Religion in Rebellions, Revolutions, and Social Movements (Routledge Studies in Religion and Politics)

__Religion in Rebellions, Revolutions, and Social Movements__ demonstrates that, while religion is often a social force that maintains, if not legitimates, the sociopolitical order, it is also a decisive factor in economic, social, and political conflict. The book explores how and under what conditions religion functions as a progressive and/or reactionary force that compels people to challenge or protect social orders. The authors focus on the role that religion has played in peasant, slave, and plebeian rebellions; revolutions, including the Chinese, English, French, Russian, and Iranian; and modern social movements. In addition to these case studies, the book also contains theoretical chapters that explore the relationship religious thought has with the politics of liberation and oppression. It examines the institutional, organizational, ritualistic, discursive, ideological, and/or framing mechanisms that give religion its oppressive and liberating structures. Many scholars of religion continue very conventional modes of thinking, ignoring how religion has been―and continues to be―both a hegemonic and counterhegemonic force in conflict. This book looks at both sides of the equation. This international and interdisciplinary volume will be of interest to students and scholars in the fields of politics of religion, sociology of religion, religious studies, gender studies, and history. Religion in Rebellions, Revolutions, and Social Movements demonstrates that, while religion is often a social force that maintains, if not legitimates, the sociopolitical order, it is also a decisive factor in economic, social, and political conflict. The book explores how and under what conditions religion functions as a progressive and/or reactionary force that compels people to challenge or protect social orders. The authors focus on the role that religion has played in peasant, slave, and plebeian rebellions; revolutions, including the Chinese, English, French, Russian, and Iranian; and modern social movements. In addition to these case studies, the book also contains theoretical chapters that explore the relationship religious thought has with the politics of liberation and oppression. It examines the institutional, organizational, ritualistic, discursive, ideological, and/or framing mechanisms that give religion its oppressive and liberating structures. Many scholars of religion continue very conventional modes of thinking, ignoring how religion has been—and continues to be—both a hegemonic and counterhegemonic force in conflict. This book looks at both sides of the equation. This international and interdisciplinary volume will be of interest to students and scholars in the fields of politics of religion, sociology of religion, religious studies, gender studies, and history. Cover 1 Half Title 2 Series 3 Title 4 Copyright 5 Contents 6 Acknowledgments 8 Notes on Contributors 9 1 An Introduction to the Critical Study of Religion in Rebellions, Revolutions, and Social Movements 12 Part I Rebellions 40 2 Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels on Religion and Revolution 42 3 Mandate for Revolution? Reconsidering Chinese Peasant Rebellions in Terms of Changing One’s Destiny 51 4 Peasant Revolt Against the Roman Imperial Order in Ancient Palestine 64 5 John Ball and the 1381 English Uprising: From Rebellion to Revolutions 82 Part II Revolutions 100 6 A Second Path: Nuns in the Early French Revolution, 1789–1791 102 7 “Elective Affinities” Between Eastern Orthodox Christianity and the 1917 Russian Revolution 121 8 “The Spirit of the Spiritless World”: The Shiʿa Rituals of Muharram and the 1979 Iranian Revolution 143 9 The Ambivalence of African Independent/Initiated Churches in Colonial and Postcolonial Politics 169 Part III Social Movements 184 10 Theorizing Religion, Social Movements, and Social Change 186 11 Mobilizing Religion in Twenty-First-Century Nativism in the United States 210 12 Elective Affinities Between Liberation Theology and Ecology in Latin America 230 13 Indigenous Spirituality and the Decolonization of Religious Beliefs: Embodied Theology, Collectivity, and Justice 242 14 Epilogue: On the Significance of Religion for Rebellions, Revolutions, and Social Movements 257 Index 275 "Religion in Rebellions, Revolutions, and Social Movements demonstrates that, while religion is often a social force that maintains, if not legitimates, the socio-political order, it is also a decisive factor in economic, social, and political conflict. The book explores how and under what conditions religion functions as a progressive and/or reactionary force that compels people to challenge or protect social orders. The authors focus on the role that religion has played in peasant, slave, and plebeian rebellions; revolutions including the Chinese, English, French, Russian, and Iranian; and modern social movements. In addition to these case studies, the book also contains theoretical chapters which explore the relationship religious thought has with the politics of liberation and oppression. It examines the institutional, organizational, ritualistic, discursive, ideological, and/or framing mechanisms that give religion its oppressive and liberating structures. Many scholars of religion continue very conventional modes of thinking, ignoring how religion has been-and continues to be-both a hegemonic and counter-hegemonic force in conflict. This book looks at both sides of the equation. This international and interdisciplinary volume will interest students and scholars in the fields of politics of religion, sociology of religion, religious studies, gender studies, and history"-- Provided by publisher Religion in Rebellions, Revolutions, and Social Movements demonstrates that, while religion is often a social force that maintains, if not legitimates, the sociopolitical order, it is also a decisive factor in economic, social, and political conflict. The book explores how and under what conditions religion functions as a progressive and/or reactionary force that compels people to challenge or protect social orders. The authors focus on the role that religion has played in peasant, slave, and plebeian rebellions; revolutions, including the Chinese, English, French, Russian, and Iranian; and modern social movements. In addition to these case studies, the book also contains theoretical chapters that explore the relationship religious thought has with the politics of liberation and oppression. It examines the institutional, organizational, ritualistic, discursive, ideological, and/or framing mechanisms that give religion its oppressive and liberating structures. Many scholars of religion continue very conventional modes of thinking, ignoring how religion has been - and continues to be - both a hegemonic and counterhegemonic force in conflict. This book looks at both sides of the equation. This international and interdisciplinary volume will be of interest to students and scholars in the fields of politics of religion, sociology of religion, religious studies, gender studies, and history