Reluctant Remilitarisation: The Transformation of Defence Policy and Armed Forces in Germany, Italy and Japan

How and why the three losers of the Second World War reconsidered their pacifism, embraced a more active military role and transformed their armed forces after the Cold War * Analysis of the process of military transformation in Italy, Germany and Japan * Addresses the impact of historical legacies on the pacing and direction of transformation * Looks at the transformation of military doctrine and force structure over three decades * Assesses the impact of different external and internal factors in military transformation While armed forces in several countries underwent deep transformations after the end of the Cold War, few if any, however, experiences more radical changes than Germany and Italy, and Japan. The book explores how the three countries modified posture and structure of their militaries over the past three decades. While the three countries all had to overcome a pacifist constitution, a widespread view – in both elites and public opinion – that that war was a taboo, and armed forces designed to defend and deter against large-scale threats, they all became more active security providers over the last decades. Each country followed a distinct path, though. The book reconstructs these paths, trying to show how a mix of external and domestic factors affected the pace and the extent of transformations. The book also identifies critical junctures in such process: any push to change – it is argued – is mediated by the need to come to terms with the cumbersone weight of the past. h4How and why the three losers of the Second World War reconsidered their pacifism, embraced a more active military role and transformed their armed forces after the Cold War/h4ulliAnalysis of the process of military transformation in Italy, Germany and Japan/liliAddresses the impact of historical legacies on the pacing and direction of transformation/liliLooks at the transformation of military doctrine and force structure over three decades/liliAssesses the impact of different external and internal factors in military transformation/li/ulpWhile armed forces in several countries underwent deep transformations after the end of the Cold War, few if any, however, experiences more radical changes than Germany and Italy, and Japan./ppThe book explores how the three countries modified posture and structure of their militaries over the past three decades. While the three countries all had to overcome a pacifist constitution, a widespread view - in both elites and public opinion - that that war was a taboo, and armed forces designed to defend and deter against large-scale threats, they all became more active security providers over the last decades. Each country followed a distinct path, though. The book reconstructs these paths, trying to show how a mix of external and domestic factors affected the pace and the extent of transformations./p pThe book also identifies critical junctures in such process: any push to change - it is argued - is mediated by the need to come to terms with the cumbersone weight of the past./p Contents List of Graphs and Tables Acknowledgements 1 Introduction: Military Transformation in Germany, Italy and Japan 2 Historical Background: The Cold War and Beyond 3 Military Transformation: Drivers and Sequences 4 Germany: To Crisis Management and Back 5 Italy: The Intervention–Transformation Loop 6 Japan: From Defensive Defence to Proactive Contributions to Peace 7 Conclusions List of Interviewees References Index