Removal of trace organics by MBR treatment: The role of molecular properties

This study examined the relationship between specific molecular features of trace organic contaminants and their removal efficiencies by a laboratory scale membrane bioreactor (MBR). Removal efficiencies of 40 trace organic compounds were assessed under stable operating conditions. The reported results demonstrate an apparent correlation between chemical structures and the removal of trace organic contaminants by the laboratory scale MBR system. The removal of all 14 very hydrophobic (Log D > 3.2) trace organic compounds selected in this study was consistently high and was above 85%. The occurrence and types of electron withdrawing or donating functional groups appear to be important factors governing their removal by MBR treatment. In this study, all hydrophilic and moderately hydrophobic (Log D < 3.2) compounds possessing strong electron withdrawing functional groups showed removal efficiency of less than 20%. In contrast, high removal efficiencies were observed with most compounds bearing electron donating functional groups such as hydroxyl and primary amine groups. A qualitative framework for the assessment of trace organic removal by MBR treatment was proposed to provide further insights into the removal mechanisms. IFC_IFC_Editorial-BoardPublication-Information_WATRES......Page 1 Introduction......Page 2 Trace organic compounds......Page 3 Performance stability of the MBR......Page 4 Removal of trace organic contaminants......Page 5 Role of molecular features......Page 7 Effect of chemical structure......Page 8 Conclusion......Page 12 References......Page 13 Methanogenic community development in anaerobic granular bioreactors treating trichloroethylene (TCE)-contaminated wastewat .........Page 15 Test system......Page 91 Operation......Page 16 Bioreactor performance: phases 4–6......Page 17 Fresh secondary-treated disinfected wastewater (POTW) and untreated sewage (raw)......Page 238 Toxicity of TCE toward seed and bioreactor biomass......Page 19 Methanogenic community development......Page 20 Discussion......Page 22 References......Page 242 Acknowledgements......Page 24 References......Page 156 Amazonian former gold mined soils as a source of methylmercury: Evidence from a small scale watershed in French Guiana......Page 26 Field analysis – high solids vs low solids centrifuge......Page 180 Monitoring technique......Page 27 Ozonation experiments......Page 81 Sampling procedure......Page 223 Scenarios......Page 236 NCl3 formation for different chlorine to nitrogen ratios......Page 248 Spectra acquisition......Page 28 Performance assessment......Page 29 Raw spectra......Page 30 PCA......Page 31 PLS-R model results......Page 32 Acknowledgment......Page 34 References......Page 177 Effect of biological and chemical oxidation on the removal of estrogenic compounds (NP and BPA) from wastewater: An integra .........Page 36 Introduction......Page 37 Computation......Page 38 Chemical analyses......Page 39 Results and discussion......Page 41 Chemical and microbiological analyses......Page 43 Conclusion......Page 44 References......Page 45 Introduction......Page 48 Experimental setup......Page 255 Analysis......Page 50 Influence of IPA concentration on the hydrothermal flame formation......Page 51 Oxidation of aqueous mixtures of NH3–IPA......Page 52 New piping and concentrations relative to other studies......Page 175 Conclusions......Page 57 References......Page 209 Introduction......Page 59 Materials and methods......Page 191 Evaluation of the released persulfate on groundwater remediation......Page 61 Design of oxidant-releasing materials......Page 62 Field high solids vs low solids centrifuges......Page 182 Evaluation of the released persulfate on groundwater remediation......Page 63 Discussion......Page 67 References......Page 68 Introduction......Page 70 Trichloramine in swimming pools – Formation and mass transfer......Page 244 Apparatus......Page 72 Reproducibility of the auto extraction method......Page 126 Results and discussion......Page 73 Rate constant for reactions with ozone and hydroxyl radical......Page 82 Degradation mechanism for THMs......Page 74 UV photolysis of brominated HAAs......Page 75 Conclusions......Page 77 References......Page 78 Introduction......Page 80 Identification and phylogeny of the small eukaryote population of raw and drinking waters......Page 90 Materials and methods......Page 151 Degradation – low NMOR concentration column experiment......Page 116 DGGE analysis of raw and finished drinking waters......Page 93 Pesticide degradation in natural waters......Page 83 Land cover map......Page 140 Kinetic study in natural waters......Page 85 Engineering applications......Page 87 Acknowledgements......Page 88 Calculation of trichloramine concentrations in air......Page 92 18S rRNA clone libraries......Page 94 Dissolved total and methylmercury in soil waters of the gold mined flat......Page 226 Heterotrophic plate count (HPC)......Page 97 Oxisols as a sink of total mercury and methylmercury in the pristine area......Page 99 References......Page 100 Common key acidogen populations in anaerobic reactors treating different wastewaters: Molecular identification and quantita .........Page 102 Chemicals......Page 103 Membrane module and system......Page 104 Trichloramine in swimming pools – modeling the indoor pool situation and practical consequences......Page 249 Statistical analysis......Page 105 Bacterial community structures......Page 107 Total Hg in soils......Page 109 Quantitative dynamics of target acidogens......Page 110 References......Page 111 Introduction......Page 113 Materials and methods......Page 114 Model human-impacted waterbody......Page 205 Water sample collection......Page 115 Evaluation of combined biological and photo-Fenton treatment......Page 214 Statistical analysis......Page 118 Comparison of degradation rates at high and low concentration......Page 119 References......Page 121 Introduction......Page 124 Samples......Page 125 Screening for NCl3 precursor compounds......Page 246 Experimental procedure......Page 127 Occurrence of bacterial targets in raw sewage and treated effluents......Page 128 Correlation between conventional indicators and human specific marker in raw sewage and treated effluents......Page 129 Correlation between conventional indicators and human specific marker in raw septage and treated septage effluents......Page 130 Discussion......Page 167 Acknowledgments......Page 134 Assessment of global nitrogen pollution in rivers using an integrated biogeochemical modeling framework......Page 136 Introduction......Page 137 Materials and methods......Page 159 Measures of impact......Page 138 Biological N fixation, atmospheric N deposition, and denitrification......Page 139 Specificity and ability of molecular-based methods to detect E. coli strains isolated from membrane filtration method on mF .........Page 207 Model validation......Page 141 References......Page 220 Annual nitrate leaching from terrestrial ecosystems......Page 142 Spatial distribution of global nitrate–nitrogen concentration......Page 144 Uncertainty analysis......Page 145 Discussion......Page 146 References......Page 147 Introduction......Page 150 Data analysis......Page 152 Degradation kinetics......Page 153 Intermediate products......Page 155 Introduction......Page 158 Solar CPC pilot plant......Page 160 Specificity of the membrane filtration method on mFC agar......Page 162 Conclusion......Page 168 Acknowledgements......Page 169 PVC pipe use in drinking water delivery......Page 170 Water characteristics......Page 171 Long term study with new schedule 40 PVC......Page 172 Aged pipe with and without biofilm......Page 173 Effects of chlorine on VC accumulation results......Page 174 Field and lab evidence of VC as a disinfection byproduct (DBP)......Page 176 2616_2626_Anaerobically-digested-biosolids-odor-generation-and-pathogen-indicator-regrowth-after-dewatering_WATRES......Page 179 TVOSCs and methane profile analysis......Page 181 Laboratory simulation of centrifuge dewatering......Page 183 Impact of substrates on fecal coliforms regrowth......Page 184 E. coli vs total microbial population......Page 185 Implications of research......Page 187 Conclusions......Page 188 Acknowledgments......Page 200 Fouling indices for low pressure hollow fiber membrane performance assessment......Page 190 Development of fouling indices using a resistance-in-series approach......Page 192 Analytical determinations......Page 194 Bench-scale results for water from Utility B......Page 195 Membrane performance of full-scale Utility B......Page 196 Conclusions......Page 199 Introduction......Page 201 Sensitivity of the membrane filtration method on mFC agar......Page 206 Introduction......Page 210 Sanitary landfill leachate samples......Page 212 Biodegradability assays......Page 213 Evaluation of biological nitrification and denitrification......Page 217 2659_2669_Amazonian-former-gold-mined-soils-as-a-source-of-methylmercury-Evidence-from-a-small-scale-watershed-in-French-Guiana_WATRES......Page 222 Introduction......Page 233 Results......Page 225 Hydromorphic soils as a source of methylmercury for the stream......Page 227 Seasonal influence on MMHg emissions to the stream......Page 229 Conclusions......Page 230 References......Page 231 Methods......Page 235 Characteristics of sources at human-impacted beaches......Page 237 Sensitivity to input parameters......Page 239 Age of the untreated (or poorly treated) sewage when mixed into the waterbody......Page 240 Limitations......Page 241 Experimental procedures......Page 245 References......Page 251 Redistribution of wastewater alkalinity with a microbial fuel cell to support nitrification of reject water......Page 254 Microbial fuel cell performance......Page 256 Nitrification performance......Page 257 Mass balance on nitrogen......Page 258 Mass balance on alkalinity......Page 259 Discussion of concept......Page 260 References......Page 261