Reel Patriotism: The Movies and World War I (Wisconsin Studies in Film)

Mixing film history with social history, Reel Patriotism examines the role played by the American film industry during World War I and the effects of the industry’s pragmatic patriotism in the decade following the war. Looking at such films as Joan the Woman and Wings and at the war-time activities of Mary Pickford and Charlie Chaplin, film distributors, including George Kleine, and the National Association of the Motion Picture Industry, this book shows how heavily publicized gestures of patriotism benefited the reputation and profits of the movie business. Leslie Midkiff DeBauche shows how the United States government’s need to garner public support for the war, conserve food, raise money, and enlist soldiers was met by the film industry. Throughout the nineteen months of American involvement in World War I, film studios supported the war effort through the production of short instructional films, public speaking activities of movie stars, the civic forum provided by movie theaters, and the National Association of the Motion Picture Industry’s provision of administrative personnel to work directly with government agencies. While feature films about the war itself never dominated the release schedules of film distributors, they did become a staple film industry offering throughout the late 1910s and 1920s. The film industry had much to gain, DeBauche demonstrates, from working closely with the U.S. government. Though the war posed a direct challenge to the conduct of business as usual, the industry successfully weathered the war years. After the war, film producers, distributors, and exhibitors were able to capitalize on the good will of the movie-goer and the government that the industry’s war work created. It provided a buffer against national censorship when movie stars became embroiled in scandal, and it served as a selling point in the 1920s when major film companies began to trade their stock on Wall Street. Mixing Film History With Social History, Reel Patriotism Examines The Role Played By The American Film Industry During World War I And The Effects Of The Industry's Pragmatic Patriotism In The Decade Following The War. Looking At Such Films As Joan The Woman And Wings And At The War-time Activities Of Mary Pickford And Charlie Chaplin, Film Distributors (particularly George Kleine), And The National Association Of The Motion Picture Industry, This Book Shows How Heavily Publicized Gestures Of Patriotism Benefited The Reputation And Profits Of The Movie Business. Leslie Midkiff Debauche Analyzes How The United States Government's Need To Garner Public Support For The War, Conserve Food, Raise Money, And Enlist Soldiers Was Met By The Film Industry. Throughout The Nineteen Months Of American Involvement In World War I, Film Studios Supported The War Effort Through The Production Of Short Instructional Films, Public Speaking Activities Of Movie Stars, The Civic Forum Provided By Movie Theaters, And The National Association Of The Motion Picture Industry's Provision Of Administrative Personnel To Work Directly With Government Agencies. While Feature Films About The War Itself Never Dominated The Release Schedules Of Film Distributors, They Did Become A Staple Film Industry Offering Throughout The Late 1910s And 1920s. The Film Industry Had Much To Gain, Debauche Demonstrates, From Working Closely With The U.s. Government. Though The War Posed A Direct Challenge To The Conduct Of Business As Usual, The Industry Successfully Weathered The War Years. After The War, Film Producers, Distributors, And Exhibitors Were Able To Capitalize On The Good Will Of The Movie-goer And The Government That The Industry's War Work Created. It Provided A Buffer Against National Censorship When Movie Stars Became Embroiled In Scandal, And It Served As A Selling Point In The 1920s When Major Film Companies Began To Trade Their Stock On Wall Street. The U.s. Film Industry And The Coming Of War, 1914-1917 -- The Films Of World War I, 1917-1918 -- Programming Theaters And Exhibiting Movies In Wartime -- The Film Industry And Government Propaganda On The Homefront -- The U.s. Film Industry At The End Of World War I -- The War Film In The 1920s -- Conclusion: Practical Patriotism. Leslie Midkiff Debauche. Revision Of The Author's Thesis Presented At The University Of Wisconsin-madison. Includes Bibliographical References And Index. CONTENTS......Page 8 Illustrations......Page 10 Acknowledgments......Page 12 Introduction......Page 16 1 The U.S. Film Industry and the Coming of War, 1914–1917 ......Page 22 2 The Films of World War I, 1917–1918......Page 54 3 Programming Theaters and Exhibiting Movies in Wartime......Page 94 4 The Film Industry and Government Propaganda on the Homefront......Page 123 5 The U.S. Film Industry at the End of World War I......Page 156 6 The War Film in the 1920s......Page 178 7 Conclusion: Practical Patriotism......Page 214 Notes......Page 220 Selected Bibliography......Page 253 Index......Page 259 University of Wisconsin Press CONTENTS 8 Illustrations 10 Acknowledgments 12 Introduction 16 1 The U.S. Film Industry and the Coming of War, 1914–1917 22 2 The Films of World War I, 1917–1918 54 3 Programming Theaters and Exhibiting Movies in Wartime 94 4 The Film Industry and Government Propaganda on the Homefront 123 5 The U.S. Film Industry at the End of World War I 156 6 The War Film in the 1920s 178 7 Conclusion: Practical Patriotism 214 Notes 220 Selected Bibliography 253 Index 259 ISBN-13:,9780299154042