Red Guard Factionalism And The Cultural Revolution In Guangzhou (canton) (Westview Replica Edition)

When the Chinese Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution (GPCR) of the middle and late 1960s burst forth, the initial response both in China and the West seemed primarily to be one of mystification. The spectacle of severe splits among leaders long thought to be compatible, of armed struggles between factional units whose uniform pledges to Chairman Mao and the Party Center appeared to make their similarities greater than their differences, and of destructive Red Guards who were bent on "tearing down the old world to build a new one" was at first difficult to explain. Cover 1 Half Title 2 Title 6 Copyright 7 Dedication 8 Contents 10 List of Abbreviations 12 List of Tables, Figures, and Maps 14 Acknowledgments 16 INTRODUCTION 18 A Word on Sources 23 PART 1: STUDENTS AND SCHOOLS, 1960-1966 26 1 MISSION AND STRUCTURE OF THE EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM 28 Criteria for University Recruitment 29 The Middle School Structure in Guangzhou 34 Changing Trends in "Class Composition" in the 1960s 42 Middle School Administrators and University Promotion Rates 50 University Enrollment, 1960-1966: Changing Patterns 62 Conclusion 75 2 STUDENT RELATIONSHIPS PRIOR TO THE CULTURAL REVOLUTION 84 Before and After the Class Line Policy 85 The Advantages of Children of Cadres 94 Political Movements 98 School Differences 107 Conclusion 109 PART 2: THE CULTURAL REVOLUTION 112 3 THE CULTURAL REVOLUTION IN GUANGZHOU: THE INITIAL DIVISION INTO FACTIONS (JUNE 1966-APRIL 1967) 118 June to August in Guangzhou: Mixed Signals 119 The Rise of the Rebels in Guangzhou's Middle Schools 140 The Power Seizure Period and its Role in the Development of Factionalism 148 The Factional Situation as of Late April 1967 161 4 MIDDLE SCHOOL FACTIONALISM IN GUANGZHOU: THE INDIVIDUAL PERSPECTIVE 164 Social Background Characteristics of Rebel Leaders 174 5 MIDDLE SCHOOL FACTIONALISM IN GUANGZHOU: THE SCHOOL PERSPECTIVE 184 True Elite Schools 185 The Good Schools 194 Ordinary Schools 207 Poor Schools 208 Conclusion 211 6 THE CULTURAL REVOLUTION WINDS DOWN: REBELS AND CONSERVATIVES IN GUANGZHOU AFTER APRIL 1967 214 Factional Divisions: May 1967 to Late March 1968 215 Issues Dividing Guangzhou's Middle School Students 238 The Formation of Revolutionary Committees in the Middle-Schools: the Beginning of the End for the Rebels 250 The Last Hurrah and the Final Demobilization 255 7 EPILOGUE 264 The Structure of Education Today 266 Notes 274 Bibliography 326 Index 334 This book examines the causes of factionalism within China's Red Guard during the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution. It analyzes internal divisions within the rebel faction, showing the social bases for membership in the various subfactions. Stanley Rosen. Includes Index. Bibliography: P. 309-315.