Renewable Energy Scenarios in Future Indian Smart Cities: A Geospatial Technology Perspective (Advances in Geographical and Environmental Sciences)

This book presents recent advances in renewable energy scenarios for future Indian smart cities including technologies and devices at the scales of both experimental and theoretical models for Industry 4.0, the concept of automated and computerized industrial manufacturing and practices. The current Indian economy is inclined towards smart urban cities, but the energy deficit in modern society is not well recognized. As a result, there is an enormous need to explore alternative avenues of energy for future smart cities. Because such cities depend significantly on technologies and devices that comprise Industry 4.0, the synthesis of energy scenarios enables an understanding of the technology, applications and devices that contribute immensely to the textile, construction, cosmetics, biomedical and environmental industries, among others. These industrial areas are the key starting points for a wide range of applications, consequently becoming top priorities for science and technology policy development. Such advances already have been adopted in various contemporary services and products, especially in the fields of electronics, health care, chemicals, cosmetics, composites and energy. This book is a valuable resource for practising energy planners, citizens and professionals such as businesspeople, bureaucrats from all levels of government, employees from nongovernmental public organizations and their volunteers and other individuals who have stakes in the development of their city-region. Preface About This Book Contents About the Author 1 Concept of Sustainable Energy System for Smart Cities 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Defining Energy 1.3 Forms of Energy 1.4 Energy Resources 1.5 Energy Efficiency 1.6 Energy Conversion 1.7 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 1.8 Impact on Energy Economics 1.9 Energy Intensity and Sustainable Development Scenario 1.10 Benefits of Solar Energy Utilisation 1.11 Limitations of Solar Energy 1.12 Efficiency and Management Scenarios References 2 Overview to Renewable Energy Systems 2.1 Overview 2.2 Energy Crisis in India ~ (Current Status and Trends) 2.3 Significance of Research 2.3.1 Scientific Relevance 2.3.2 Societal Relevance 2.4 Research Problem 2.5 Research Objectives 2.6 Research Questions 2.7 Outline of the Experimental Area 2.8 Research Methodology 2.8.1 Materials Used 2.8.2 Technology and Information Sources 2.8.3 Solar Radiation Data 2.8.4 Software’s and Tools Used 2.8.5 Research Methods 2.8.6 Research Framework 2.8.7 Analysis and Evaluation Methods 2.8.8 Research Setup 2.9 Assumptions and Design Controls References 3 Advancement in Renewable Energy Scenarios 3.1 Overview of Earth’s Energy Resources 3.1.1 Commonly Used Solar Radiation Measuring Instruments 3.1.2 Solar Radiation Modelling 3.2 Current Scenario of Solar Energy Systems 3.3 Photovoltaic System Architecture 3.4 Solar Panel Technologies 3.5 Prerequisites for Solar Energy Assessment 3.5.1 Space and Orientation 3.5.2 Energy Modelling Algorithm 3.5.3 Solar Geometry 3.5.4 Parameters of Solar Panels for Different Applications 3.5.5 Parameters for Tilted Solar Panels 3.6 Background of Solar Resources in India 3.6.1 The Indian Subcontinent 3.6.2 Developments in the Renewable Energy System 3.6.3 Solar PV Progress in India 3.7 A Critical Analysis of Recent Advances in Solar Energy Research 3.7.1 A Review of the Literature Regarding the Modelling of Solar Energy, Data Processing, and the Generation of Solar Maps 3.7.2 Literature Review for Quantifying Solar Energy Yield Estimation 3.7.3 Research Review for Spatio–Temporal and Hyper–Temporal Variability Analysis 3.7.4 Literature Review for Feasibility Analysis of Smart Solar Grids 3.8 Summary of Major Researches 3.9 Review of Solar Radiation Modelling Software’s 3.9.1 Open Source Solar Radiation Models 3.9.2 Other Solar Radiation Modelling Software Tools 3.9.3 Summary of the Softwares 3.10 Summary References 4 Conventional Methods of Energy System Evaluation 4.1 Overview 4.2 Sub-objectives 4.3 Workflow Overview 4.4 Methods 4.4.1 Location of Research Area 4.4.2 Datasets Used 4.4.3 Software and Tools Used 4.4.4 Modelling of Solar Radiation 4.4.5 Statistical Indicators for Evaluation of Model 4.4.6 Solar Radiation Data Processing (SRDP) 4.4.7 Solar Map Generation 4.5 Results and Discussions 4.6 Summary References 5 Quantifying the Amount of Energy Harvest 5.1 Overview 5.2 Sub-objectives 5.3 Workflow Overview 5.4 Methods 5.4.1 Experimental Area 5.4.2 Datasets Used 5.4.3 Software and Tools Used 5.4.4 Software Selection Criteria Process 5.4.5 Area-Wise Solar Insolation 5.4.6 Pointwise Solar Insolation 5.4.7 Solar Energy Estimations 5.4.8 Photovoltaic Yield Calculations 5.5 Results and Discussions 5.5.1 Area-Wise Solar Insolation 5.5.2 Pointwise Solar Insolation 5.5.3 Power Generation Calculations 5.6 Summary References 6 Variability of Energy Resources at a Diverse Scale 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Sub-objectives 6.3 Workflow Overview 6.4 Methods 6.4.1 Research Area 6.4.2 Datasets Used 6.4.3 Software and Tools Used 6.4.4 Spatio-Temporal (S-T) Variability Analysis 6.4.5 Hyper-Temporal (H-T) Variability Analysis 6.5 Results and Discussions 6.5.1 Outcomes from Spatio-Temporal Variability Analysis 6.5.2 Outcomes from Hyper-Temporal Variability Analysis 6.6 Summary References 7 Feasibility Analysis of an Energy System 7.1 Overview 7.2 Sub-objectives 7.3 Workflow Overview 7.4 Methods 7.4.1 Research Area 7.4.2 Datasets Used 7.4.3 Software and Tools Used 7.4.4 Smart Solar Grids Potentials 7.4.5 Feasibility Analysis 7.4.6 Feasibility Analysis Matrix 7.4.7 Feasibility Analysis with HOMER Simulations 7.4.8 SWOT Analysis~Vitality and Feasibility 7.5 Results and Discussions 7.6 Summary References 8 Synthesis and Transitions in Energy Systems Policies 8.1 Synthesis of the Research 8.1.1 Originality of Contribution 8.1.2 Observations from Research 8.2 Research Outcomes 8.3 Summary of Conclusions 8.4 Recommendations to tackle the Energy Crisis in India 8.5 Prospects for Future Work 8.6 Transitions in Energy Systems and Policies