Regulation of Choloroplast Biogenesis (Nato Science Series A:, 226)

From July 28 to August 3, 1991, an International Meeting on the REGULATION OF CHLOROPLAST BIOGENESIS was held at the capsis Beach Hotel in Aghia Pelaghia, on the island of crete, Greece. The Meeting (Advanced Research Workshop-Lecture Course) was co-sponsored by NATO, FEBS and IUB, and was held under the auspices of the International society for Chloro­ plast Development, the Greek Ministry of Industry, Research and Technol­ ogy, and the National Center for Scientific Research "Demokritos". The Meeting focused on recent advances in the field of chloroplast biogenesis and the regulatory mechanisms underlined, and brought together over 120 experts and students of the field from 22 countries. The subject of chloroplast biogenesis has experienced great progress in recent years mainly thanks to the application of Molecular Biology techniques and methodology. New findings that emerge gradually unravel the regulatory mechanisms involved in the assembly, stabilization and growth of the photosynthetic units in thylakoids, the signal transduction chain leading from photoreception to gene expression, the transport of nuclear-coded proteins into stroma-soluble supramolecular enzyme complexes as well as thylakoid-bound supramolecular complexes, involved in light-energy transduction. It was the aim of this meeting to bring together experts and students coming from diverse disciplines (ranging from Botany and plant physiology to Molecular Biology, Biophysics and Biotechnology), to discuss the recent advances in the field so that thorough exchange of ideas and working hypotheses would be achieved. Front Matter....Pages i-xvii Front Matter....Pages N1-N1 Chairman’s Introduction — Structure and Organization of Plastidal Genes and the Features of their Expression....Pages 1-8 Chloroplast Gene Expression and Reverse Genetics in Chlamydomonas Reinhardtii ....Pages 9-16 Transcriptional and Post-Transcriptional Determinants of Chloroplast Biogenesis....Pages 17-22 Regulation of Expression of the Pea Plastocyanin Gene....Pages 23-29 Regulation of Genes Encoding Plastid Proteins During Chloroplast Biogenesis in Euglena ....Pages 31-41 Cellular Differentiation Processes During Chloroplast Development in Euglena Gracilis ....Pages 43-50 Plastid Gene Expression During Chloroplast Development by Two Alternative Pathways in Barley Seedlings....Pages 51-56 Cis-Regulatory Elements Responsible for the Tissue-Specific Expression of the Wheat Cab-1 Gene....Pages 57-61 Characterization of cDNAs which Encode Enzymes Involved in Chromoplast Differentiation and Carotenoid Biosynthesis in Capsicum Annuum ....Pages 63-69 Photoreceptors and their Action on Chloroplast Development Photoregulated Gene Expression....Pages 71-76 Regulation of Gene Expression in Plastidogenesis by Light, Nitrate and Plastidic Factor....Pages 77-84 Action Spectrum of LHC-II Precursor Apoprotein Transcription and Coordinated Translation....Pages 85-90 Heat-Induced “Photo”Morphogenesis in Dark Grown Plants and Circadian Rhythmicity — is there a Connection?....Pages 91-99 Circadian Control of Gene Expression and Morphogenesis by Heat Shock in Barley....Pages 101-106 Coordination in LHC-II mRNA Transcription, Translation and Capacity for Chlorophyll Synthesis: Circadian Rhythm in All Processes....Pages 107-112 Induction of the Early Light-Inducible Protein (ELIP) in Mature Pea Plants During Photoinhibition....Pages 113-118 Regulation by Phytochrome and Oxygen Radicals of Ascorbate Specific Peroxidase and Glutathione Reductase....Pages 119-124 Front Matter....Pages N2-N2 Chloroplast-Specific Import and Routing of Proteins....Pages 125-134 Targeting of Proteins into and Across the Chloroplastic Envelope....Pages 135-141 Import and Processing of the Major Light-Harvesting Chlorophyll A/B Binding Protein of PSII....Pages 143-149 Front Matter....Pages N2-N2 Processing of the Light-Harvesting Chlorophyll a/b Protein II Precursor — Possible Intermediate Steps Examined by Using Truncated Precursors....Pages 151-157 Protein Targeting to the Thylakoid Lumen....Pages 159-164 Front Matter....Pages N3-N3 Pigments of the Plastid Envelope Membranes....Pages 165-173 New Aspects of the Intermediates, Catalytic Components and the Regulation of the C 5 -Pathway to Chlorophyll....Pages 175-181 Last Steps in Chlorophyll Biosynthesis: Esterification and Insertion into the Membrane....Pages 183-190 Control of Carotenoid Synthesis and Assembly of PS-II by Light in Mutant C-6D of Scenedesmus....Pages 191-198 Purification and Characterization of Two Glutamyl-tRNA Ligase Fractions from the Unicellular Green Alga Scenedesmus Obliquus , Mutant C-2A’....Pages 199-204 The Photoreduction of Protochlorophyll(IDE) in Scenedesmus and Barley ( Hordeum Vulgare )....Pages 205-210 The Regulation of Protochlorophyll Synthesis and its Physiological Role....Pages 211-215 Pigment-Protein Complexes of Chlorophyll Precursors....Pages 217-224 Cross-Linking of NADPH-Protochlorophyllide Oxidoreductase in Isolated Prolamellar Bodies....Pages 225-230 IEF of Solubilized Active Protochlorophyllide Reductase....Pages 231-234 Effect of Phosphonic Acid Esters on Photoconversion of Protochlorophyllide in Barley Etioplasts....Pages 235-240 On the Formation of Chlorophyllide after Phototransformation of Protochlorophyllide in 2-Day Old Bean Leaves: Comparison with Etiolated Leaves....Pages 241-245 Chlorophyll Synthesis and Degradation in Germinating Barley Seedlings....Pages 247-252 Susceptibility of Dark Chlorophyll Synthesis in Barley and Pine Seedlings to Inhibition by Gabaculine....Pages 253-258 Chlorophyll Biosynthesis: Spectrofluorometric Estimation of Protoporphyrin IX, Mg-Protoporphyrin and Protochlorophyllide....Pages 259-264 Front Matter....Pages N4-N4 In Vitro Synthesis of Chlorophyll a Regulates Translation of Chlorophyll A-Apoproteins in Barley Etioplasts....Pages 265-270 In Vitro Synthesis and Membrane Integration of the Chloroplast Encoded D-2 Protein of Photosystem II....Pages 271-276 Characterization of the Sequential Light-Regulated Assembly of Photosystem I Core Complex....Pages 277-284 Front Matter....Pages N4-N4 Biogenesis of Photosystem I....Pages 285-290 Assembly of the Photosystem I Multiprotein Complex and the Oligomeric Form of the Major Light-Harvesting Chlorophyll a/b-Protein in Pea Seedlings Grown in Flashed Light Followed by Continuous Illumination....Pages 291-301 PS II Inhibitor Binding, Q B -Mediated Electron Flow and Rapid Degradation are Separable Properties of the D1 Reaction Centre Protein....Pages 303-311 Regulation of Photosynthetic Unit Assembly: Regulation of Light-Harvesting Apoprotein Transcription, Translation and Stabilization in Thylakoids....Pages 313-321 Role of the Chloroplast Envelope in Thylakoid Biogenesis....Pages 323-330 Thylakoid-Bound Protease Activity as Monitored by Azo-Dye Release from Azocoll Substrate is Affected by Thylakoid Development and Chlorophyll Synthesis Inhibitors....Pages 331-336 Proteolytic Digestion of Apoproteins of Light-Harvesting Chlorophyll a / b /-Protein Complexes in Barley Leaves....Pages 337-341 Reconstitution of LHCP-Pigment Complexes with Mutant LHCP and Chlorophyll Analogs....Pages 343-348 Biogenesis of Chloroplasts and Pigment-Protein Complexes in Barley Seedlings with Blocked Biosynthesis of Carotenoids....Pages 349-354 Development of Proplastids and Accumulation of LHCP II Apo-Protein in Golgi and Thylakoids of Dark-Grown Wax-Rich Cells of Euglena Gracilis at Low Light Intensities seen by Immuno-Electron Microscopy....Pages 355-360 Low Intensity Light-Induced Development of Thylakoids in Proplastids of Dark-Grown Wax-Rich Cells of Euglena Gracilis ....Pages 361-366 Front Matter....Pages N5-N5 Reconstitution of the Photosystem I Complex with Genetically Modified PsaC & PsaD Polypeptides Expressed in Escherichia Coli ....Pages 367-374 Organization of the Photosystem II Reaction Center....Pages 375-382 Extrinsic Polypeptides and the Inorganic Cofactors of Photosystem II....Pages 383-390 Glycine Betaine, Sucrose, or Chloride Ions Protect Isolated Photosystem 2 Particles from Denaturation and Inactivation....Pages 391-395 Assembly of the Auxiliary Chlorophyll ab Light-Harvesting Antenna of PhotoSystem-II in Chloroplasts....Pages 397-403 Organization of the Photosystem II Antenna System of Maize Plants Grown Under Intermittent Light Condition....Pages 405-410 Structure of the Cyanobacterial Photosystem II: An Indication of Different Functions of CP47 and CP43....Pages 411-415 Glycolipids are Prosthetic Groups of Polypeptides of the Reaction Center Complex of Photosystem II....Pages 417-422 The Fo and the O-J-I-P Fluorescence Rise in Higher Plants and Algae....Pages 423-426 Front Matter....Pages N5-N5 Characterization of the Oxygen Evolving Complex of Prochlorothrix Hollandica ....Pages 427-432 Prochlorothrix Hollandica is more Sensitive to Photoinhibition than Chlamydomonas Reinhardtii ....Pages 433-437 Comparison of the O 2 -Evolving Complexes of Oscillatoria Chalybea with that of Different Greening Stages of Higher Plant Chloroplasts: An Amperometric and Mass Spectrometric Study....Pages 439-444 The Effect of Temperature and Radical Protection on the Photoinhibition of Spinach Thylakoids....Pages 445-450 The Effect of Heat Treatment on the Capacity of the Electron Transport: Interaction of Light and Structural Organization....Pages 451-455 Does a Heat-Shock Treatment Affect Photosynthesis in Nicotiana Tabacum?....Pages 457-462 Immunogold-Localization of Tubulin-Like Protein in the Intra-Skeletal Structure of Pea Chloroplasts....Pages 463-468 A Platelet Activating Factor-Like Compound Isolated from Higher Plants....Pages 469-474 Front Matter....Pages N6-N6 A Regulatory Feedback Mechanism for Light Acclimation of the Photosynthetic Apparatus: Are Photosystems II and I Self-Regulatory Light Sensors?....Pages 475-482 Dynamic Light Acclimation of the Photosynthetic Apparatus of Higher Plants....Pages 483-490 Modification of Chloroplast Development by Irradiance....Pages 491-498 Regulation of the Photosynthetic Adaptation in Scenedesmus Obliquus Depending on Blue and Red Light....Pages 499-504 Light Quality and Irradiance Level Interaction in Control of Chloroplast Development.....Pages 505-509 Reorganization of Thylakoid Membrane Lateral Heterogeneity Following State I — State II Transition....Pages 511-520 LHCII Kinase Activation During Greening Correlates with the Assembly of Cytochrome b 6 /f Complex and Grana Formation....Pages 521-526 Phosporylation on D1 and D2 Proteins of Photosystem IIα Induces Heterogeneity of Q-B Site Activity....Pages 527-532 Redox-Regulated Protein Phosphorylation and Photosystem II Function....Pages 533-537 Thylakoid Protein Phosphorylation Leads to Organization of the Oligomeric Forms of Pigment-Protein Complexes in Pea Grana and Stroma Lamellae....Pages 539-544 Development of Shade-Type Appearance — Light Intensity Adaptation — and Regulation of the D1 Protein in Synechococcus ....Pages 545-550 What do we Know About the Biogenesis and the Development of Secondary Thylakoids (Grana Formation) in Higher Plant Systems?....Pages 551-559 Front Matter....Pages N7-N7 Site Directed Mutagenesis of a Chloroplast Encoded Protein....Pages 561-565 Site-Directed Mutagenesis to Probe the Role of the D2 Protein in Photosystem II....Pages 567-574 Photosystem I in the Nitrogen-Fixing Cyanobacterium, Anabaena Variabilis ATCC 29413: Subunit Composition and Directed Mutagenesis of Cofactor Binding Proteins....Pages 575-582 Towards Protein Engineering of Chlamydomonas Reinhardtii Chloroplast ATP Synthase....Pages 583-588 Accelerated Rate of Turnover of the D1 Subunit of Photosystem II is Correlated with Inhibition of Electron Transfer From Q A to Q B in Cyanobacterial Mutants....Pages 589-596 Mutations in the Q B -Binding Niche in the D1 Subunit of Photosystem II Impair Electron Transport From Q A to Q B ....Pages 597-602 Isolation and General Characterization of Chlorophyll B Deficient Mutants and their Developmental Phenotypes from the Green Alga, Scenedesmus Obliquus ....Pages 603-610 Back Matter....Pages 611-621