تأملاتی بر مدیریت: چگونه پروژه‌های نرم‌افزاری، تیم‌ها، رئیس و خود را مدیریت کنیم (سری سی‌ای در مهندسی نرم‌افزار)

“Whether you are in a startup or Fortune 500 company; are a developer, development manager, or CEO; use agile, lean, waterfall, or other methodology–if software and quality are important to you, you should read and pay attention to Watts’s reflections.” –Bill Ihrie, Former SVP & CTO, Intuit “You will enjoy this collection for its down to earth, accessible prose, its pragmatism, optimism, and, above all, Watts’s demonstration that software quality improvement is vitally important and very achievable.” –Aidan Waine, Information Solutions General Manager, Microsoft Entertainment & Devices Division “Watts has developed a real weapon for beating your competition: a reliable, repeatable way to create software that has excellent quality __and__ reduces the time to deliver it to your customer __and__ lowers the cost of the entire software life cycle __and__ improves employee morale. All at the same time!” –Michael J. Cullen, Vice President, Quality, Oracle Communications Global Business Unit **A Lifetime of Invaluable Management Insights from Legendary Software Quality Guru Watts S. Humphrey** In 1986, Watts S. Humphrey made an outrageous commitment: a promise to transform software development. As the pioneering innovator behind SEI’s Capability Maturity Model (CMM), Personal Software Process (PSP), and Team Software Process (TSP), Humphrey has more than met that promise. But his contributions go beyond methodology: For decades, his deeply personal writings on project management have been admired by software engineers worldwide. **__Reflections on Management__**brings together Humphrey’s best and most influential essays and articles-sharing insights that will be indispensable for anyone who must achieve superior results in software or any other endeavor. Collected here for the first time, these works offer compelling insights into everything from planning day-to-day work to improving quality, encouraging teamwork to becoming a truly great leader. All of these writings share a powerful vision, grounded by a life in software that has extended across nearly six decades. The vision is this: To succeed, professionals must effectively manage far more than plans, schedules, and code-they must manage teams, bosses, and above all, themselves. Addison Wesley - Reflections on Management (03-2010) (ATTiCA) 1 Contents 6 Preface 12 Prologue 16 About the Authors 20 PART I: MANAGING YOUR PROJECTS 22 Chapter 1 Committing to High Quality 24 1.1 The Software Quality Challenge 24 1.2 What Is Software Quality? 27 1.3 Defects Are Not “Bugs” 31 1.4 Quality Is a Journey That Never Ends 32 1.5 Start by Defining Your Goal 35 Sources 37 Chapter 2 Planning for High-Quality Projects 38 2.1 The Hardest Time to Make a Plan Is When You Need It Most 39 2.2 Make Two Kinds of Plans: Period and Product 41 2.3 Make Product Plans for Every Major Task 44 2.4 Review Detailed Plans with Your Management 46 2.5 Everyone Loses with Incompetent Planning 48 2.6 Plans Must Meet Five Basic Requirements 51 2.7 When You Can’t Plan Accurately, Plan Often 53 2.8 Plans Must Be Maintained 55 Sources 57 PART II: MANAGING YOUR TEAMS 58 Chapter 3 Elements of Effective Teams 60 3.1 Teams Commit to Common Goals 61 3.2 Teams Can Perform Better Than Individuals Do Alone 63 3.3 Teams Often Face Seven Common Problems 64 3.4 Four Reasons That Teams Fail 67 3.5 The Jelled Team 72 3.6 Four Things Effective Teams Need 73 3.7 Teams Develop Over Time 75 3.8 Three Elements of Team Communication 77 3.9 Forming-Storming-Norming-Performing 79 3.10 The Best Kind of Group 82 3.11 Teams Adopt Various Working Styles 86 3.12 Properties of Self-Directed Teams 90 Sources 96 Chapter 4 Being an Effective Team Member 98 4.1 Good Team Members Do Whatever Is Needed 99 4.2 Commitment Is an Ethic That Must Be Learned 100 4.3 A Goal Is Something You Want to Achieve 102 4.4 Every New Idea Starts as a Minority of One 104 4.5 All Team Members Should Contribute What They Know 105 4.6 Team-Building Requires Active Involvement of All Team Members 107 4.7 Good Negotiators Have an Effective Strategy 110 4.8 One Non-Participant Will Reduce Everyone’s Performance 113 4.9 Ask for Help and Offer Yours 115 Sources 116 Chapter 5 Leading and Coaching Your Teams 118 5.1 Leadership Makes the Greatest Difference 119 5.2 The Three Principal Motivators Are Fear, Greed, and Commitment 120 5.3 Making and Sustaining Commitments 125 5.4 Create a Sense of Urgency with Short-Term Goals 126 5.5 Involve the Entire Team When Selecting New Team Members 128 5.6 The Power of Coaching 130 5.7 Techniques for Getting All Team Members Involved 131 5.8 Put Teams to Work During the Storming Phase 144 5.9 Building the Management Team 146 5.10 The Essence of Rational Management 148 Sources 150 PART III: MANAGING YOUR BOSS 152 Chapter 6 Negotiating Your Projects and Defending Your Plans 154 6.1 Projects Get into Trouble at the Very Beginning 155 6.2 Keep Your Team Focused on Top Priorities 158 6.3 Always Make a Plan before Making Any Commitments 160 6.4 Teach Your Manager to Negotiate With You 164 6.5 Lean Really Is Mean 166 6.6 What to Do When a Project Is Doomed 167 6.7 Autocratic Bosses Demotivate Workers and Diminish Performance 171 6.8 Is Your Environment Autocratic? 174 6.9 Building a Case for Process Improvement 176 6.10 Making the Strategic Case for Process Improvement 182 6.11 Making the Tactical Case for Process Improvement 190 6.12 What Management Expects from a Team Leader 197 Sources 200 PART IV: MANAGING YOURSELF 202 Chapter 7 Taking Control of Your Work 204 7.1 A Defined Process Will Help You Improve 205 7.2 Be Your Own Boss, and Don’t Be a Victim 206 7.3 How to Improve the Quality of Your Work 207 7.4 The 18-Hour Work Week 209 7.5 Fight Phantom Issues in High-Pressure Projects 213 7.6 Support Staff Can Help You 215 7.7 The Logic of Time Management 217 7.8 Being Responsible Is about Ownership and Attitude 220 7.9 Delay Is Almost Always the Worst Alternative 223 7.10 Being Committed Is a State of Mind 225 7.11 Manage Commitments So You Don’t Forget Any or Run Out of Time 228 7.12 What Do You Want From Life? 230 7.13 Devote Yourself to Excellence 232 Sources 232 Chapter 8 Learning to Lead 234 8.1 How You Behave Affects Your Team 234 8.2 Leaders Set an Example for Their Teams 236 8.3 Learn to Avoid the Symptoms of Poor Leadership 238 8.4 Leadership Must Be Earned 241 8.5 Strive to Be a Transformational Leader 243 8.6 Leaders Are Made by Their Circumstances 245 8.7 Leading from Below 246 Sources 248 Epilogue: Software Engineers Are the Pioneers of Knowledge Work 250 Appendix: PSP, TSP, and CMMI 258 The Personal Software Process (PSP) 258 The Team Software Process (TSP) 260 CMM and CMMI 261 Bibliography 264 Index 266 A 266 B 266 C 266 D 268 E 268 F 269 G 269 H 270 I 270 J 270 K 270 L 271 M 272 N 273 O 273 P 273 Q 276 R 276 S 276 T 278 U 280 V 281 W 281 Z 281

“Whether you are in a startup or Fortune 500 company; are a developer, development manager, or CEO; use agile, lean, waterfall, or other methodology–if software and quality are important to you, you should read and pay attention to Watts’s reflections.”

–Bill Ihrie, Former SVP & CTO, Intuit

“You will enjoy this collection for its down to earth, accessible prose, its pragmatism, optimism, and, above all, Watts’s demonstration that software quality improvement is vitally important and very achievable.”

–Aidan Waine, Information Solutions General Manager, Microsoft Entertainment & Devices Division

“Watts has developed a real weapon for beating your competition: a reliable, repeatable way to create software that has excellent quality and reduces the time to deliver it to your customer and lowers the cost of the entire software life cycle and improves employee morale. All at the same time!”

–Michael J. Cullen, Vice President, Quality, Oracle Communications Global Business Unit

A Lifetime of Invaluable Management Insights from Legendary Software Quality Guru Watts S. Humphrey

In 1986, Watts S. Humphrey made an outrageous commitment: a promise to transform software development. As the pioneering innovator behind SEI’s Capability Maturity Model (CMM), Personal Software Process (PSP), and Team Software Process (TSP), Humphrey has more than met that promise. But his contributions go beyond methodology: For decades, his deeply personal writings on project management have been admired by software engineers worldwide.

Reflections on Managementbrings together Humphrey’s best and most influential essays and articles-sharing insights that will be indispensable for anyone who must achieve superior results in software or any other endeavor.

Collected here for the first time, these works offer compelling insights into everything from planning day-to-day work to improving quality, encouraging teamwork to becoming a truly great leader.

All of these writings share a powerful vision, grounded by a life in software that has extended across nearly six decades. The vision is this: To succeed, professionals must effectively manage far more than plans, schedules, and code-they must manage teams, bosses, and above all, themselves.

“Whether you are in a startup or Fortune 500 company; are a developer, development manager, or CEO; use agile, lean, waterfall, or other methodology–if software and quality are important to you, you should read and pay attention to Watts’s reflections.” –Bill Ihrie, Former SVP & CTO, Intuit “You will enjoy this collection for its down to earth, accessible prose, its pragmatism, optimism, and, above all, Watts’s demonstration that software quality improvement is vitally important and very achievable.” –Aidan Waine, Information Solutions General Manager, Microsoft Entertainment & Devices Division “Watts has developed a real weapon for beating your competition: a reliable, repeatable way to create software that has excellent quality and reduces the time to deliver it to your customer and lowers the cost of the entire software life cycle and improves employee morale. All at the same time!” –Michael J. Cullen, Vice President, Quality, Oracle Communications Global Business Unit A Lifetime of Invaluable Management Insights from Legendary Software Quality Guru Watts S. Humphrey In 1986, Watts S. Humphrey made an outrageous commitment: a promise to transform software development. As the pioneering innovator behind SEI’s Capability Maturity Model (CMM), Personal Software Process (PSP), and Team Software Process (TSP), Humphrey has more than met that promise. But his contributions go beyond methodology: For decades, his deeply personal writings on project management have been admired by software engineers worldwide. Reflections on Management brings together Humphrey’s best and most influential essays and articles-sharing insights that will be indispensable for anyone who must achieve superior results in software or any other endeavor. Collected here for the first time, these works offer compelling insights into everything from planning day-to-day work to improving quality, encouraging teamwork to becoming a truly great leader. All of these writings share a powerful vision, grounded by a life in software that has extended across nearly six decades. The vision is this: To succeed, professionals must effectively manage far more than plans, schedules, and code-they must manage teams, bosses, and above all, themselves. Whether you are in a startup or Fortune 500 company; are a developer, development manager, or CEO; use agile, lean, waterfall, or other methodologyif software and quality are important to you, you should read and pay attention to Wattss reflections. Bill Ihrie, Former SVP & CTO, Intuit You will enjoy this collection for its down to earth, accessible prose, its pragmatism, optimism, and, above all, Wattss demonstration that software quality improvement is vitally important and very achievable. Aidan Waine, Information Solutions General Manager, Microsoft Entertainment & Devices Division Watts has developed a real weapon for beating your a reliable, repeatable way to create software that has excellent quality and reduces the time to deliver it to your customer and lowers the cost of the entire software life cycle and improves employee morale. All at the same time! Michael J. Cullen, Vice President, Quality, Oracle Communications Global Business Unit A Lifetime of Invaluable Management Insights from Legendary Software Quality Guru Watts S. Humphrey In 1986, Watts S. Humphrey made an outrageous a promise to transform software development. As the pioneering innovator behind SEIs Capability Maturity Model (CMM), Personal Software Process (PSP), and Team Software Process (TSP), Humphrey has more than met that promise. But his contributions go beyond For decades, his deeply personal writings on project management have been admired by software engineers worldwide. Reflections on Management brings together Humphreys best and most influential essays and articles sharing insights that will be indispensable for anyone who must achieve superior results in software or any other endeavor. Collected here for the first time, these works offer compelling insights into everything from planning day-to-day work to improving quality, encouraging teamwork to becoming a truly great leader. All of these writings share a powerful vision, grounded by a life in software that has extended across nearly six decades. The vision is To succeed, professionals must effectively manage far more than plans, schedules, and code they must manage teams, bosses, and above all, themselves. A Lifetime of Invaluable Management Insights from Legendary Software Quality Guru Watts S. Humphrey In 1986, Watts S. Humphrey made an outrageous commitment: a promise to transform software development. As the pioneering innovator behind SEI's Capability Maturity Model (CMM), Personal Software Process (PSP), and Team Software Process (TSP), Humphrey has more than met that promise. But his contributions go beyond methodology: For decades, his deeply personal writings on project management have been admired by software engineers worldwide. Reflections on Management brings together Humphrey's best and most influential essays and articles--sharing insights that will be indispensable for anyone who must achieve superior results in software or any other endeavor. Collected here for the first time, these works offer compelling insights into everything from planning day-to-day work to improving quality, encouraging teamwork to becoming a truly great leader. All of these writings share a powerful vision, grounded by a life in software that has extended across nearly six decades. The vision is this: To succeed, professionals must effectively manage for more than plans, schedules, and code--they must manage teams, bosses, and above all, themselves.