Religion and Contemporary Politics : A Global Encyclopedia [2 Volumes]

Although there are many books on the topics of religion and politics, reference works that consider the two together are few, with those that do exist primarily addressing theory rather than trends. The present work does the latter, contextualizing them within regional and national boundaries. In so doing, it recognizes the power of political and religious ideas and movements on individuals, communities, and nations, making the work a valuable resource for several disciplines, among them political science, international relations, religion, and sociology. The work focuses on the interplay of religion and politics in countries around the world with an emphasis on the post-2000s. It is organized by global geographic regions including Africa, the Middle East, and South America and presents countries alphabetically within those sections. Each region has a brief overview of the political-religious dynamics of the area so readers can compare and contrast the dynamics between and among countries in a region. The work also includes an introduction, sidebars, and a bibliography. Cover Title Page Copyright Contents Preface Introduction Volume 1: Global Introduction Timeline—Global since 2000 Anti-Semitism Global Terrorism Human Rights Political Theology Property Religious Freedom Religious Nationalism Religious Persecution Speech and Conscience State Churches Statist Utopianism Terrorism Trends United Nations and Religion Women and Religious Freedom Africa Introduction Timeline—Africa since 2000 African Indigenous Faith Traditions African National Congress (ANC) Algeria Al-Shabaab Angola Apartheid Arab Spring (2010–2012) Benin Boko Haram Botswana Bouazizi, Mohamed (1984–2011) Burundi Cameroon Central African Republic Chad Christian-Muslim Conflict in Africa Christianity in Africa Congo, Democratic Republic of (DRC) Congo, Republic of Djibouti Ennahda Movement Equatorial Guinea Eritrea Ethiopia Gabon Gambia Ghana Guinea Guinea-Bissau Islam in Africa Ivory Coast Kenya Kony, Joseph (1961–) Liberia Libya Lord’s Resistance Army (LRA) Madagascar Malawi Mali Mandela, Nelson (1918–2013) Mau Mau Rebellion (1952–1960) Mauritania Morocco Mozambique Namibia Niger Nigeria Rwanda Senegal Sharia Law Sierra Leone Somalia South Africa South Sudan Sudan Tanzania Togo Tunisia Tutu, Desmond (1931–) Uganda Western Sahara Xhosa Zambia Zanzibar Zimbabwe Zuma, Jacob (1942–) Asia Introduction Timeline—Asia since 2000 Abu Sayyaf Group (ASG) Afghanistan Armenia Aum Shinrikyo Azerbaijan Bangladesh Bharatiya Jana Sangh Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) Bhutan Brunei Buddhism and War Buddhist Nationalism Cambodia Caodaism China China, Church-State Tensions in Confucianism Dalai Lama XIV (1935–) Daoism Daoism and War Falun Gong Gandhi, Mohandas (1869–1948) Hindu Nationalism Hindu Rights Action Force (HINDRAF) Hinduism Hinduism and War Hui India India, Hindu-Muslim Conflict in Indonesia Japan Jemaah Islamiyah Kashmir Kazakhstan Komeito Kyrgyzstan Laos Malaysia Maluku Sectarian Conflict (Indonesia) Mongolia Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF) Mujahideen Myanmar Nepal Nhat Hanh, Thich (1926–) North Korea Pakistan Philippines Pol Pot (1925–1998) Religious Freedom in Asia Rohingya Saffron Revolution Shinto Sikhism Sikhism and War Singapore Soka Gakkai South Korea Sri Lanka Taiwan Tajikistan Taliban Thailand Tibet Tibet, Chinese Occupation of Turkmenistan Uyghurs Uzbekistan Vietnam Zia-ul-Haq, Muhammad (1924–1988) Australia and Oceania Introduction Timeline—Australia and Oceania since 2000 Australia Christianity in Australia Islam in Australia and Oceania New Zealand Oceania Papua New Guinea (PNG) Central and South America Introduction Timeline—Central and South America since 2000 Afro-Caribbean Religions Argentina Belize Bolivia Brazil Cardenal, Ernesto (1925–) Chile Colombia Costa Rica Cuba Dominican Republic Ecuador El Salvador Evangelicals and Pentecostals in Central and South America French Guiana Guatemala Guyana Haiti Honduras Jamaica Latin American Episcopal Council (Consejo Episcopal Latinoamericano—CELAM) Liberation Theology Medellin Conference (1968) Nicaragua Panama Paraguay Peru Roman Catholicism in Central and South America Romero, Oscar (1917–1980) Sandinista National Liberation Front Suriname Uruguay Venezuela Volume 2 Europe Introduction Timeline—Europe since 2000 Albania Andorra Austria Balkans Belarus Belgium Benedict XVI, Pope (1927–) Bonhoeffer, Dietrich (1906–1945) Bosnia-Herzegovina Bulgaria Catholic Social Teaching Chechnya Christianity and War Christianity in Europe Christianity in Europe, Historical Backgrounds of Croatia Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark Eastern Orthodox Church Estonia European Union (EU) Finland France Francis, Pope (1936–) Georgia Germany Greece Greenland Habermas, Jürgen (1929–) Holocaust Hungary Iceland Ireland Islam in Europe Islam in Russia Italy John Paul II, Pope (1920–2005) Kosovo Latvia Liechtenstein Lithuania Luxembourg Macedonia Malta Marx, Karl (1818–1883) Moldova Monaco Montenegro Netherlands, The Northern Ireland Norway Patriarch Kirill (1946–) Poland Portugal Putin, Vladimir (1952–) Refugees Romania Russia Russian Orthodox Church Secularism in Europe Serbia Slovakia Slovenia Solidarity Spain Sweden Switzerland Ukraine United Kingdom Vatican City Weber, Max (1864–1920) Middle East Introduction Timeline—Middle East since 2000 al-Assad, Bashar (1965–) Alawites Al-Qaeda Baha’i Faith Bahrain Caliphate Christianity in the Middle East Coptic Christianity Druze and War Egypt Erdog ̆ an, Recep Tayyip (1954–) Fedayeen Gaza War (2008–2014) Hamas Hezbollah Iran Iraq ISIS (the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria) Islam and War (Jihad) Israel Jerusalem Jordan Judaism and War Kurdistan Workers’ Party (Partiya Karkeren Kurdistan—PKK) Kurds Kuwait Lebanon Muslim Brotherhood Oman Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) Peshmerga Qatar Radical Islam Saudi Arabia Shia Islam Shia Islam in Iran Sunni Islam Syria Temple Mount Turkey United Arab Emirates (UAE) Wahhabism Yazidi Yemen Zionism North America Introduction Timeline—North America since 2000 American Christianity and the Law American Civil Religion Berrigan, Daniel (1921–2016) Buddhism in North America Canada Christian America, Idea of Christian Heritage Party (Canada) Christian Left in the United States Christian Reconstructionism Christian Right in the United States Christianity and Canadian Domestic Policy Christianity in the United States Environmental Politics and Religion Evangelicals and U.S. Foreign Policy First Amendment Advocacy and Controversy Free Exercise of Religion and the U.S. Supreme Court Goldman, Emma (1869–1940) Graham, William Franklin Jr. “Billy” (1918–2018) Immigration and Sanctuary Islam in North America Israel, Evangelicals and Israel Lobby and U.S. Foreign Policy Jonestown Massacre (1978) Judaism in the United States Merton, Thomas (1915–1968) Mexico Native American Religion Neuhaus, Richard John (1936–2009) Niebuhr, Reinhold (1892–1971) Ogle, Robert “Bob” (1928–1998) Politics, Evangelicals and Protestantism and Democracy Religion and U.S. Domestic Policy Religion and U.S. Presidents Religious Demographics and U.S. Elections Religious Minorities in the United States Religious-Political Alliances Schmitt, Carl (1888–1985) Secularism in North America Southern Baptist Convention (SBC) United Nations United States Commission on International Religious Freedom (USCIRF) Waco Siege (1993) Bibliography Editors and Contributors Index With respect to the countries of the world, this work addresses two basic questions: "How does religion affect politics in this country?" and "How does politics affect religion in this country?" Although there are many books on the topics of religion and politics, reference works that consider the two together are few, with those that do exist primarily addressing theory rather than trends. The present work does the latter, contextualizing them within regional and national boundaries. In so doing, it recognizes the power of political and religious ideas and movements on individuals, communities, and nations, making the work a valuable resource for several disciplines, among them political science, international relations, religion, and sociology. The work focuses on the interplay of religion and politics in countries around the world with an emphasis on the post-2000s. It is organized by global geographic regions including Africa, Central and South America, and the Middle East and presents countries alphabetically within those sections. Each region has a brief overview of the political-religious dynamics of the area so readers can compare and contrast the dynamics between and among countries in a region. The work also includes an introduction, sidebars, and a bibliography. Covers major geographic regions such as Africa and South America and provides alphabetically arranged entries on topics related to religion and contemporary politics in particular countries Cites works for further reading Features essays within each section that compare and contrast the dynamics of religion and politics among the countries within that region Contains sidebars that highlight key points and present interesting information Provides a bibliography of the most important broad works on contemporary religion and politics in the modern world This title addresses how religion affects politics and politics affects religion in countries around the world, addressing trends rather than theory, with an emphasis on the post-2000s. Countries are presented alphabetically within region. Each region has a brief overview of the political-religious dynamics of the area so readers can compare and contrast the dynamics between and among countries in a region. The work also includes an introduction, sidebars, and a bibliography