Research and Advanced Technology for Digital Libraries: 5th European Conference, ECDL 2001, Darmstadt, Germany, September 4-9, 2001. Proceedings (Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2163)

Digital Libraries (dls) Are Major Advances In Information Technology That Frequently Fall Short Of Expectations [7, 28]. Covi & Kling [7] Argue That Understanding The Wider Context Of Technology Use Is Essential To Understanding Digital Library Use And Its - Plementation In Different Social Worlds. Recent Health Informatics Research Also - Gues That Social And Organisational Factors Can Determine The Success Or Failure Of Healthcare It Developments [8, 11, 12]. Heathfield [11] Suggests That This Is Due To The Complex, Autonomous Nature Of The Medical Discipline And The Specialized (clinician Or Software Engineer) Approach To System Development. Negative Reactions To These Systems Is Often Due To Inappropriate System Design And Poor Implementation. H- Ever, There May Be Other Less Obvious Social And Political Repercussions Of Information System Design And Deployment. Symon Et Al [26] Have Identified, Within A Hospital Scenario, How Social Structures And Work Practices Can Be Disrupted By Technology Implementation. Although These Systems Often Deal With Sensitive, Personal Infor- Tion, Other System Design Research Has Found That Apparently Innocuous Data Can Be Perceived As A Threat To Social And Political Stability [1,2,3]. To Understand The Impact Of Dls Within The Medical Profession, An In-depth Evaluation Is Required Of The Int- Duction And Later Development Of These Applications Within Their Specific Social And Organisational Settings. However, As Covi & Kling [7] Have Highlighted, There Are Few High-level Theories That Aid Designers In Understanding The Implication Of These Issues For Dl Design And Implementation. User Modelling -- Evaluating Electronic Textbooks: A Methodology -- Search Behavior In A Research-oriented Digital Library -- A Combined Phrase And Thesaurus Browser For Large Document Collections -- Customizable Retrieval Functions Based On User Tasks In The Cultural Heritage Domain -- Digitisation, Interpretation, And Annotation Of Documents -- Digital Watermark -- Document Classification And Interpretation Through The Inference Of Logic-based Models -- The Cervantes Project: Steps To A Customizable And Interlinked On-line Electronic Variorum Edition Supporting Scholarship -- Fusion Approaches For Mappings Between Heterogeneous Ontologies -- Enhancing Digital Library Documents By A Posteriori Cross Linking Using Xslt -- Using Copy-detection And Text Comparison Algorithms For Cross-referencing Multiple Editions Of Literary Works -- Knowledge Management I -- An Architecture For Automatic Reference Linking -- Disambiguating Geographic Names In A Historical Digital Library --^ Greenstone: A Platform For Distributed Digital Library Applications -- Linking Information With Distributed Objects -- Data And Metadata Models -- Metadata For Digital Preservation: A Review Of Recent Developments -- Marian: Flexible Interoperability For Federated Digital Libraries -- Digital Libraries: A Generic Classification And Evaluation Scheme -- A Deposit For Digital Collections -- Integration In User Communities -- Digital Libraries In A Clinical Setting: Friend Or Foe? -- Interactive, Domain-independent Identification And Summarization Of Topically Related News Articles -- Digital Work Environment (dwe): Using Tasks To Organize Digital Resources -- Learning Spaces In Digital Libraries -- Ethnography, Evaluation, And Design As Integrated Strategies: A Case Study From Wes -- Dynamic Models Of Expert Groups To Recommend Web Documents -- Information Retrieval And Filtering --^ Enhancing Information Retrieval In Federated Bibliographic Data Sources Using Author Network Based Stratagems -- Architecture For Event-based Retrieval From Data Streams In Digital Libraries -- The Effects Of The Relevance-based Superimposition Model In Cross-language Information Retrieval -- An On-line Document Clustering Method Based On Forgetting Factors -- Knowledge Management Ii -- Towards A Theory Of Information Preservation -- C-merge: A Tool For Policy-based Merging Of Resource Classifications -- Truth In The Digital Library: From Ontological To Hermeneutical Systems -- Multimedia Digital Libraries -- Xsl-based Content Management For Multi-presentation Digital Museum Exhibitions -- Iterative Design And Evaluation Of A Geographic Digital Library For University Students: A Case Study Of The Alexandria Digital Earth Prototype (adept) -- Automatically Analyzing And Organizing Music Archives -- Building And Indexing A Distributed Multimedia Presentation Archive Using Smil --^ Multilinguality -- Digitization, Coded Character Sets, And Optical Character Recognition For Multi-script Information Resources: The Case Of The Letopis’ Zhurnal’nykh Statei -- Document Clustering And Language Models For System-mediated Information Access -- Research And Development Of Digital Libraries In China: Major Issues And Trends -- Panel 1 -- What’s Holding Up The Development Of Georeferenced Dls? (panel 1) -- Panel 2 -- Open Archive Initiative, Publishers And Scientific Societies: Future Of Publishing — Next Generation Publishing Models (panel 2) -- Panel 3 -- Digital Library Programs: Current Status And Future Plans. Panos Constantopoulos, Ingeborg T. Sølvberg (eds.). Includes Bibliographical References And Index. Research and Advanced Technology for Digital Libraries Statement of the Chairpersons Organisation Table of Contents Evaluating Electronic Textbooks: A Methodology 1 Introduction 2 Selection of Material 3 Selection of Actors 3.1 The Participant 3.2 The Evaluator 3.3 The Task Developer 3.4 The Task Assessor 4 Selection of Tasks 4.1 “Scavenger Hunt” 4.2 Memory Tasks 4.3 High Cognitive Skill Tasks 5 Selection of Evaluation Techniques 5.1 Subjective Satisfaction Questionnaire 5.2 Behaviour Observation 5.3 Think-Aloud 5.4 Interviews 6 Conclusions References Search Behavior in a Research-Oriented Digital Library 1. Introduction 2. Three Computer Science Digital Libraries: RI, CSTR, CSBIB 3. Data Collection 4. ResearchIndex User Demographics 5. User Sessions 6. Query Complexity 7. Conclusions Acknowledgements References A Combined Phrase and Thesaurus Browser for Large Document Collections 1. Introduction 2. Example Document Collection 3. Browsing the Phrase Interface 4. Identifying Phrases 5. Thesauri 6. Thesaurus Integration 7. Conclusion References Customizable Retrieval Functions Based on User Tasks in the Cultural Heritage Domain Digital Libraries in Cultural Heritage The COLLATE Project Customizable Retrieval in a Collaborative Environment Example Working Scenario: Source Analysis and Interpretation The Retrieval Approach in COLLATE Document Access Task-Based Generation of User Interfaces Related Work Conclusions References Digital Watermark 1 Introduction 2 Watermark in General 3 Human Visual System 4 Demands on Digital Watermark 5 Watermark Technique 6 Implementing of the Watermark Technique Suggested by Martin Kutter, F. Jordan, and F. Bossen 6.1 Single Embedding of a m-bit Watermark 6.2 Multiple Embedding 7 Conclusion 8 Literature Document Classification and Interpretation through the Inference of Logic-Based Models Introduction and Motivation Document Processing Pre-processing Layout Analysis Document Classification and Interpretation The Incremental Learning System INTHELEX Experiments Identification of the Document Class Identification of the Logical Components Conclusions and Further Work The Cervantes Project: Steps to a Customizable and Interlinked On-Line Electronic Variorum Edition Supporting Scholarship 1 Introduction 2 Electronic Variorum Editions 3 An EVE of Don Quixote 3.1 MVED 3.2 VERI 4 Electronic Documentary Editions 4.1 Observations about Source Materials 5 Discussion and Conclusions Acknowledgements References Fusion Approaches for Mappings between Heterogeneous Ontologies 1 Introduction 2 Learning Methods in Text Categorization 3 Fusion Methods 3.1 Committee Machines in Machine Learning 3.2 Fusion in Information Retrieval 3.3 Fusion and Learning 4 Text Categorization Experiments 4.1 Categorization Tasks 4.2 Evaluation Method and Results 5 Fusion Experiments for Text Categorization 6 Conclusion References Enhancing Digital Library Documents by A Posteriori Cross Linking Using XSLT Introduction Architecture of OMNIS/2 A Posteriori Cross Linking Simple Linking Linking Substrings within Tags Advanced Linking Using Java Extensions within XSLT Related Work Summary and Future Work Acknowledgments References Using Copy-Detection and Text Comparison Algorithms for Cross-Referencing Multiple Editions of Literary Works Copy-Detection, Plagiarism, and Comparative Literary Analysis Applications of Text Comparison to DLs and Humanities Research Detecting Cross-References Organizing Collections of Small Pieces of Text Comparative Analysis of Texts Detecting Variations and Mistypings Existing Tools and Algorithms MDR Architecture The Matching Engine Results of Comparing Different Editions of Cervantes's Quijote with MDR Conclusions Future Work An Architecture for Automatic Reference Linking Background and Motivation Related Work Definitions Items and Works References and Citations Repository The Reference Linking API A Java Implementation of the API Experiments with the Architecture A Simple Display Application Reference Linking the D-Lib Magazine Evaluation of the Implementation Conclusions and Further Research References Disambiguating Geographic Names in a Historical Digital Library Introduction Problem Description and Related Work Disambiguation Procedure Evaluation Future Work References Greenstone: A Platform for Distributed Digital Library Applications Introduction Existing Protocols Z39.50 Dienst Stanford Infobus The Greenstone Protocol Applications Z39.50 Receptionist SDLIP Protocol Translator A Digital Library for Children A Java Application Discussion Considerations for DL Systems Conclusions References Linking Information with Distributed Objects Introduction Relationships and Links CORBA and the CORBA Relationship Service The CORBA Relationship Service Using the CORBA Relationship Service in Digital Libraries The DL-LinkService The DL-LinkService Prototype System Three Usage Scenarios Discussion References Metadata for Digital Preservation: A Review of Recent Developments 1 Introduction 2 Digital Preservation Strategies and Metadata 3 Metadata Formats for Recordkeeping 3.1 The Functional Requirements for Evidence in Recordkeeping Project 3.2 The Preservation of the Integrity of Electronic Records Project 3.3 The InterPARES Project 3.4 Australian Recordkeeping Metadata Standards 4 The OAIS Reference Model 5 Library-Based Projects 5.1 The National Library of Australia 5.2 The Cedars Project 5.3 The NEDLIB Project 5.4 The OCLC/RLG Working Group on Preservation Metadata 6 Conclusions Acknowledgements References MARIAN: Flexible Interoperability for Federated Digital Libraries Introduction 1. Federated Systems: Remote Search vs. Local Union 2. The MARIAN Digital Library System 3. Harvesting Approaches 4. The NDLTD Union Archive 4.1 MARIAN’s Interoperability Architecture 4.2 System and Syntactic Interoperability 4.3 Structural Interoperability 4.4 Semantic Interoperability 5. Solution Analysis 5.1 Data Quality Issues 5.2 Efficiency 5.3 Scalability References Digital Libraries: A Generic Classification and Evaluation Scheme Introduction and Background Digital Libraries and Evaluations Related Work A Holistic Approach to DL Evaluation Evaluation Criteria and Metrics Categories of Description Scheme for DLs Users and Uses Data/Collection Technology Evaluation of the Scheme: Questionnaires and Lessons Learned First Survey MetaLibrary Conclusions and Outlook References A Deposit for Digital Collections Introduction Requirements Architecture Class Model Component Model Implementation Collection Statistics Conclusions and Future Work References Digital Libraries in a Clinical Setting: Friend or Foe 1 Introduction 1.1 Background 1.2 Hospital Library Scenario 1.3 Context of Use 2 Research Method 3 Results 3.1 Clinical Libraries (Traditional vs. Digital Libraries) 3.2 Status Impacts on Current Information Dissemination Procedures 3.3 Status Impacts on Technology Perceptions 3.4 DL Usability and Users’ Perceptions of Technology 3.5 DL Usability and Users’ Perceptions of Technology 4 Discussion 5 Conclusion References Interactive, Domain-Independent Identification and Summarization of Topically Related News Articles Introduction Related Work The NewsInEssence System Topic-Focused Search Standardization of Document Formats User Interface The Multi-document Summarization Backend Experiments Conclusion Scalability and Portability Issues Future Work References Digital Work Environment (DWE): Using Tasks to Organize Digital Resources 1 Introduction 2 Task Oriented Research in Digital Libraries 3 Digital Work Environment 4 Conclusion References Learning Spaces in Digital Libraries Introduction The Basis: Concepts, Hypotheses, and Scientific Reasoning Towards an Operational ADEPT Scenarios for System Specification Developing the Concept of LSs and Instantiations Clients for ADEPT Meta-information for Learning Spaces Summary References Ethnography, Evaluation, and Design as Integrated Strategies: A Case Study from WES 1 Introduction: DLESE and WES 2 Science, Technology, and Ethnography 3 An Ethnographic Research Cycle 4 Case Study of the WES Community 5 Conclusion Acknowledgements References Dynamic Models of Expert Groups to Recommend Web Documents Introduction Method Dynamic Authority Weights of Experts Evaluation Effectiveness User Confidence Level Experiments Discussion Conclusion References Enhancing Information Retrieval in Federated Bibliographic Data Sources Using Author Network Based Stratagems 1 Federated Digital Libraries and User Interface Issues 2 Daffodil: An Agent-Based Architecture for Supporting High-Level Search Activities in Federated DLs 3 Author Networks and Author Centrality (in Bibliographic DLs) 4 Author Network Based Stratagems 5 Optimizing Network Propagation by Main Path Analysis 6 Conclusion and Outlook References Architecture for Event-Based Retrieval from Data Streams in Digital Libraries 1 Introduction 2 Concepts for Event-Based Retrieval 3 Potential Applications of the Proposed System 4 Design Considerations 5 The Digital Library Architecture 5.1 The Stream Object 5.2 The Event Object 6 Implementation Prototype 7 Summary and Conclusions References The Effects of the Relevance-Based Superimposition Model in Cross-Language Information Retrieval Introduction The RS Model Problems in Query Representation Model Overview Representative Vector Generation Document Vector Modification Query Translation Comparison of Methods Multilingual Keyword Clusters Translation Using the Keyword Clusters Evaluation Basic Characteristics of the Data Query Expansion Evaluation Method Results Discussion Concluding Remarks References An On-Line Document Clustering Method Based on Forgetting Factors Introduction The C$^2$ICM Clustering Method Seed Power Clustering Algorithms The F$^2$ICM Clustering Method Document Forgetting Model Derivation of the Document Similarity Measure Updating Statistics and Probabilities Document Expiration and Parameter Setting Methods Expiration of Old Documents Methods for Parameter Setting Experimental Results Dataset and Parameter Settings Computational Cost for Clustering Sequences Overview of the Clustering Results Conclusions and Future Work Acknowledgments References Towards a Theory of Information Preservation Introduction Preservation Spaces Semantics Dynamics Preservation, Plans, and Policies Compound Object Preservation Spaces Future Directions Conclusions References C-Merge: A Tool for Policy-Based Merging of Resource Classifications Introduction Motivation: Merging RCNs A Model for Resource-Classifying Networks Merge Scenarios System Analysis and Design Overview of the Merge Process Design of the RCN Merge Process The {em C-Merge} Prototype System Overview User Interaction and User Intervention Related Work Conclusions and Future Work References Truth in the Digital Library: From Ontological to Hermeneutical Systems Introduction Ontology and Hermeneutics Illustration #1 : E-SIA Context and Motivation System Overview Thesaurus Creation and Structuring Thesaurus Sharing and Reuse Illustration #2 : Porphyry 2000 Context and Motivation System Overview Model Creation and Evolution Model Diffusion and Fusion Model Learning & Practice Emergence Synthesis: Hermeneutical Guidelines for Digital Libraries Conclusion References XSL-based Content Management for Multi-presentation Digital Museum Exhibitions 1 Introduction 2 Design Issues of Digital Museum Exhibitions 3 Framework 3.1 XML-based Hypermedia Document Model for Exhibition Elements 3.2 XSL-based Multi-style Presentation 3.3 Digital Museum Resource Management System 4 System Implementation - A Case Study in the Lanyu Digital Museum 4.1 Content Authoring Interface of the Lanyu Digital Museum 4.2 Multi-style Content Presentations 5 Conclusions Acknowledgment References Iterative Design and Evaluation of a Geographic Digital Library for University Students: A Case Study of the Alexandria Digital Earth Prototype (ADEPT) 1 Introduction 2 Evaluating Digital Libraries 3 ADEPT for Undergraduate Learning 3.1 Research Questions 3.2 Top-Down Approaches to Digital Library Design 3.3 Bottom-Up Approaches to Digital Library Design 4 Results and Discussion 4.1 Classroom Observations 4.2 Classroom Implementation of ADEPT I-Scape Prototypes 4.3 Interviews with Students and Faculty 4.4 User Groups and Tasks 4.5 Requirements for I-Scape Cases 5 Summary and Conclusions 6 Acknowledgments References Automatically Analyzing and Organizing Music Archives Introduction Related Work The SOMeJukebox Basic Principles Feature Extraction and Preprocessing Self-Organizing Maps Music Clustering: Segments and Pieces of Music Experiments Conclusions References Building and Indexing a Distributed Multimedia Presentation Archive Using SMIL 1 Introduction 2 Evaluation of Related Work and Objectives 3 Overview of SMIL 3.1 Basic Concepts and a Simple Example 4 The System Components 4.1 Presentation Capture 4.2 Presentation Indexing and Archival 4.3 The Search, Browse, and Retrieval Interface 5 Conclusions and Future Work 5.1 Conclusions 5.2 Future Work Acknowledgements References Digitization, Coded Character Sets, and Optical Character Recognition for Multi-script Information Resources: The Case of the Letopis' Zhurnal'nykh Statei 1 Introduction 2 Choice of Coded Character Set for Multi-script Texts 3 Unicode Compliant Software 4 Optical Character Recognition in a Multi-script Unicode Environment 5 Conclusion References Appendix Document Clustering and Language Models for System-Mediated Information Access System-Based Mediated Access Introduction to the Idea of Mediated Access Comparison to Other Approaches Applications Representatives and Language Models Relative Cluster Representative for Browsing Absolute Cluster Representative for Searching Expanded Cluster Representative for Mediation Evaluation Cluster Hypothesis Experiments Finding Good Clusters Mediation -- The User Experiment Conclusions References Research and Development of Digital Libraries in China: Major Issues and Trends 1 Introduction 2 Central Issues of Digital Library Research in China 3 Some Examples of Chinese Digital Library Construction 4 Problems and Countermeasures of Chinese Digital Library Research and Construction Acknowledgements References What's Holding Up the Development of Georeferenced DLs? Open Archive Initiative, Publishers and Scientific Societies: Future of Publishing - Next Generation Publishing Models Digital Library Programs: Current Status and Future Plans Author Index

This volume comprises selected contributions by internationally renowned researchers and represents the state-of-the-art in the field of hemoglobin function in vertebrates living in extreme and temperate environments. The topics have been covered from several viewpoints, including protein chemistry, molecular biology, and evolution. All the contributions chosen for publication focus on phenotypic and genetic adaptations to changing environmental conditions and on gene expression and regulation. The book provides the reader with an update in this field, which is presently enjoying a true renaissance following developments in recent years of powerful methodologies such as site-directed mutagenesis and discoveries of new roles, for example, as oxygen sensors and in nitric oxide metabolism.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 5th European Conference on Research and Advanced Technology for Digital Libraries, ECDL 2001, held in Darmstadt, Germany, in September 2001. The 38 revised full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 79 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on user modeling; digitization, interpretation, and annotation of documents; knowledge management; data and metadata models; integration in user communities; information retrieval and filtering; multimedia system; and multilinguality