Regenerating the Heart: Stem Cells and the Cardiovascular System (Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine)

Medical research made huge strides in treating heart disease in the 20 th century, from drug-eluding stents to automatic internal defibrillators. Public awareness of the dangers of heart disease has never been more pervasive. Now, though, ten years into a new millennium, scientists are gearing up for the next great challenges in tackling this pervasive condition. Cell therapy is going to be a key weapon in the fight against heart disease. It has the potential to address many cardiovascular conditions. From heart failure to atrioventricular nodal dysfunction, the young but promising field of cell therapy is set to play a significant role in developing the cures that the upcoming decades of hard work will yield. Regenerating the Heart: Stem Cells and the Cardiovascular System organizes the field into a digestible body of knowledge. Its four sections cover mechanical regeneration, electrical regeneration, cardiac tissues and in vivo stem cell therapies. An array of talented researchers share the fruits of their labors, with chapters covering such crucial issues as the cardiogenic potential of varying stem cell types, the ways in which they might be used to tackle arrhythmias, their possible application to biological replacements for cardiac tissues such as valves, and the varying approaches used in the in vivo evaluation of stem cell therapies, including methods of delivering stem cells to the myocardium. This comprehensive survey of an area of research with such exciting potential is an invaluable resource both for veteran stem cell researchers who need to monitor fresh developments, and for newly minted investigators seeking inspirational examples. Inducing embryonic stem cells to become cardiomyocytes / Alexander M. Becker, Michael Rubart, and Loren J. Field Regenerating function in vivo with myocytes derived from embryonic stem cells / Priya R. Baraniak and Todd C. McDevitt Excitation-contraction coupling, functional properties, and autonomic and hormonal regulation in human embryonic stem cell derived cardiomyocytes / Oshra Sedan and Ofer Binah Embryonic stem cell derivatives for cardiac therapy : advantages, limitations, and long-term prospects / Michal Weiler-Sagie and Lior Gepstein Methods for differentiation of bone-marrow-derived stem cells into myocytes / Shinji Makino and Keiichi Fukuda Homing, survival, and paracrine effects of human mesenchymal stem cells / Sergey Doronin Bone marrow cell therapy after myocardial infarction : what have we learned from the clinical trials and where are we going? / Kai C. Wollert Evidence for the existence of resident cardiac stem cells / Isotta Chimenti ... [et al.] Multiple sources for cardiac stem cells and their cardiogenic potential / Antonio Paolo Beltrami, Daniela Cesselli, and Carlo Alberto Beltrami Skeletal muscle stem cells in the spotlight : the satellite cell / Zipora Yablonka-Reuveni and Kenneth Day Regenerating mechanical function in vivo with skeletal myoblasts / Todd K. Rosengart and Muath Bishawi Methods for inducing pluripotency / Raymond L. Page, Christopher Malcuit, and Tanja Dominko Inducible pluripotent stem cells for cardiac regeneration / Naama Zeevi-Levin and Joseph Itskovitz-Eldor Induced pluripotent cells for myocardial infarction repair / Timothy J. Nelson and Andre Terzic Substrates of cardiac reentrant arrhythmias : the possible role of tissue regeneration and replacement / André G. Kléber Integration of stem cells into the cardiac syncytium : formation of gap junctions / Peter R. Brink, Ira S. Cohen, and Richard T. Mathias Bradyarrhythmia therapies : the creation of biological pacemakers and restoring atrioventricular node function / Richard B. Robinson Tachyarrhythmia therapies : approaches to atrial fibrillation and postinfarction ventricular arrhythmias / J. Kevin Donahue and Kenneth R. Laurita Long-term prospects for arrhythmia treatment : advantages and limitations of gene and cell therapies / Michael R. Rosen Regenerating blood vessels / Tracy A. Gwyther and Marsha W. Rolle Regenerating heart valves / Benedikt Weber and Simon P. Hoerstrup Tissue engineering strategies for cardiac regeneration / Amandine F.G. Godier-Furnémont ... [et al.] Methods of cell delivery for cardiac repair / Sarah Fernandes and Hans Reinecke Tracking of stem cells in vivo / Yingli Fu and Dara L. Kraitchman Assessing regional mechanical function after stem cell delivery / Jacques P. Guyette and Glenn R. Gaudette. Front Matter....Pages i-xiv Introduction....Pages 1-3 Front Matter....Pages 5-5 Inducing Embryonic Stem Cells to Become Cardiomyocytes....Pages 7-24 Regenerating Function In Vivo with Myocytes Derived from Embryonic Stem Cells....Pages 25-36 Excitation–Contraction Coupling, Functional Properties, and Autonomic and Hormonal Regulation in Human Embryonic Stem Cell Derived Cardiomyocytes....Pages 37-52 Embryonic Stem Cell Derivatives for Cardiac Therapy: Advantages, Limitations, and Long-Term Prospects....Pages 53-66 Methods for Differentiation of Bone-Marrow-Derived Stem Cells into Myocytes....Pages 67-81 Homing, Survival, and Paracrine Effects of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells....Pages 83-109 Bone Marrow Cell Therapy After Myocardial Infarction: What have we Learned from the Clinical Trials and Where Are We Going?....Pages 111-129 Evidence for the Existence of Resident Cardiac Stem Cells....Pages 131-147 Multiple Sources for Cardiac Stem Cells and Their Cardiogenic Potential....Pages 149-171 Skeletal Muscle Stem Cells in the Spotlight: The Satellite Cell....Pages 173-200 Regenerating Mechanical Function In Vivo with Skeletal Myoblasts....Pages 201-217 Methods for Inducing Pluripotency....Pages 219-239 Inducible Pluripotent Stem Cells for Cardiac Regeneration....Pages 241-261 Induced Pluripotent Cells for Myocardial Infarction Repair....Pages 263-280 Front Matter....Pages 281-281 Substrates of Cardiac Reentrant Arrhythmias: The Possible Role of Tissue Regeneration and Replacement....Pages 283-300 Integration of Stem Cells into the Cardiac Syncytium: Formation of Gap Junctions....Pages 301-320 Bradyarrhythmia Therapies: The Creation of Biological Pacemakers and Restoring Atrioventricular Node Function....Pages 321-347 Tachyarrhythmia Therapies: Approaches to Atrial Fibrillation and Postinfarction Ventricular Arrhythmias....Pages 349-378 Long-Term Prospects for Arrhythmia Treatment: Advantages and Limitations of Gene and Cell Therapies....Pages 379-390 Front Matter....Pages 391-391 Regenerating Blood Vessels....Pages 393-402 Regenerating Heart Valves....Pages 403-442 Tissue Engineering Strategies for Cardiac Regeneration....Pages 443-475 Front Matter....Pages 477-477 Methods of Cell Delivery for Cardiac Repair....Pages 479-498 Tracking of Stem Cells In Vivo....Pages 499-521 Assessing Regional Mechanical Function After Stem Cell Delivery....Pages 523-542 Back Matter....Pages 543-556 Here, an array of talented researchers covers our current state of knowledge in this exciting field. Four sections cover applications of stem cell techniques to mechanical regeneration, electrical regeneration, cardiac tissues and in vivo stem cell therapies.