Report on China Smart Education 2022: Digital Transformation of Chinese Education Towards Smart Education (SpringerBriefs in Education)

Preface Contents Part I Concepts and Practices 1 Conceptual Framework of Smart Education in China 1.1 Connotations and Characteristics of Smart Education 1.1.1 Connotations of Smart Education 1.1.2 Characteristics of Smart Education 1.2 Smart Education Development Index 1.2.1 Background 1.2.2 Principles 1.2.3 Indicators 1.2.4 Data and Calculation 2 Transformation and Practices of Smart Education in China 2.1 The Evolution from Education Informatization to Smart Education 2.1.1 Education Informatization 1.0 2.1.2 Education Informatization 2.0 2.1.3 China’s Strategic Action Plan for Education Digitalization 2.2 Experience and Implications 2.2.1 Keep the Focus on China and Tap the Institutional Advantages 2.2.2 Benefit all People and Serve Education Equity 2.2.3 Prioritize Application to Improve Education Quality 2.2.4 Popularize Pilot Projects and Ensure Scientific Development 2.2.5 Promote Openness and Cooperation, and Aim for Shared Prosperity 3 Achievements and Challenges of Smart Education Development in China 3.1 Achievements of China Smart Education Development 3.1.1 Taking Shape in a Digital Education Environment 3.1.2 Applying Digital Teaching and Learning Innovatively 3.1.3 Creating a Digital Governance Framework 3.1.4 Exerting Influence on Talent Cultivation 3.2 Challenges to Smart Education Development in China 3.2.1 Digital Resources Should be Enriched and Optimized 3.2.2 Integration and Innovation of Education and Teaching Should be Deepened 3.2.3 Education Governance Should be More Intelligent 3.2.4 Digital Literacy of Talents Should be Strengthened 4 Outlooks on Smart Education in China 4.1 Key Issues Associated with the Development of Smart Education 4.1.1 Improving Smart Learning Environment to Effectively Support Learning 4.1.2 Reconstructing Teaching and Learning to Shift Education Paradigm 4.1.3 Cultivating “Smart Teachers” for Future Talents 4.1.4 Making Education Governance More Intelligent to Improve Decision-Making and Services 4.1.5 Transforming Education Assessments to Include the Entire Process 4.1.6 Bridging Digital Divide to Promote Education Equality 4.1.7 Conforming to Technology Ethics and Protecting Data Security to Ensure the Healthy Growth of Smart Education 4.2 Suggestions for the Future Development of Smart Education 4.2.1 Improving the Strategic Planning of Smart Education 4.2.2 Facilitating Reforms in the Digital Education Model 4.2.3 Building the Smart Lifelong Learning System 4.2.4 Carrying Out Data-Empowered Innovations in Education 4.2.5 Deepening International Communication and Cooperation on Smart Education Part II Monitoring and Evaluation 5 Report on China Smart Education Development Index 2022 (Composite Index) 5.1 Indicators 5.2 Calculation Results 5.2.1 General Description 5.2.2 Results of Each Dimension 5.3 Achievements and Deficiencies 5.3.1 Achievements 5.3.2 Deficiencies 5.4 Development Recommendations 5.4.1 Enhancing the Level of Data Connection Through Platform Optimization 5.4.2 Transforming to a New Teaching and Learning Paradigm Around Deep Application of Technologies 5.4.3 Developing Intelligent Governance in Education Powered by Big Data 5.4.4 Establishing an Innovative Pattern of Talent Cultivating Aiming at Nationwide Digital Literacy Improvement 6 Report on China Smart Education Development Index 2022 (Basic Education) 6.1 Indicators 6.2 Calculation Results 6.2.1 Environment 6.2.2 Teaching and Learning 6.2.3 Governance 6.2.4 Talent Literacy 6.3 Achievements and Deficiencies 6.3.1 Achievements 6.3.2 Deficiencies 6.4 Development Recommendations 6.4.1 Make Utilization Routine and Improve the Digital Infrastructure 6.4.2 Produce Quality Digital Content in Larger Volumes to Support the Basic Education Reform Agenda 6.4.3 Create Innovative Use Scenarios and Deepen the Integration Between Digital Technologies and Education 6.4.4 Develop a Well Functioning Public Service System for Digital Education Aiming at Universality, Quality and Efficiency 6.4.5 Enhance Technology Governance to Safeguard Digital Security 7 Report on China Smart Education Development Index 2022 (Vocational Education) 7.1 Indicators 7.2 Calculation Results 7.2.1 Environment 7.2.2 Teaching and Learning 7.2.3 Governance 7.2.4 Talent Literacy 7.3 Achievements and Deficiencies 7.3.1 Achievements 7.3.2 Deficiencies 7.4 Development Recommendations 7.4.1 Optimizing the Investment in the Resources of Smart Education and Continuously Advancing Infrastructure Construction 7.4.2 Enhancing the Digital Literacy of Teachers and Students and Boosting User Activation of the Platform 7.4.3 Establishing a Digital Governance System and Setting up Digital Management Mechanisms 7.4.4 Promoting Digital Education and Improving Training Systems for Digital Skills 8 Report on China Smart Education Development Index 2022 (Higher Education) 8.1 Indicators 8.2 Calculation Results 8.2.1 Environment 8.2.2 Teaching and Learning 8.2.3 Governance 8.2.4 Talent Literacy 8.3 Achievements and Deficiencies 8.3.1 Achievements 8.3.2 Deficiencies 8.4 Development Recommendations 8.4.1 Optimize Smart Education Platforms for Efficient Use of High-Quality Resources 8.4.2 Promote Digital Technology Application to Synergize Educational Innovations 8.4.3 Step up Coordination for Intelligent Governance of Education 8.4.4 Enhance Digital Literacy for All and Improve the Competence of Digital Talent 8.4.5 Acquire Share of Voice on Smart Education, and Take International Leadership in Higher Education Epilogue Appendix A Explanations for the Indicator System of Smart Education Development Appendix B Explanations for the Indicator System of Smart Education Development (Basic Education) Appendix C Explanations for the Indicator System of Smart Education Development (Vocational Education) Appendix D Explanations for the Indicator System of Smart Education Development (Higher Education) Afterword This book aims to reflect the digital transformation of Chinese education toward smart education comprehensively and accurately. It is the first systematic summary of the progress of smart education in China. The book believes that smart education is a new education form in the digital era and is essentially distinct from education forms in the industrial era. This new education form is innovative in five dimensions. First is the new core concept. Smart education is not only a concrete action concerning people’s well-being, but also a vital strategy concerning national plans. Through technology empowerment and data drive, it empowers educational reform in all aspects, systematically constructs a new relationship between education and society, provides suitable education for each learner, and makes the aptitude-based teaching that we have been dreaming of for thousands of years a reality. For the first time in history, smart education helps to reach the full alignment between individual development and societal development. Second is the new system structure. Smart education will break through the boundaries of school education, drive the diversified combination of various education types, resources, and elements, promote the collaboration of school, family, and society in education, and build a high-quality, individualized lifelong learning system that is available for anyone anywhere anytime. Third is the new teaching paradigm. Smart education will integrate physical, social, and digital spaces to create new learning scenarios and promote human–technology integration, and cultivate cross-grade, cross-class, and cross-discipline learning communities across time and space to organically combine large-scale education with individualized cultivation. Fourth is the new educational content. Smart education will focus on developing all-round education, establishing digital knowledge graphs based on systematic logics of knowledge points, and innovating content presentation methods to make learning a wonderful experience and help learners develop higher-order thinking skills, comprehensive innovation capability, and lifelong learning ability. Fifth is the new education governance. With data governance at the core and digital intelligence technology as the driver, smart education will boost the holistic reengineering of education administration and business processes and enhance the modernization of the education governance system and governance capacity. This book is intended for teachers, education administrators, education policymakers, education researchers, and parents concerned about education innovation and development, as well as people from all walks of life who have aspirations for the education industry. It can also serve as a reference for international organizations and education research institutions of all countriesto promote the joint exploration of the development path of smart education and create a better future for the world’s mutual development through educational reform.