Regenerating Cultural Religious Heritage : Intercultural Dialogue on Places of Religion and Rituals

This book introduces important reflections on understanding the meaning of cultural-religious heritage in an international context and their relationship with issues of sustainability at the local community level. Through a holistic approach, the book charts new courses in analyzing different cultural policies and methods for preserving and enhancing cultural heritage. Stemming from an intercultural seminar promoted by the International Scientific Committee Places of Religion and Ritual (ICOMOS PRERICO) under the theme of “Reuse and regenerations of cultural-religious heritage in the world: Comparison among cultures,” the book examines the scientific diplomacy and cultural strategies promoted by countries in dialogue with the UN 2030 Agenda, as well as Agenda 21 for Culture. The book seeks to reinforce the value of local cultural policies for supporting and enhancing cultural-religious heritage through specific programs and collaborations in dialogue with government policies. This collection is relevant to scholars working in areas relating to cultural heritage, religious heritage, architectural restoration, protection of the local inheritances, law, and management of the cultural sites. Foreword Preface Acknowledgments About This Book Contents Structure of the Research: Intercultural Dialogue, Places of Religion and Rituals References Theoretical Approaches: Conservation, Regeneration, and Reuse Calling ‘Values’ by ‘Name’: Historical Analysis and Critical Discernment for the Interpretation and Regeneration of Underused Religious Heritage Introduction Context The Values-Based Approach The “Attribution” and the “Recognition” of Values Aims and Methodology Religious Heritage as “Living Heritage” Intrinsic, Inherent, or Immanent Values? The Resilience of Religious Heritage A Process-Centred Approach to the History of Values The ‘Names’ of the ‘Values’ Research Perspectives References Europe’s Living Religious Heritage: The Process Leading to FRH’s Biennial Conference 2021 and Its Statement on Living Religious Heritage and Continuous Use Introduction: Europe’s Religious Heritage Background Changing Heritage: Changing Approaches What is Living Heritage? Definition of Living Heritage according to the Living Heritage Approach The FRH 2021 Conference and the Working Groups on Living Heritage Final Words Draft statement of FRH’s Working Group on Continuous Use of Living Religious Heritage? The Definitions of Cultural Heritage and Living Heritage Need to be Broadened Continuity can be Interrupted and Renewed If Traditional Use Is No Longer Possible, Adaptive Reuse Should be Encouraged There Is a Plurality of Heritage Communities The Approaches of Living Heritage and Heritage Values are Complementary References Interreligious Dialogues: First Contacts of the Jewish Community in the Kumamoto’s Prefecture (Japan) During the Kofun Period Introduction Archaeology and Asian Culture Kofun Culture in Japan and the Jewish Traces Regeneration of Ancient Traditions Conclusions References Heritage Value of Religious Sites of Hinduism: Asian Linkages and Reuse for Cultural Regeneration Interfacing Heritage and Religion: The Perspective India’s Hindu Religious World Heritage Sites Hindu Religious World Heritage Sites outside of India The Riverfront Religious Heritage of Varanasi, an Example of Hinduism Heritage Values in Hinduism and SDGs Epilogue: From Perspective to Appeal References Need of Ethical Guidelines in Community-Based Conservation Consultations of Living Religious Heritage: An Indian Perspective Introduction to Ethics in Heritage Conservation Consultations Literature Review Conserving the Living Religious Heritage Heritage Communities and Their Plurality Ethics and Responsibility: Identifying Stakeholders Ethics for Risk and Harm Existing Approaches of Community Consultations Conclusion References “Between the Sword and the Cross”, Religiosity in the Spanish Colonial Fortifications: Case Study Fortifications of San Juan, Puerto Rico Introduction Summary on the Evolution of the Defenses of San Juan 16th to 20th Centuries English Attack: Sir Francis Drake and John Hawkins (1595) English Attack: George Clifford—Earl of Cumberland (1598) Dutch Attack: Baldwin Enrico (1625) Construction of the City Walls of San Juan The Defenses of San Juan During the Eighteenth Century British Attack: Sir Ralph Abercromby 1797 The Defenses de San Juan During the Nineteenth Century 1808–1898 Spanish-American War of 1898 Elements of Religiosity That Stand Out Within Military Architecture Elements of Religiosity That Will Stand Out Within the Garrison Conclusion References Visualizing the Great Catholic Contemporary Architecture in Latin America Introduction Chile: Nature, Church and Society Chilean Cathedrals of the Twentieth Century The Dioceses of 1840 The Dioceses of 1925 The Dioceses of 1928 and 1929 The Southward Expansion: 1939–55 The Splitting of the Central Dioceses: 1957–1965 The Last Cathedrals: 1983–2010 Conclusions References The Legacy of Franciscan Observance Convents in Portugal: Overview of Their Reuse Towards Sustainable Development Introduction Historical Framework: After the Dissolution of the Religious Orders Methods Results Case Studies and their Spatial Distribution The Ownership The State of Conservation The Reuse Thoughtful Reuse of Conventual Complexes as a Driver for Sustainable Development Conclusions References National Laws, Local Recommendations, and Legal Procedures Religious Monuments and Sites in Kosovo: Legal Framework Approach on Reuse and Regeneration Introduction Establishment of Cultural Heritage Institutions in Kosovo after 1999 Consolidation of Legal Framework on Cultural Heritage Religious Monuments and Sites—Categorization According to the Cultural Heritage Law Reuse and Regeneration in Kosovo Context Case Studies on Increasing Trends Towards Reuse and Regeneration—State’s Actions Case Study 1: Reconstruction of the Mosque within Prizren Fortress Case Study 2: The Demolition of the Catholic Church of “Guardian Angel” in Ferizaj and Rebuilding of a New Church Conclusion References The Role of Waqf for Preserving the Religious Buildings and the Morphology of the Islamic City Introduction Traditional Waqf System Definition and its Basic Rules Building Types of Waqf Actual Situation of Waqf and its Decay Waqf Theft Waqf Saving and Conservation Results and Recommendations References Legal Criteria for the Reuse of Religious Cultural Heritage in Mexico Introduction A Complex Beginning The Controversial 70’s On the Road to Balance References The Temple of Santiago Apostle in Nurio (Michoacán, Mexico): Risk Management as a Resilience Tool for the Conservation of Religious Heritage Introduction The P’urepecha Region of Mexico and Its Exceptional Value General Context An Exceptional Cultural Heritage An Unconsolidated Cultural Tourism System The Temple of Santiago Apostle in Nurio Michoacán (Mexico) Heritage Features Legal Framework Restoration and Protection in the Last Four Decades Nurio: An Exceptional Heritage Consumed by Fire Vulnerability and Patrimonialization in the P’urepecha Region: The Need to Foster Resilient Communities Fire as a Latent Threat and Irreversible Destructive Force for Religious Heritage Coordinated Work as an Effective Management Strategy Resilience as a Strategy to Anticipate and Mitigate Various Risks Conclusions References Projects and Best Practices In Search of a Vanishing Heritage: The Documentation Project of Oratorian Missionary Churches in Sri Lanka Introduction Oratorian Mission in Sri Lanka Global Significance of Oratorian Churches in Sri Lanka Documentation Process Community Involvement List of Surveyed Churches Observations and the Current States Church Models and Interior Elements Concluding Remarks References Assessing the Values for the Comprehensive Conservation of the Imam Reza Shrine Introduction A Brief History of the Razavi Shrine The Tangible and Intangible Heritage of Imam Reza Shrine Shrine’s Physical Body Rituals and Traditions Razavi Shrine Values Discussion: Conservation of the Values of the Imam Reza Shrine Conclusion References Revitalization of the Religious Sites of Tombouctou (Mosques and Mausoleums Listed as UNESCO World Heritage) Post Terrorism and Covid Crisis Introduction Religious Places and Their Place in the Life of Communities Mosques Old Mosques Sidi Yéhia Mosque Contemporary Mosques Mausoleum Factors Impacting the Cultural Heritage of Timbuktu Loss of Interest in Promoting Culture Lack of Political Will Weakening of the Social Fabric Environmental Degradation Misinterpretation of Modernism Exodus or Immigration Insecurity Conclusion References Conservation, Reuse and Regeneration of Religious Cultural Heritage: The Case of the Archaeological Site of Panama Viejo and the Historic District of Panama A Tale of Two Cities and Their Urbanism The Archaeological Site of Panama Viejo The Historic District of Panama Viejo The Archaeological Site vs. Historic District A Tale of Two Convents The Conceptionist Convent at the Archaeological Site of Panama Viejo The Conceptionist Convent at the Historic District of Panama Conclusions: Conservation, Reuse and Regeneration of the Conceptionist Convent in Panama Viejo and the Historic District References The Vicissitudes of Heritage Recognition and Valuation: The Case of Holy Week in Tunja (Colombia) Introduction Heritage in Exchange Code Heritage Enhancement Experiences and the Actors’ Game Circulation and Value in the Declarations and Inclusion in Representative Lists The Case of Holy Week in Tunja The Search for Recognition of the Manifestation The Staging of Heritage Inclusion Conclusions References The Restoration and Critical Reconstruction of Two Historic Mosques Severely Affected by Armed Conflict in Mosul (Iraq) Introduction Reconstruction Comparison Courtyards Dialogue A Place of Remembrance and Peacefulness Conclusions References The Role of Small Religious Landmarks Today and Tomorrow Introduction Small Religious Landmarks as a Category Small Religious Landmarks Unite Tangible, Intangible Values with Their Environment Connecting Individual Small Religious Landmarks for Regeneration and Sustainability Conclusion References