Red book : 2018-2021 report of the Committee on Infectious Diseases

Extending an 8-decade tradition of excellence, Red Book® provides the most reliable and clinically useful information on the manifestations, etiology, epidemiology, diagnosis and treatment of more than 200 childhood infectious diseases . The 31st edition provides evidence-based guidance to practicing clinicians on pediatric infections and vaccinations based on the recommendations of the committee as well as the combined expertise of the CDC, the FDA, and hundreds physician contributors. New in Red Book 2018: All chapters were assessed for relevance given the dynamic environment in pediatric medicine today and every chapter has been modified since the last edition 3 new chapters added (Chikungunya, Coagulase-Negative Staphylococcal Infections, and Zika). Standardized approaches to disease prevention through immunizations, antimicrobial prophylaxis, and infection-control practices have been updated throughout Recommendations for the use of doxycycline have been liberalized. References to evidence-based policy recommendations have been recommended Appropriate chapters have been updated to be consistent with 2018 AAP and CDC vaccine recommendations, CDC recommendations for immunization of health care personnel, and drug recommendations from 2018 Nelson's Pediatric Antimicrobial Therapy. Red Book® is an indispensable reference for pediatricians and pediatric infectious disease specialists and is useful for family medicine and emergency medicine physicians as well. Public health and school health professionals, medical residents, and students also will find it a high-yield source of pediatric infectious disease and vaccine information. Preface Introduction Table of Contents Summary of Major Changes in the 2018 Red Book Section 1: Active and Passive Immunization Prologue Sources of Information About Immunization Discussing Vaccines With Patients and Parents Addressing Parents’ Questions About Vaccine Safety and Effectiveness Common Misconceptions About Immunizations and the Institute of Medicine Findings Resources for Optimizing Communications With Parents About Vaccines Parental Refusal of Immunizations Active Immunization Vaccine Ingredients Vaccine Handling and Storage Vaccine Administration Managing Injection Pain Timing of Vaccines and the Immunization Schedule Minimum Ages and Minimum Intervals Between Vaccine Doses Interchangeability of Vaccine Products Simultaneous Administration of Multiple Vaccines Combination Vaccines Lapsed Immunizations Unknown or Uncertain Immunization Status Vaccine Dose Active Immunization of People Who Recently Received Immune Globulin and Other Blood Products Vaccine Safety Risks and Adverse Events Institute of Medicine Reviews of Adverse Events After Immunization Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System Vaccine Safety Datalink Project Post-Licensure Rapid Immunization Safety Monitoring (PRISM) Clinical Immunization Safety Assessment (CISA) Project Vaccine Injury Compensation Hypersensitivity Reactions After Immunization Immediate-Type Allergic Reactions Delayed-Type Allergic Reactions Other Vaccine Reactions Passive Immunization Immune Globulin Intramuscular (IGIM) Immune Globulin Intravenous (IGIV) Immune Globulin Subcutaneous (IGSC) Treatment of Anaphylactic Reactions Immunization in Special Clinical Circumstances Immunization in Preterm and Low Birth Weight Infants Immunization in Pregnancy Immunization and Other Considerations in Immunocompromised Children Immunization in Children With a Personal or Family History of Seizures Immunization in Children With Chronic Diseases Immunization in American Indian/Alaska Native Children and Adolescents Immunization in Adolescent and College Populations Immunization in Health Care Personnel Children Who Received Immunizations Outside the United States or Whose Immunization Status is Unknown or Uncertain International Travel Section 2: Recommendations for Care of Children in Special Circumstances Human Milk Immunization of Mothers and Infants Transmission of Infectious Agents via Human Milk Antimicrobial Agents and Other Drugs in Human Milk Biologic Response Modifiers in Human Milk Children in Out-of-Home Child Care Modes of Spread of Infectious Diseases Management and Prevention of Infectious Diseases School Health Diseases Preventable by Routine Childhood Immunization Infections Spread by the Respiratory Route Infections Spread by Direct Contact Infections Spread by the Fecal-Oral Route Infections Spread by Blood and Body Fluids Infection Control and Prevention for Hospitalized Children Isolation Precautions Strategies to Prevent Health Care-Associated Infections Occupational Health Sibling Visitation Adult Visitation Pet Visitation Infection Control and Prevention in Ambulatory Settings Sexually Transmitted Infections in Adolescents and Children STIs in Adolescents STIs in Children Medical Evaluation for Infectious Diseases for Internationally Adopted, Refugee, and Immigrant Children Consideration for Testing for Infectious Agents Hepatitis A Hepatitis B Hepatitis C Intestinal Pathogens Tissue Parasites/Eosinophilia Syphilis Tuberculosis HIV Infection Chagas Disease (American Trypanosomiasis) Other Infectious Diseases Injuries From Discarded Needles in the Community Wound Care and Tetanus Prophylaxis Bloodborne Pathogens Preventing Needlestick Injuries Bite Wounds Prevention of Mosquitoborne and Tickborne Infections General Protective Measures Repellents for Use on Skin Tick Inspection and Removal Other Preventive Measures Prevention of Illnesses Associated With Recreational Water Use Section 3: Summaries of Infectious Diseases Actinomycosis Adenovirus Infections Amebiasis Amebic Meningoencephalitis and Keratitis Anthrax Arboviruses Arcanobacterium haemolyticum Infections Ascaris lumbricoides Infections Aspergillosis Astrovirus Infections Babesiosis Bacillus cereus Infections and Intoxications Bacterial Vaginosis Bacteroides, Prevotella, and Other Anaerobic Gram-Negative Bacilli Infections Balantidium coli Infections Bartonella henselae (Cat-Scratch Disease) Baylisascaris Infections Infections With Blastocystis hominis and Other Subtypes Blastomycosis Bocavirus Borrelia Infections Other Than Lyme Disease (Relapsing Fever) Brucellosis Burkholderia Infections Campylobacter Infections Candidiasis Chancroid and Cutaneous Ulcers Chikungunya Chlamydial Infections Chlamydia pneumoniae Chlamydia psittaci (Psittacosis, Ornithosis, Parrot Fever) Chlamydia trachomatis Clostridial Infections Botulism and Infant Botulism Clostridial Myonecrosis Clostridium difficile Clostridium perfringens Food Poisoning Coccidioidomycosis Coronaviruses, Including SARS and MERS Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii Infections (Cryptococcosis) Cryptosporidiosis Cutaneous Larva Migrans Cyclosporiasis Cystoisosporiasis (formerly Isosporiasis) Cytomegalovirus Infection Dengue Diphtheria Ehrlichia, Anaplasma, and Related Infections (Human Ehrlichiosis, Anaplasmosis, and Related Infections Attributable to Bacteria in the Family Anaplasmataceae) Serious Bacterial Infections Caused by Enterobacteriaceae (With Emphasis on Septicemia and Meningitis in Neonates) Enterovirus (Nonpoliovirus) (Group A and B Coxsackieviruses, Echoviruses, Numbered Enteroviruses) Epstein-Barr Virus Infections(Infectious Mononucleosis) Escherichia coli Diarrhea (Including Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome) Other Fungal Diseases Fusobacterium Infections (Including Lemierre Disease) Giardia intestinalis (formerly Giardia lamblia and Giardia duodenalis) Infections (Giardiasis) Gonococcal Infections Granuloma Inguinale (Donovanosis) Haemophilus influenzae Infections Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome Helicobacter pylori Infections Hemorrhagic Fevers Caused by Arenaviruses Hemorrhagic Fevers Caused by Bunyaviruses Hemorrhagic Fevers Caused by Filoviruses: Ebola and Marburg Hepatitis A Hepatitis B Hepatitis C Hepatitis D Hepatitis E Herpes Simplex Histoplasmosis Hookworm Infections (Ancylostoma duodenale and Necator americanus) Human Herpesvirus 6 (Including Roseola) and 7 Human Herpesvirus 8 Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection Influenza Kawasaki Disease Kingella kingae Infections Legionella pneumophila Infections Leishmaniasis Leprosy Leptospirosis Listeria monocytogenes Infections Lyme Disease (Lyme Borreliosis, Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato Infection) Lymphatic Filariasis Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Malaria Measles Meningococcal Infections Human Metapneumovirus Microsporidia Infections (Microsporidiosis) Molluscum Contagiosum Moraxella catarrhalis Infections Mumps Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Other Mycoplasma Species Infections Nocardiosis Norovirus and Sapovirus Infections Onchocerciasis (River Blindness, Filariasis) Human Papillomaviruses Paracoccidioidomycosis (Formerly Known as South American Blastomycosis) Paragonimiasis Parainfluenza Viral Infections Parasitic Diseases Human Parechovirus Infections Parvovirus B19 (Erythema Infectiosum, Fifth Disease) Pasteurella Infections Pediculosis Capitis (Head Lice) Pediculosis Corporis (Body Lice) Pediculosis Pubis (Pubic Lice, Crab Lice) Pelvic Inflammatory Disease Pertussis (Whooping Cough) Pinworm Infection (Enterobius vermicularis) Pityriasis Versicolor (Formerly Tinea Versicolor) Plague Pneumococcal Infections Pneumocystis jirovecii Infections Poliovirus Infections Polyomaviruses (BK, JC, and Other Polyomaviruses) Prion Diseases: Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies Q Fever (Coxiella burnetii Infection) Rabies Rat-Bite Fever Respiratory Syncytial Virus Rhinovirus Infections Rickettsial Diseases Rickettsialpox Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever Rotavirus Infections Rubella Salmonella Infections Scabies Schistosomiasis Shigella Infections Smallpox (Variola) Sporotrichosis Staphylococcal Food Poisoning Staphylococcus aureus Coagulase-Negative Staphylococcal Infections Group A Streptococcal Infections Group B Streptococcal Infections Non-Group A or B Streptococcal and Enterococcal Infections Strongyloidiasis Syphilis Tapeworm Diseases (Taeniasis and Cysticercosis) Other Tapeworm Infections (Including Hydatid Disease) Tetanus (Lockjaw) Tinea Capitis(Ringworm of the Scalp) Tinea Corporis (Ringworm of the Body) Tinea Cruris (Jock Itch) Tinea Pedis and Tinea Unguium (Onychomycosis)(Athlete’s Foot, Ringworm of the Feet) Toxocariasis (Visceral Toxocariasis [a Form of Visceral Larva Migrans]; Ocular Toxocariasis [a Form of Ocular Larva Migrans]) Toxoplasma gondii Infections (Toxoplasmosis) Trichinellosis (Trichinella spiralis and Other Species) Trichomonas vaginalis Infections (Trichomoniasis) Trichuriasis (Whipworm Infection) African Trypanosomiasis (African Sleeping Sickness) American Trypanosomiasis (Chagas Disease) Tuberculosis Nontuberculous Mycobacteria (Environmental Mycobacteria, Mycobacteria Other Than Mycobacterium tuberculosis) Tularemia Endemic Typhus (Murine Typhus) Epidemic Typhus (Louseborne or Sylvatic Typhus) Ureaplasma urealyticum and Ureaplasma parvum Infections Varicella-Zoster Virus Infections Vibrio Infections Cholera (Vibrio cholerae) Other Vibrio Infections West Nile Virus Yersinia enterocolitica and Yersinia pseudotuberculosis Infections (Enteritis and Other Illnesses) Zika Section 4: Antimicrobial Agents and Related Therapy Introduction Fluoroquinolones Tetracyclines Other Agents Antimicrobial Resistance and Antimicrobial Stewardship: Appropriate and Judicious Use of Antimicrobial Agents Antimicrobial Resistance Factors Contributing to Resistance Antimicrobial Resistance Threats Actions to Prevent or Slow Antimicrobial Resistance Antimicrobial Stewardship Role of the Medical Provider Principles of Appropriate Use of Antimicrobial Therapy for Upper Respiratory Tract Infections Drug Interactions Tables of Antibacterial Drug Dosages Sexually Transmitted Infections Antifungal Drugs for Systemic Fungal Infections Polyenes Pyrimidines Azoles Echinocandins Recommended Doses of Parenteral and Oral Antifungal Drugs Topical Drugs for Superficial Fungal Infections Non-HIV Antiviral Drugs Drugs for Parasitic Infections MedWatch—The FDA Safety Information and Adverse Event-Reporting Program Section 5: Antimicrobial Prophylaxis Antimicrobial Prophylaxis Infection-Prone Body Sites Exposure to Specific Pathogens Vulnerable Hosts Antimicrobial Prophylaxis in Pediatric Surgical Patients Guidelines for Appropriate Use Indications for Prophylaxis Surgical Site Infection Criteria Timing of Administration of Prophylactic Antimicrobial Agents Dosing and Duration of Administration of Antimicrobial Agents Preoperative Screening and Decolonization Recommended Antimicrobial Agents Prevention of Bacterial Endocarditis Prevention of Neonatal Ophthalmia Gonococcal Ophthalmia Chlamydial Ophthalmia Pseudomonal Ophthalmia Other Nongonococcal, Nonchlamydial Ophthalmia Administration of Neonatal Ophthalmic Prophylaxis Appendices I. Directory of Resources II. Codes for Commonly Administered Pediatric Vaccines/Toxoidsand Immune Globulins III. Vaccine Injury Table IV. Nationally Notifiable Infectious Diseases in the United States V. Guide to Contraindications and Precautions to Immunizations, 2018 VI. Prevention of Infectious Disease From Contaminated Food Products VII. Clinical Syndromes Associated With Foodborne Diseases VIII. Diseases Transmitted by Animals (Zoonoses) Extending an 8-decade tradition of excellence, provides the most reliable and clinically useful information on the . The 31st edition provides evidence-based guidance to practicing clinicians on pediatric infections and vaccinations based on the recommendations of the committee as well as the combined expertise of the CDC, the FDA, and hundreds physician contributors. New in Red Book 2018: All chapters were assessed for relevance given the dynamic environment in pediatric medicine today and every chapter has been modified since the last edition3 new chapters added (Chikungunya, Coagulase-Negative Staphylococcal Infections, and Zika).Standardized approaches to disease prevention through immunizations, antimicrobial prophylaxis, and infection-control practices have been updated throughoutRecommendations for the use of doxycycline have been liberalized.References to evidence-based policy recommendations have been recommendedAppropriate chapters have been updated to be consistent with 2018 AAP and CDC vaccine recommendations, CDC recommendations for immunization of health care personnel, and drug recommendations from __Red Book®__