Relics of the Past: The Collecting and Studying of Pre-Columbian Antiquities in Peru and Chile, 1837 - 1911 (Oxford Studies in the History of Archaeology)

__Relics of the Past__ tells the story of antiquities collecting, antiquarianism, and archaeology in Cuzco and Lima over the Araucanian territories and the War of the Pacific in the second half of the nineteenth and the early twentieth century. While the role of foreign travellers and scholars dedicated to the study of South America's pre-Columbian past is well documented, historians have largely overlooked the knowledge gathered and the collections formed among collectors of antiquities, antiquaries, and archaeologists born or living in South America during this period. The landed gentry, the clergy, and an urban bourgeoisie of doctors, engineers, and military officials put antiquities on display in their private mansions or bestowed them upon the public museums that were being formed by municipalities and governments in Santiago de Chile, Cuzco, or Lima. Men, and some few women, gathered antiquities on their journeys 'inland' and during sociable weekend excursions, but also on quotidian commercial voyages or in military campaigns. They bartered antiquities with their fellow collectors or haggled about their price on the antiquities market. In their hours of leisure, they marvelled at them, wrote about them, and disputed over their meaning, age, and interest in learned societies, informal gatherings, and at meetings in universities and public museums. This volume unveils a hitherto largely unknown world of antiquarian and archaeological collecting and learning in Peru and Chile. Relics Of The Past Tells The Story Of Antiquities Collecting, Antiquarianism, And Archaeology In Peru And Chile In The Second Half Of The Nineteenth And The Early Twentieth Century. While The Role Of Foreign Travellers And Scholars Dedicated To The Study Of South America's Pre-columbian Past Is Well Documented, Historians Have Largely Overlooked The Knowledge Gathered And The Collections Formed Among Collectors Of Antiquities, Antiquaries, And Archaeologists Born Or Living In South America During This Period. The Landed Gentry, The Clergy, And An Urban Bourgeoisie Of Doctors, Engineers, And Military Officials Put Antiquities On Display In Their Private Mansions Or Bestowed Them Upon The Public Museums That Were Being Formed By Municipalities And Governments In Santiago De Chile, Cuzco, Or Lima. Men, And Some Few Women, Gathered Antiquities On Their Journeys 'inland' And During Sociable Weekend Excursions, But Also On Quotidian Commercial Voyages Or In Military Campaigns. They Bartered Antiquities With Their Fellow Collectors Or Haggled About Their Price On The Antiquities Market. In Their Hours Of Leisure, They Marvelled At Them, Wrote About Them, And Disputed Over Their Meaning, Age, And Interest In Learned Societies, Informal Gatherings, And At Meetings In Universities And Public Museums. This Volume Unveils A Hitherto Largely Unknown World Of Antiquarian And Archaeological Collecting And Learning In Peru And Chile.-- Introduction: Antiquities In Peru And Chile -- Collecting And Studying Antiquities -- The Spaces Of Collecting -- Writing Histories Of Archaeology -- Through The Lives Of Objects -- The Mascapayacha: Collections Of Incan Antiquities In Cuzco -- Incan Material Culture Under Spanish Rule -- Collections, Salons, And Learned Societies -- Commodities On Sale -- The Khipu: Antiquarianism And Archaeology In Lima -- Khipus And Communication In The Andes -- Antiquarianism, Antiquities Collecting, And Archaeology -- A Khipu On The Market -- Pascual Coña: Collecting And Colonization In Araucanía -- The Free Territories Of Araucanía -- Collecting Araucanian Antiquities -- The Last Of Their Kind -- The Valdivia Jug: Archaeology Over The War Of The Pacific -- An Incan Civilization For South Americans -- Antiquities Collecting, Archaeology, And National Ancestry -- Conclusion: Relics Of The Past. By Stefanie Gänger. Includes Biliographic References (pages 258-302) And Index. Cover 1 Relics of the Past: The Collecting and Study of Pre-Columbian Antiquities in Peru and Chile, 1837–1911 4 Contents 6 Acknowledgements 8 List of Illustrations 12 Introduction: Antiquities in Peru and Chile 16 Collecting and Studying Antiquities 18 The Spaces of Collecting 22 Writing Histories of Archaeology 27 Through the Lives of Objects 38 1: The Mascapaycha: Collections of Incan Antiquities in Cuzco 43 Incan Material Culture Under Spanish Rule 44 Collections, Salons, and Learned Societies 60 Commodities on Sale 98 2: The Khipu: Antiquarianism and Archaeology in Lima 116 Khipus and Communication in the Andes 118 Antiquarianism, Antiquities Collecting, and Archaeology 124 A Khipu on the Market 161 3: Pascual Coña: Collecting and Colonization in Araucanía 175 The Free Territories of Araucanía 176 Collecting Araucanian Antiquities 180 The Last of Their Kind 206 4: The Valdivia Jug: Archaeology over the War of the Pacific 218 An Incan Civilization For South Americans 222 Antiquities Collecting, Archaeology, and National Ancestry 231 Conclusion: Relics of the Past 266 List of Archives 272 Chile 272 Europe 272 Peru 272 United States 272 List of References 273 Manuscript Sources 273 Printed Sources 279 Published Secondary Works 293 Websites 317 Unpublished Dissertations 317 Index 318 "Relics of the Past tells the story of antiquities collecting, antiquarianism, and archaeology in Cuzco and Lima, over the Araucanian territories and the War of the Pacific in the second half of the nineteenth and early twentieth century. While the role of foreign travellers and scholars dedicated to the study of South America's pre-Columbian past is well documented, historians have largely overlooked the knowledge gathered and the collections formed among collectors of antiquities, antiquaries, and archaeologists born or living in South America during this period ... This volume unveils a hitherto largely unknown world of antiquarian and archaeological collecting and learning in Peru and Chile"--Publishers' description This text tells the story of antiquities collecting, antiquarianism, and archaeology in Peru and Chile in the second half of the nineteenth and the early twentieth century