Reflect & Relate: An Introduction to Interpersonal Communication, 5th Edition

About this Book Cover Page Inside Front Cover Making Relationship Choices videos take communication to the next level Accessibility Title Page Copyright Page Reflect & Relate, Sixth Edition, connects to the learning outcomes of the National Communication Association (NCA) Preface Brief Contents Contents The Editorial Board The Authors Chapter 1 Introducing Interpersonal Communication What Is Communication? Defining Communication Understanding Communication Models What Is Interpersonal Communication? Defining Interpersonal Communication Principles of Interpersonal Communication Motives for Interpersonal Communication What Is Interpersonal Communication Competence? Understanding Competence Improving Your Mediated Communication Competence Issues in Interpersonal Communication Culture Focus on Culture: What Does Culture Mean to You? Gender and Sexual Orientation Technologically Mediated Communication Challenging Issues in Interpersonal Relationships The Journey Ahead Making Relationship Choices: Dealing with a Difficult Friend Chapter Review Key Terms Key Concepts Chapter 2 Considering Self The Components of Self Self-Awareness Self-Concept Self-Esteem Focus on Culture: How Does the Media Shape Your Self-Esteem? The Sources of Self Gender and Self Family and Self Culture and Self Communicating Your Self Maintaining Your Public Self Disclosing Your Private Self The Relational Self Competently Disclosing Your Self The Social Media Self Self-Presentation on Social Media Evaluating Social Media Self-Presentations Improving Your Social Media Self-Presentation Improving Your Self Making Relationship Choices: Workplace Self-Disclosure Chapter Review Key Terms Key Concepts Chapter 3 Perceiving Others Perception as a Process Selecting Information Organizing the Information You’ve Selected Interpreting the Information Reducing Uncertainty Influences on Perception Perception and Culture Perception and Gender Perception and Personality Forming Impressions of Others Constructing Gestalts Calculating Algebraic Impressions Stereotyping Focus on Culture: Intersectional Stereotyping and U.S. Folk Music Improving Your Perception Offering Empathy Checking Your Perception Practicing Responsible Perception Making Relationship Choices: Balancing Impressions and Empathy Chapter Review Key Terms Key Concepts Chapter 4 Experiencing and Expressing Emotions The Nature of Emotion Defining Emotion Feelings and Moods Focus on Culture: Happiness across Cultures Types of Emotions Forces Shaping Emotion Personality Gender Managing Your Emotional Experience and Expression Emotional Intelligence Managing Emotions after They Occur Preventing Emotions before They Occur Reappraising Emotions while They Occur Emotional Challenges Anger Text-Based Online Communication and Empathy Deficits Passion Grief Living a Happy Emotional Life Making Relationship Choices: Managing Anger and Providing Support Chapter Review Key Terms Key Concepts Chapter 5 Understanding Culture Understanding Culture Culture Defined Co-Cultures Co-Cultures and Communication Focus on Culture: Is Social Media a Cultural Divide? Prejudice Cultural Influences on Communication Individualism Versus Collectivism Uncertainty Avoidance Power Distance High and Low Context Emotion Displays Masculinity Versus Femininity Views of Time Creating Intercultural Competence World-Mindedness Attributional Complexity Communication Accommodation Dismantling Divisions Making Relationship Choices: Parent—Child Culture Clash Chapter Review Key Terms Key Concepts Chapter 6 Understanding Gender Understanding Gender Gender is Distinct from Sex and Gender Identity Gender is Learned Gender is Socially Constructed Doing Gender Considering Gender Roles Gender and Communication Focus on Culture: Gender Equity and Health Gender and Verbal Communication Gender and Nonverbal Communication Gender and Relationships Friendships Romantic Relationships Reflecting on Gender in Our Relationships Moving Beyond Gender Stereotypes Making Relationship Choices: Supporting a Gender-Nonconforming Friend Chapter Review Key Terms Key Concepts Chapter 7 Listening Actively Listening: A Five-Step Process Receiving Attending Understanding Responding Recalling The Five Functions of Listening Listening to Comprehend Listening to Discern Listening to Analyze Listening to Appreciate Focus on Culture: The Therapeutic Power of Listening to Music Listening to Support Adapting Your Listening Purpose Listening Functions and Mediated Listening Understanding Listening Styles Four Listening Styles Gender and Listening Culture and Listening Improving Listening Competence Selective Listening Eavesdropping Pseudo-Listening Aggressive Listening Narcissistic Listening The Gift of Active Listening Making Relationship Choices: Listening When You Don’t Want To Chapter Review Key Terms Key Concepts Chapter 8 Communicating Verbally Describing Verbal Communication Language is Symbolic Language is Governed by Rules Language is Flexible Language is Cultural Language Evolves Functions of Verbal Communication Sharing Meaning Shaping Thought Naming Focus on Culture: Adopting Gender-Inclusive Language Performing Actions Crafting Conversations Managing Relationships Cooperative Verbal Communication Understandable Messages Using “I” Language Using “We” Language Barriers to Cooperative Verbal Communication Verbal Aggression Deception Defensive Communication Communication Apprehension The Power of Verbal Communication Making Relationship Choices: Dealing with Difficult Truths Chapter Review Key Terms Key Concepts Chapter 9 Communicating Nonverbally Describing Nonverbal Communicationn Nonverbal Communication Differs from Verbal Communication Nonverbal Communication is Influenced by Culture Nonverbal Communication is Influenced by Gender Nonverbal Communication is Liberated and Challenged by Technology Nonverbal Communication Codes Communicating through Body Movements Communicating through Voice Communicating through Touch Focus on Culture: Touch and Distance Communicating through Personal Space Communicating through Physical Appearance Communicating through Objects Communicating through the Environment Functions of Nonverbal Communication Expressing Emotion Conveying Meanings Presenting Self Managing Interactions Defining Intimacy Competently Managing Your Nonverbal Communication Making Relationship Choices: Dealing with Mixed Messages Chapter Review Key Terms Key Concepts Chapter 10 Managing Conflict and Power Conflict and Interpersonal Communication What is Conflict? Conflict in Relationships Power and Conflict Power’s Defining Characteristics Power Currencies Power and Gender Handling Conflict Approaches to Handling Conflict Culture and Handling Conflict Focus on Culture: Accommodation and Radical Pacifism Handling Text-Based Conflict Conflict Endings Short-Term Conflict Resolutions Long-Term Conflict Outcomes Challenges to Handling Conflict Self-Enhancing Thoughts Destructive Messages Serial Arguments Physical Violence Unsolvable Disputes Managing Conflict and Power Making Relationship Choices: Dealing with Family Conflict Chapter Review Key Terms Key Concepts Chapter 11 Relationships with Romantic Partners Defining Romantic Relationships Liking and Loving Different Types of Romantic Love Key Elements of Romantic Relationships Romantic Attraction Proximity Physical Attractiveness Similarity Reciprocal Liking Resources Technology and Romantic Attraction Focus on Culture: Romance and People with Disabilities in Pop Culture Relationship Development and Deterioration Coming Together Coming Apart Maintaining Romantic Relationships Maintenance Strategies Maintaining Romance Across Distance Deciding Whether to Maintain Romantic Relationship Challenges Betrayal Jealousy Relational Intrusion Intimate Violence The Hard Work of Successful Love Making Relationship Choices: Managing Jealousy about a Partner’s Ex Chapter Review Key Terms Key Concepts Chapter 12 Relationships with Family Members Defining Family Defining Characteristics of Family Types of Families Family Stories Communicating in Families Communication Dimensions Family Communication Patterns Maintaining Family Relationships Maintenance Strategies for Families Technology and Family Maintenance Dealing with Family Dialectics Focus on Culture: Autonomy and Connection: Helicopter and Snowplow Parents Family Relationship Challenges Stepfamily Transition Parental Favoritism Interparental Conflict The Primacy of Family Making Relationships Choices: Struggling with Family Transitions Chapter Review Key Terms Key Concepts Chapter 13 Relationships with Friends The Nature of Friendship Friendship Defined Friendship Functions Friendship Across the Life Span Friendship, Culture, and Gender Friendship and Technology Focus on Culture: Broadening Diversity of Friends through Social Media Types of Friendships Best Friends Active, Dormant, and Commemorative Friends Maintaining Friendships Following Friendship Rules Maintenance Strategies for Friends Friendship Challenges Betrayal Geographic Separation Attraction: Romance and FWB Relationships The Importance of Friends Making Relationship Choices: Choosing between Friends Chapter Review Key Terms Key Concepts Chapter 14 Relationships in the Workplace The Nature of Workplace Relationships The Culture of the Workplace Networks in the Workplace Organizational Climates Technology in the Workplace Peer Relationships Types of Peer Relationships Maintaining Peer Relationships Mixed-Status Relationships Managing Up Communicating with Employees Focus on Culture: The Model Minority Myth Challenges to Workplace Relationships Workplace Bullying Workplace Romances Sexual Harassment Workplace Relationships and Human Happiness Making Relationship Choices: Dealing with Workplace Abuse Chapter Review Key Terms Key Concepts Glossary References Name Index Subject Index Notes Extended Descriptions The front cover of the book book Reflect & Relate, Sixth Edition, Steven McCornack and Kelly Morrison. A photo shows six women dancing together on a circular glass platform, with forested mountains in the background. A photo shows Supreme Court justices Ruth Bader Ginsburg and Antonin Scalia standing together as part of a large audience. Interpersonal communication is the bridge that connects us to others. A photo shows a family (mother, father, son, and daughter) gathered around a dining-room table in a clean, modern, and spacious apartment. A bowl filled with fruit is on the table Figure 1.1 Communication Technologies Used by U.S. Young Adults, Ages 18 to 29 A screenshot from a LaunchPad video shows two women standing and facing each other Figure 1.2 Linear Model of Communication Figure 1.3 Interactive Model of Communication Figure 1.4 Transactional Model of Communication When we interpersonally communicate, we forge meaningful bonds with others. A photo shows three women buying produce in a large indoor market A photo shows a man and woman sitting on a sofa A collage of four photos in a 2-by-2 grid. Each photo focuses on 2 people doing something together By deepening your self-understanding, you can begin to clarify your thoughts and feelings about your self. A screenshot from a LaunchPad video shows two young men talking by a water cooler A screenshot from a LaunchPad video shows two women in a room with a row of folding chairs Figure 2.1 Low Self-Esteem: A Vicious Cycle A photo shows a young woman sitting on a ledge and taking a picture Three photos illustrate the concepts of gender, family, and culture Figure 2.2 Avoidance and Anxiety in Attachment Styles Two photos show athletes engaging in a political protest A photo shows Rick Welts kneeling on one knee and holding a basketball A movie still shows a young woman putting her hand on the shoulder of an older woman, as if comforting her Figure 2.3 The Layers of Self Figure 2.4 The Johari Window A photo shows a man holding a metal implement A photo shows President Barack Obama sitting in a chair We rely on perception constantly to make sense of everything and everyone in our environment. Figure 3.1 The Process of Perception A screenshot from a LaunchPad video shows two young men sitting on a sofa with an older man leaning on the back of the sofa behind them A photo shows a young woman sitting at a desk with other people in an office setting Three photos illustrate learning about people by observing them, by asking about them, or by interacting with them directly A photo shows four people on a sailboat, leaning on a boom An illustration shows six cartoon characters standing side by side Two photos of Malcolm X A photo shows two young women sitting together on a sofa Figure 4.1 The Flow of Emotions, Feelings, and Moods A photo shows a man exercising Four photos of people’s faces in circular frames, arranged in a row, Two photos express human emotions A still from Bridesmaids shows six women walking down a corridor A photo shows a little girl sitting at a table with a marshmallow on a plate in front of her A photo shows a young man and a young woman standing in a kitchen, facing each other Two photos, placed side by side, show people sitting next to each other A photo shows a woman dressed in a sari kneeling next to the outstretched arm of a person who is not visible in the photo A screenshot from a LaunchPad video shows two women sitting on a sofa and holding coffee mugs We create joy—through every decision we make and every thought, word, and deed. A grid of 4 photos illustrates 4 different cultural traditions A photo shows an elderly white woman standing next to a young black man who has his right arm around her shoulders A screengrab from a LaunchPad video shows a young man and two young women in a living room Two photos side by side illustrate the difference between individualistic and collectivistic cultures Figure 5.1 Power Distance across Countries Figure 5.2, “Comparing Masculine and Feminine Cultural Values in the United States and Sweden,” consists of a bar graph and a table A still from a movie shows Clint Eastwood standing around a food-laden table with 3 Asian people—a middle-aged man and woman, and a young woman A photo shows two images of “Merida” side by side Three side-by-side photos of notable transgender people show, left to right, Jazz Jennings, Danica Roem, and Kylar Broadus A photo shows a large gift box on a lawn of green grass A photo shows a sign for a restroom that is open for everyone, regardless of gender A photo shows a poster or space ad for the documentary movie The Mask You Live In A photo shows Tatyana Fazlalizadeh standing A photo shows the head and chest of Orlando Cruz with his arms raised in a boxing pose A photo shows a bookstore-type display of books by John Gray In what ways have you moved past gender stereotypes, both in yourself and in your relationships with others? Listening is our most primal and primary communication skill. A photo shows Marlee Matlin speaking and using sign language A photo shows an elderly woman sitting in a chair and looking at photos Two side-by-side photos illustrate the difference between dramatic expressiveness and quiet meditation during religious ceremonies An illustration from a Winnie-the-Pooh book includes many of the main characters A photo shows David Oyelowo and Ava DuVernay in an outdoor setting A still from the T V sitcom Schitt’s Creek shows Mayor Roland Schitt and a woman standing side by side Verbal communication opens doorways to shared understanding, intimacy, and enduring relationships. A poster shows a portrait painting of a bald man with a full beard and a mustache, wearing spectacles Figure 8.1 Regional Dialects in the United States A photo shows an older Muhammad Ali holding a torch on a stage A photo shows two women standing side by side and talking in a Middle Eastern market Figure 8.2 Conversational Pattern A photo shows what appears to be an African scene with 4 young boys and a man in an open area with a tree A still from a movie shows a middle-aged man talking on a mobile phone Nonverbal communication powerfully shapes others’ perceptions of you. We often deduce more meaning from people’s nonverbal rather than verbal communication. A photo shows a young man sitting on a sofa and looking at a laptop on a coffee table in front of him A photo shows Tyra Banks sitting with a group of other people A photo shows an infant and a woman swimming underwater A screen shot from a LaunchPad video shows two women sitting side by side on a padded bench A photo shows T-Pain onstage with a man holding a mic A photo shows a closeup of a circular card held face-up in the palms of two hands A screen shot from a LaunchPad video shows a young man and a young woman sitting in a row of chairs with an empty chair between them Figure 9.1 Physical Distance in Communication A photo shows a young woman and a young man standing in a store A photo shows Marie Kondo sitting on the floor in a living room A photo shows Brandi Chastain kneeling on turf and shouting A photo shows two young men in a parklike setting Romantic love may not be essential to life, but it may be essential to joy. A still from the movie Carol shows the characters Carol and Therese sitting together on the floor, in a living room A photo shows six women dancing together on a circular glass platform, with forested mountains in the background A photo shows three brothers clowning around together A photo shows a young man and two toddlers sitting on a lawn covered with fallen leaves A screenshot from a video clip shows three men sitting around a table and playing cards A still from the animated movie Avatar: The Last Airbender shows five cartoon characters on a section of the Great Wall of China Two stills from two different movies illustrate relationships between two friends In workplace relationships, the professional is profoundly personal. A photo shows a man and a woman in an office, both wearing pajamas A photo shows a top view of a woman seated at a wooden table A still from the T V series Superstore shows a young woman and young man in a supermarket Three photos show different people expressing their opinion in different platforms A photo shows Supreme Court justices Ruth Bader Ginsburg and Antonin Scalia standing together as part of a large audience Videos in LaunchPad