Red flag over Afghanistan : the Communist coup, the Soviet invasion, and the consequences

Thomas T. Hammond. Includes Index. Bibliography: P. 241-252. OVER AFGHANISTAN Contents Figures Preface Introduction THE LAND AND THE PEOPLE BRITISH-RÜSSIAN RIVALRY NOTES King Amanullah and the First Soviet Invasions of Afghanistan AMANULLAH’S INITIAL RELATIONS WITH SOVIET RUSSIA Soviet Mistreatment of Its Muslims Afghan-Soviet Treaty of 1921 THE FIRST SOVIET INVASION THE REBELLION AGAINST AMANULLAH The Soviet Reaction THE SECOND SOVIET INVASION THE THIRD INVASION NOTES Afghanistan and the Great Powers After World War II THE PÜSHTÜNISTAN ISSUE SOVIET AID TO AFGHANISTAN as. POLICIES TOWARD AFGHANISTAN NOTES The King and the Communists KING ZAHIR AND PRIME MINISTER DAOUD THE PDPA AND ITS FOUNDERS Nur Mohammad Taraki Hafizullah Amin Babrak Karmal The Newspaper Khalq THE PDPA SPLITS INTO KHALQ AND PARCHAM NOTES Daoud as President, 1973-1978 DAOUD OUSTS KING ZAHIR DAOÜD AND PARCHAM DAOUD CHANGES HIS FOREIGN POLICIES SOVIET ATTITUDES TOWARD DAOUD NOTES The Communists Seize Power KHALQ AND PARCHAM UNITE THE COMMUNISTS PLAN TO SEIZE POWER THE COUP BASIC FACTS ABOUT THE COUP NOTES The Communist Regime, Russia, and the United States COMPOSITION OF THE NEW GOVERNMENT THE REGIME CLAIMS IT IS NONALIGNED AND NONCOMMÜNIST The Regime Shows It Is Aligned and Communist THE MODERATE POLICY OF THE UNITED STATES TOWARD THE NEW REGIME NOTES The Communists Drive the People to Rebellion ARRESTS AND PURGES THE COMMUNIST REFORM PROGRAM Land Reform Other Reforms PREACHING ATHEISM VIOLATIONS OF HUMAN RIGHTS THE PEOPLE RISE (IP IN REBELLION NOTES Moscow’s Dissatisfaction with Amin and His Policies THE USSR’S ROLE IN AFGHAN POLICIES THE SOVIETS BLAME AMIN NOTES The Shootout in the People’s Palace; Amin Rules Alone, September-December 1979 AMIN OUSTS TARAKI AMIN’S RELATIONS WITH MOSCOW AMIN’S TALKS WITH Ü.S. OFFICIALS AMIN TRIES TO STRENGTHEN HIS POSITION NOTES The Soviet Invasion MOSCOW MAKES ITS MOVES MOSCOW’S PROPAGANDA BUNGLES THE ROLE OF SOVIET CENTRAL ASIANS NOTES The Carter Administration and the Soviet Invasion THE SURPRISE INVASION AMERICAN POLICIES PRIOR TO THE INVASION Vance and Shulman vs. Brzezinski Brzezinski Says Vance Opposed Firmness Public Statements on Afghanistan Private Warnings to the Soviets Interpreting Soviet Intentions Factors Influencing the Administration Comparisons with Hungary and Czechoslovakia Why U.S. Protests Were Ineffective SALT II and Afghanistan Carter Defends Himself Cautious Intelligence Chiefs What Carter Might Have Done AMERICAN POLICIES AFTER THE INVASION Carter Gets Mad Vance and Brzezinski Agree The Carter Doctrine Sanctions Against the Soviets NOTES Why the Soviets Invaded Afghanistan WHAT’S NEW ABOUT THE INVASION? REASONS FOR THE INVASION The Inviolability of the Soviet Empire Fears of Muslim Fanaticism "Defensive Aggression" Tsarist and Soviet Expansion The “Tar Baby” Syndrome How the Soviets Expected the World To React The Deterioration of Détente The Influence of the Generals Fear of China Natural Resources NOTES Babrak Attempts to Sovietize Afghanistan BABRAK’S NEW PROGRAM BABRAK FAILS TO WIN POPULAR SUPPORT SOVIETIZATION NOTES The National Liberation Struggle THE RESISTANCE MOVEMENT INTENSIFIES THE IMPORTANCE OF PAKISTAN AND IRAN THE PROBLEM OF OBTAINING ARMS REBEL FANATICISM THE DISINTEGRATION OF THE AFGHAN ARMY SOVIET TACTICS IN AFGHANISTAN Soviet Use of Chemical Weapons Misbehavior by Soviet Troops RESISTANCE ACTIVITIES IN 1981 REPORTS BY WESTERN JOURNALISTS RUTHLESS SOVIET ATTACKS NOTES Soviet Losses and Gains from the Invasion LOSSES The End of Détente American Rearmament A Blow to Soviet Prestige Unpopularity at Home GAINS An Improved Geostrategic Position Combat Experience and Testing of Weapons Access to Afghan Minerals NOTES What Will the Soviets Do in the Future? OPTIMISM ABOUT A SOVIET PULLOUT SOVIET ALTERNATIVES IN AFGHANISTAN PROSPECTS CINDER ANDROPOV NOTES Possible Soviet Moves in the Gulf Area THE THREAT OF SOVIET OIL BLACKMAIL POSSIBLE SOVIET SCENARIOS NOTES What Should the United States Do About Afghanistan? SEND AID TO THE REBELS AND THE REFUGEES The Soviet Threat to Pakistan Ways To Strengthen Pakistan Aid Through Iran DON’T FORGIVE AND FORGET STRENGTHEN THE Ü.S. POSITION IN THE GULF TRY TO PREVENT FUTURE COMMUNIST TAKEOVERS NOTES Constitution of the People’s Democratic Party of Afghanistan Bibliography Index