a Happy Life 2.2 Anti-poverty Requires Us to Give Full Play to People’s Principal Role 2.3 How to Boost People’s Motivation and Confidence in Anti-poverty 3 Whether People Receive Benefits Is the Criterion for Testing the Effectiveness of Poverty Reduction 3.1 Whether the Poor Receive Real Benefits 3.2 Whether the Lives of Poor People Have Improved 3.3 Whether the Rights of the Poor Are Guaranteed References 3 Overall Design of the National Poverty Reduction Governance System 1 Changes in China’s Rural Poverty Reduction Situation in the New Era 1.1 Important Changes Have Taken Place in Poverty Reduction in Rural China 1.2 Previous Poverty Reduction Governance Models Fail to Adapt to the Needs of Poverty Reduction in the New Era 1.3 The Modernization of the National Poverty Reduction Governance System Is Supported by Rich Experience and Strong National Strength 2 Promoting the Modernization of the National Poverty Reduction Governance System 2.1 Taking the Important Statements of President Xi Jinping on Poverty Alleviation as the Fundamental Guideline 2.2 The Main Content of the Modernization of the National Poverty Reduction Governance System Since the 18th CPC National Congress 3 Structural Arrangements of the National Poverty Reduction Governance System 3.1 Responsibility System for Poverty Alleviation 3.2 Policy System for Poverty Alleviation 3.3 Investment System for Poverty Alleviation 3.4 Social Mobilization and Publicity System 3.5 Supervision System for Poverty Alleviation 3.6 Assessment System for Poverty Alleviation References 4 Targeted Poverty Alleviation Strategy 1 Meaning of Targeted Poverty Alleviation 1.1 The Poverty Governance Concept of Targeted Poverty Alleviation 1.2 Poverty Interventions of Targeted Poverty Alleviation 2 Content and Implementation System of Targeted Poverty Alleviation 2.1 Main Content of Targeted Poverty Alleviation 2.2 Implementation System of Targeted Poverty Alleviation 3 Path to Targeted Poverty Alleviation 3.1 Ways to Promote Targeted Poverty Alleviation 3.2 Ten Projects for Targeted Poverty Alleviation References 5 Building a Grand Pattern of Poverty Alleviation 1 Government Leadership: Government Departments Join Forces to Fight Poverty 1.1 Overall Planning and All-Round Consideration: The Up-to-Date Grand Pattern of Poverty Alleviation 1.2 Special Poverty Reduction Programs: Responding to Diverse Needs in Poverty Alleviation 1.3 Poverty Reduction by Industries: Establishing a Comprehensive Anti-poverty System 2 Market Participation: Carrying Out Bold Explorations to Promote Poverty Alleviation 2.1 Participation of Market Entities: Poverty Alleviation by Enterprises 2.2 The Use of Market Resources 2.3 Market Mechanism Operation: Poverty Alleviation Through Industrial Development 3 Social Responsibility: Working Together for Poverty Alleviation 3.1 Poverty Alleviation in Designated Poor Areas: “Points into Lines, and Lines into Planes” 3.2 Collaboration on Poverty Alleviation Between the Eastern and Western Regions: Building a Moderately Prosperous Society Together 3.3 Involvement of the Military and Armed Police in Poverty Alleviation: Joint Efforts by the Army and the People to Help Poverty Alleviation 3.4 Participation of Enterprises and Other Social Sectors in Poverty Alleviation: Full Participation and Dedication References 6 Poverty Alleviation and Eradication Models 1 Developing Production: Promoting Poverty Alleviation Through Distinctive Industries 1.1 The Basic Meaning of Poverty Alleviation Through Industrial Development 1.2 The Path to Poverty Alleviation Through Industrial Development 1.3 Experience and Inspiration from China’s Poverty Alleviation Through Industrial Development 2 Poverty Alleviation Through Education: Preventing the Transfer of Poverty Across Generations 2.1 The Basic Meaning of Poverty Alleviation Through Education 2.2 The Path to Poverty Alleviation Through Education 2.3 Experience and Inspiration from China’s Poverty Alleviation Through Education 3 Ecological Poverty Alleviation: Lucid Waters and Lush Mountains Are Invaluable Assets 3.1 The Basic Meaning of Ecological Poverty Alleviation 3.2 The Path to Ecological Poverty Alleviation 3.3 Experience and Inspiration from China’s Ecological Poverty Alleviation 4 Poverty Alleviation Through Healthcare: Building a Social Security System for Poor Families 4.1 The Basic Meaning of Poverty Alleviation Through Healthcare 4.2 The Path to Poverty Alleviation Through Healthcare 4.3 Experience and Inspiration from China’s Poverty Alleviation Through Healthcare 7 Combining Poverty Alleviation with Helping People Build Confidence and Capacity 1 Education and Training Are the Foundation 1.1 Farmers’ Night School: Publicizing Policies to Enhance Confidence 1.2 Farmers’ Training Institute in the New Era: Stimulating Motivation and Developing Ability 1.3 Skills Training: Strengthening Determination and Improving Ability 2 Role Models Have Infinite Power 2.1 Selecting Models: Commending Models to Motivate Others 2.2 Publicizing Models: Providing Guidance and Creating Atmosphere 3 What Matters Is Not Assistance but the Way of Assistance 3.1 Focusing on Industries and Employment for Sustainable Livelihood 3.2 “Substituting Subsidies with Rewards”, “Substituting Donation with Purchase” and Breaking the Welfare Trap 3.3 Paying Equal Attention to Material Assistance and Spiritual Encouragement 4 Shaping a New Trend of Poverty Alleviation Through Cultural Development 4.1 Guiding Poverty Alleviation with Revolutionary Culture 4.2 Tackling Spiritual Poverty with Traditional Culture 4.3 Cultivating Social Etiquette and Civility in Rural Areas by Discouraging Undesirable Habits 4.4 Avoiding Bad Behavior with Supervision and Punishment 8 Comprehensive Government-Subsidized Poverty Alleviation 1 Poor People Have Support for Their Lives 1.1 Top-Level Design of Social Security Guarantees 1.2 Improving Rural Subsistence Allowances System 1.3 Advancing the “Effective Connection of the Two Systems” 1.4 Innovating the Security Model for the Poor 2 Poor People Obtain Health Care 2.1 Top-Level Design of Poverty Alleviation Through Healthcare 2.2 Reducing the Burden of Medical Expenses for the Rural Poor 2.3 Categorized Treatment of Serious and Chronic Diseases 2.4 Strengthening the Construction of the Medical and Health Service System in Poor Areas 3 Children from Poor Families Receive Education 3.1 Top-Level Design of Poverty Alleviation Through Education 3.2 Consolidating and Improving Nine-Year Compulsory Education 3.3 Strengthening the Ranks of Teachers Working in the Countryside 3.4 Increasing Support for Special Groups References 9 International Cooperation on Poverty Reduction 1 Main Actions to Reduce Poverty in China 1.1 Aid to Developing Countries 1.2 The Belt and Road Initiative 1.3 AIIB and the Silk Road Fund 2 China’s Main Contribution to Global Poverty Reduction 2.1 Concepts of Poverty Reduction 2.2 Mechanisms of Poverty Reduction 2.3 Building a Community with a Shared Future for Mankind Without Poverty References 10 China’s Post-2020 Poverty Reduction Strategy 1 Guiding Ideology for the Formulation of China’s Post-2020 Poverty Reduction Strategy 1.1 Establishing a Transitional Period in Poverty Alleviation 1.2 Promoting the Smooth Transformation of Poverty Reduction Strategy and Work System 1.3 Promoting the Gradual Realization of Common Prosperity 2 Researching and Formulating the General Principles of China’s Post-2020 Poverty Reduction Strategy 2.1 Upholding CPC’s Overall Leadership in Poverty Alleviation 2.2 Adhering to the People-Centered Philosophy of Development 2.3 Adhering to the Targeted Poverty Alleviation Strategy 2.4 Constantly Improving the Grand Pattern of Poverty Alleviation 2.5 Stimulating the Endogenous Dynamics of Poverty Alleviation 2.6 Conducting Serious Assessment and Evaluation to Tackle the Toughest Problems 3 Studying the Key Issues of China’s Post-2020 Poverty Reduction Strategy 3.1 Strategic Background 3.2 Guiding Ideology 3.3 Strategic Phases and Strategic Goals 3.4 Strategic Paths 3.5 Strategic Guarantees 3.6 Strategic Moves 3.7 Strategic Relationships Afterword