Recycling From Waste in Fashion and Textiles : A Sustainable and Circular Economic Approach

The alarming level of greenhouse gases in the environment, fast depleting natural resources and the increasing level of industrial effluents, have made every single manufacturing activity come under the scrutiny of sustainability. When all kinds of waste such as clothes, furniture, carpets, televisions, shoes, paper, food wastes etc. end up in the landfill, only a few of them are naturally decomposed and thus a large majority remains as non-biodegradable. It is for this reason, efforts are concentrated to reduce the burden on earth by this waste, and as far as used textile products are concerned, there are now attempts to recycle or up-cycle. This book addresses the role of sustainability by using textile waste in fashion and textiles with respect to manufacturing, materials, as well as the economic and business challenges and opportunities it poses. This wide-ranging book comprises 19 chapters on the various topics including: - Solutions for sustainable fashion and textile industry - Agro and bio waste in the fashion industry - Innovating fashion brands by using textile waste - Waste in handloom textiles - Business paradigm shifting: 21st century fashion from recycling and upcycling - Utilization of natural waste for sustainable textile coloration - Circular economy in fashion and textile from waste - Future pathways of waste utilization for fashion - Sustainable encapsulation of natural dyes from Plant waste for textiles - Agro-waste applications for bio-remediation of textile effluent Cover......Page 1 Title Page......Page 5 Copyright Page......Page 6 Contents......Page 9 Preface......Page 23 Chapter 1 Overview on Recycling from Waste in Fashion and Textiles: A Sustainable and Circular Economic Approach......Page 27 1.1 Introduction......Page 28 1.2 Importance of Recycling......Page 29 1.3 Challenges in Designing With Post-Consumer Clothing and Benefits of Recycling......Page 30 1.5 Recycling Fashion Manufacturers......Page 32 1.6 Sustainable Fibers and Technologies in Textiles and Fashions......Page 33 1.8 The Main Characteristic of the Economy......Page 35 1.8.1.2 Bast Fibers: Flax, Linen, Jute, and Hemp......Page 36 1.8.1.4 Silk......Page 37 1.9 Eco-Labels Concerning Bringing Sustainability......Page 38 1.11 Consumer Consciousness Along With Corporate Social Obligation......Page 39 1.12 Sharing Economy and Collaborative Consumption......Page 40 1.13 Technological Amendments in Textiles Making It More User and Environment Friendly......Page 41 1.14 Conclusions......Page 42 References......Page 43 Chapter 2 Challenges for Waste in Fashion and Textile Industry......Page 45 2.1 Introduction......Page 46 2.1.1 Annual Global Fiber Consumption (2000–2012)......Page 47 2.2 Major Challenges in Managing Textile and Fashion Wastages......Page 50 2.4.1 Machinery/Equipment Related......Page 55 2.4.4 Wastewater Treatment......Page 56 References......Page 57 Chapter 3 Solutions for Sustainable Fashion and Textile Industry......Page 59 3.1 Introduction......Page 60 3.2 Sustainable Fashion Industry and Green Solutions......Page 61 3.2.2 Reuse......Page 62 3.2.3 Restyling......Page 65 3.2.5 Clothing Rental......Page 67 3.3 Recyclable Used Clothing......Page 70 3.3.3 Fabric Reprocessing......Page 71 3.4.1 Quality Parameters......Page 72 3.5 Solutions for Sustainable Textile Industry......Page 73 3.5.1 Environmental Problems Relating to Production and Processing of Textile Fibers......Page 74 3.6 Key Points of Counter Measures for Sustainability in Textile Industry......Page 75 3.6.2 Eco-Selection, Production, Logistics, Care, and Recycling......Page 79 3.6.3 Textile Waste Utilization and Existing Recycling Practices......Page 82 3.7 Textile Waste......Page 83 3.8.3 Water and Chemical Recovery and Reuse in a Textile Industry......Page 84 3.9 Textile Industry Effluent and Sludge Treatment Processes......Page 86 3.10.4 Chemical Precipitation......Page 88 3.10.7 Sludge Treatment Processing......Page 89 3.11.3 Toxic Substance Control Act (TSCA)......Page 90 3.11.4 Publicly Available Specification (PAS) 2050......Page 91 3.11.8 Sustainable Resolution (Su.Re) in India......Page 92 3.12 Conclusion......Page 95 References......Page 96 Chapter 4 Opportunities of Agro and Biowaste in the Fashion Industry......Page 99 4.1 Introduction......Page 100 4.2.1 Classification of Agro Residue......Page 101 4.2.2 Type of Value-Added Products Manufactured......Page 102 4.2.4 Challenges and Issues Associated With Agro-Wastes......Page 104 4.3.1 Agro-Waste for Textile Application......Page 105 4.3.2 Industrial Interventions......Page 106 4.3.3.1 GCA 2018 Winner: Made Bio-Textiles From Crop Waste......Page 107 4.3.5 Circular System (Waste to Usable Material)......Page 108 4.3.6 Sustainable Future......Page 109 4.4.1 Importance of Agro/Biowaste to Generate Eco-Friendly Natural Dyes: Its Environmental Concerns......Page 110 4.4.2 Role of the Fashion Industry in the Current Scenario and Its Relation to Natural Dyes......Page 111 4.4.3 Sources of Natural Dyes From Various Agro/Biowastes......Page 112 4.4.4 Application of Natural Dyes in Fashion Industry......Page 113 4.4.4.1 Few Case Studies......Page 114 4.4.5 Agro-Wastes for Color Removal......Page 115 4.4.5.1 Removal of Dyes by Low-Cost Sorbents: Few Case Studies......Page 116 4.4.6 Consumer Approach Towards Naturally Dyed Fashion Garments......Page 119 4.5 Conclusion......Page 120 References......Page 121 Chapter 5 Innovating Opportunities for Fashion Brands by Using Textile Waste for Better Fashion......Page 127 5.1 Introduction......Page 128 5.2 Textile and Apparel Industry......Page 129 5.3.1 Carbon Foot Prints......Page 131 5.3.2 Fashion and Waste Facts......Page 133 5.4 Fashion Brands Working Towards Sustainability Using Textile Waste......Page 135 5.4.2 Wills Vegan......Page 136 5.4.4 Doodlage......Page 138 5.4.5 Abraham and Thakore......Page 139 5.4.6 Osklen......Page 140 5.4.9 Bottletop......Page 141 5.4.13 Patagonia......Page 142 5.5 Conclusion......Page 143 References......Page 144 Chapter 6 Challenges and Opportunities of Waste in Handloom Textiles......Page 149 6.1 Introduction......Page 150 6.2 History of Handloom Textile Industry......Page 152 6.3 Types of Weaving Traditions......Page 153 6.5 The Performance-Based Factors for Handloom Sector......Page 155 6.7 Opportunities Towards Handloom Textile Sector......Page 157 6.8 Unraveling the Weaver’s Scenarios: A Case Study on Bhagaiya, Jharkhand......Page 158 6.8.2 Bobbin, Pirn Winding, and Weaving......Page 159 6.8.3 Design Innovations and Market Analysis......Page 162 6.8.4 SWOT Analysis of Bhagaiya Weaver’s, Jharkhand in India......Page 164 6.9.1 Opportunities for Dyeing of Handloom Textile Using Natural Waste Plant Resources......Page 165 6.9.2 Opportunities for Value Added Handloom Fabric Using Natural Resources......Page 170 References......Page 173 Chapter 7 Business Paradigm Shifting: Opportunities in the 21st Century on Fashion From Recycling and Upcycling......Page 177 7.2 Importance of Recycling......Page 178 7.2.1 Benefits of Recycling and Upcycling......Page 179 7.3 Fast Fashion and Slow Fashion Consumers......Page 180 7.4 Impact of Fast Fashion in the Development of Sustainable Materials......Page 181 7.5 Sustainable Fabrics......Page 182 7.6 Challenges in Designing With Post-Consumer Clothes......Page 184 7.7 Market for Recycled Fashion Garments......Page 185 7.8 Indian Upcycling/Recycling Brands: Case Study......Page 186 7.9 International Upcycling/Recycling Brands: Case Study......Page 187 7.10 Fashion Designers: Keeping Textiles and Fashion Alive......Page 190 7.11.1 Concept 1. Installation: Rekha (The Lines)......Page 192 7.11.3 Concept 3. Installation: Terraforming......Page 193 7.11.4 Concept 4. Installation: Psychedelic......Page 195 7.12 Current and Future Scope of Fashion Industry......Page 196 Acknowledgments......Page 200 References......Page 201 8.1 Introduction......Page 203 8.2 Sustainability......Page 204 8.2.3 Profit: The Economic Pillar of Sustainability......Page 205 8.3 Environmental and Social Impacts of Textile and Fashion Industry......Page 206 8.5.2 Textile Waste: Recycle, Reduce, and Reuse......Page 208 8.5.2.1 Recycle......Page 209 8.5.2.3 Reduce......Page 210 8.5.4 Slow Fashion Versus Fast Fashion......Page 211 8.5.5 Sustainable Wet Processing of Fabrics......Page 212 8.5.6 Eco-Finishing and Bio-Processing of Textiles......Page 213 8.6.2 Supercritical Dyeing of Textiles......Page 214 8.7 Eco-Labeling......Page 215 8.10 Sustainable Fashion Fibers......Page 216 8.10.3 Orange Fiber......Page 217 8.10.5 Polylana......Page 218 8.11 Technological and Sustainable Measures Under the Fashion Industry......Page 219 8.12 Conclusions......Page 220 References......Page 221 9.1 Introduction......Page 225 9.1.2 Factors Affecting Sustainable Fashion......Page 226 9.1.3 Sustainable Development in Beauty Over the Years......Page 228 9.2.1 Example of Sustainable Fashion Brands......Page 229 9.3 Sustainability and Internal OrganizationMarketing Strategies......Page 230 9.4 Conclusions......Page 236 References......Page 237 Chapter 10 Utilization of Natural Waste for Textile Coloration—Innovative Approach for Sustainability......Page 241 10.1 Introduction......Page 242 10.2.1 Natural Dyes for Sustainability......Page 244 10.2.2 Utilization of Natural Waste for Coloration......Page 245 10.3 Research Studies for Potential Use of Natural Colorants......Page 246 10.4 Functional Health Care Properties of Natural Dyes and Natural Mordants......Page 248 10.5 Innovative Approach Towards Utilization of Natural Waste......Page 251 10.5.1 Indigo—Potential Natural Dye......Page 252 10.6 Conclusion......Page 256 References......Page 257 Chapter 11 Circular Economy in Fashion and Textile From Waste......Page 261 11.2 Linear Economy......Page 262 11.4 Circular Economy......Page 264 11.5 Principles of Circular Economy......Page 267 11.5.1 Need for Circular Economy in Textile and Fashion Industry......Page 268 11.5.2 Benefits of Circular Economy......Page 270 11.5.3 Current Challenges for Circular Economy......Page 271 11.5.4 Opportunities......Page 273 11.6 Conclusion......Page 274 References......Page 275 12.1 Introduction......Page 279 12.2 Marketing Mix......Page 281 12.2.1 Product......Page 282 12.2.2 Price......Page 283 12.2.4 Promotion......Page 284 12.3 Market Analysis......Page 285 12.3.2 Target Market......Page 286 12.3.4 Pricing and Forecast......Page 287 12.4 Marketing Strategies for Upcycling and Recycling Textile and Fashion......Page 289 12.4.3 Confrontation Strategy......Page 292 12.4.4 Market Expansion Strategy......Page 293 12.5 Innovative Ways to Market......Page 294 12.6 Conclusions......Page 299 References......Page 300 Chapter 13 Economical and Sustainable Price Sensitive Fashion and Apparels Marketplace......Page 303 13.2 Sustainable Business Strategies for Fashion Industry......Page 304 13.3.1.4 Refurbishing of Old Garments......Page 306 13.3.2 Results and Discussions......Page 307 13.4 Low-Cost Sustainable Upcycling Based on Waste Natural Resources......Page 315 13.5 The Sustainable Fashion Communication Model......Page 316 13.6 Marketing Landscape of Low Cost Fashion and Apparel Consumable Products......Page 317 13.7 Conclusions......Page 321 References......Page 322 14.1 Introduction......Page 325 14.2 Life Cycle Perspective......Page 326 14.2.2 Synthetics (Non-Cellulosic)......Page 329 14.2.3 New Fibers......Page 330 14.3 Sustainability in Textile Industry......Page 332 14.3.2 Technological Power to the People......Page 334 14.3.6 Self-Cleaning Finishes......Page 336 14.3.8 Medical, Cosmetic, and Odor-Resistant Finishes......Page 337 14.3.10 Ultraviolet Protection Finishes......Page 338 14.3.13 Ballistic and Stab Protection Finishes......Page 339 14.3.14 High Performance Apparel......Page 340 14.4 Future Textiles for Space Age Materials......Page 341 14.4.3 End of Life......Page 342 14.5 Conclusions......Page 343 References......Page 344 Chapter 15 Future Mobilizations and Paths of Waste—Towards Best Solution......Page 347 15.1 Introduction......Page 348 15.2.1 Prevention......Page 349 15.2.5 Energy Recovery......Page 350 15.3 Textile Materials......Page 351 15.3.2 Strategies of Textile Waste Management......Page 352 15.4 Circular Economy/Zero Waste......Page 353 15.4.1 Resell and Reuse of Textiles......Page 354 15.4.2 Recycling of Textile Waste......Page 355 15.4.2.2 Chemical Processes of Textile Recycling......Page 356 15.4.3 Innovation in Textile Waste Management......Page 357 15.4.4 Sustainability in Textiles......Page 359 15.5 Energy from Waste Strategies......Page 362 15.7 Conclusions......Page 363 References......Page 364 Chapter 16 Golden Fiber Jute: A Treasurable Sustainable Material......Page 367 16.1 Introduction......Page 368 16.2 Jute Cultivation, Distribution, and Production......Page 369 16.3 Indian Jute Industry: An Overview of Glitches and Compensations......Page 371 16.4 Environmental Aspects of Jute......Page 372 16.5 Traditional Applications of Jute......Page 373 16.6 Scientific Mechanical Applications of Jute......Page 374 16.7 Electrical and Electrochemical Applications of Jute......Page 375 16.9 Agro Textile Application of Jute......Page 376 16.10 Medical Textiles Applications of Jute......Page 377 16.11 Jute as a Replacement of Wood......Page 378 16.13 Bioenergy Application of Jute......Page 379 16.14.1 Blending Process in Jute......Page 381 16.15 Conclusion......Page 382 References......Page 383 Chapter 17 Sustainable Isolation of Natural Dyes from Plant Wastes for Textiles......Page 389 17.3.1 Alizarin......Page 390 17.3.2 Berberine......Page 391 17.3.3 Bixin......Page 392 17.3.5 Carotenoids......Page 394 17.3.6 Carminic Acid......Page 395 17.3.7 Carotene......Page 396 17.3.9 Curcumin......Page 397 17.3.10 Ellagic Acid......Page 398 17.3.12 Indigo......Page 399 17.3.14 Lawsone......Page 400 17.3.16 Morin......Page 401 17.4 Mordanting of Natural Dye......Page 402 17.6 Biomordanting......Page 403 17.7.1 Conventional Method......Page 404 17.7.3 Ultrasonic Radiation......Page 405 17.7.4 Microwave Radiations......Page 406 17.8.1 Harmal Plant (Peganum harmala)......Page 407 17.8.2 Arjun (Terminalia arjuna)......Page 408 17.8.3 Neem......Page 409 17.8.5 Logwood (Haemtoxylum campechianum)......Page 410 References......Page 411 Chapter 18 Agro-Waste Applications for Bioremediation of Textile Effluents......Page 417 18.2 Wastewater Treatment......Page 418 18.3 Agro-Waste Materials......Page 419 18.3.2 Sources of Agro-Waste Materials......Page 420 18.4 Kinds of Agro-Waste Materials......Page 421 18.4.1.1 Role of Different Types of Straw in Wastewater Treatment......Page 422 18.4.2.1 Role of Different Plant Leaves in Treatment of Wastewater......Page 424 18.4.3.1 Role of Stems in Textile Water Remediation......Page 427 18.4.4 Barks......Page 429 18.4.5 Nut Shells......Page 430 18.4.6 Peels......Page 433 18.4.6.1 Role of Peels in Textile Water Treatment......Page 434 18.4.7 Bagasse......Page 435 18.4.7.1 Role of Bagasse in Textile Effluent Treatment......Page 436 18.4.8.1 Role of Different Husks in Wastewater Treatment......Page 437 References......Page 438 Chapter 19 An Insight Into Herbal-Based Natural Dyes: Isolation and Applications......Page 449 19.2.2 Plant-Based Natural Dyes......Page 450 19.2.4 Microbial-Based and Fungal-Based Natural Dyes......Page 451 19.3.1.3 Solvent Extraction......Page 452 19.4 Mordanting......Page 453 19.5 Herbal-Based Dye Yielding Plants......Page 454 19.5.1 Marigold......Page 455 19.5.2 Pomegranate......Page 457 19.5.3 Safflower......Page 458 19.5.4 Acacia......Page 460 19.5.5 Neem......Page 462 19.5.6 Arjun......Page 464 19.5.7 Saffron......Page 465 19.5.8 Hermal......Page 467 19.5.9 Turmeric......Page 468 19.5.10 Annatto......Page 469 19.5.11 Madder......Page 471 19.5.12 Ratanjot......Page 472 References......Page 474 Index......Page 483 EULA......Page 491

The alarming level of greenhouse gases in the environment, fast depleting natural resources and the increasing level of industrial effluents, have made every single manufacturing activity come under the scrutiny of sustainability. When all kinds of waste such as clothes, furniture, carpets, televisions, shoes, paper, food wastes etc. end up in the landfill, only a few of them are naturally decomposed and thus a large majority remains as non-biodegradable. It is for this reason, efforts are concentrated to reduce the burden on earth by this waste, and as far as used textile products are concerned, there are now attempts to recycle or up-cycle. This book addresses the role of sustainability by using textile waste in fashion and textiles with respect to manufacturing, materials, as well as the economic and business challenges and opportunities it poses.

This wide-ranging book comprises 19 chapters on the various topics including:

· Solutions for sustainable fashion and textile industry

· Agro and bio waste in the fashion industry

· Innovating fashion brands by using textile waste

· Waste in handloom textiles

· Business paradigm shifting: 21st century fashion from recycling and upcycling

· Utilization of natural waste for sustainable textile coloration

· Circular economy in fashion and textile from waste

· Future pathways of waste utilization for fashion

· Sustainable encapsulation of natural dyes from Plant waste for textiles

· Agro-waste applications for bio-remediation of textile effluent

"The alarming level of greenhouse gases in the environment, fast depleting natural resources such as water, petroleum products and the increasing level of industrial effluents have made every single manufacturing activity come under the scrutiny of sustainability. When all kinds of waste such as clothes, old furniture, carpets, televisions, shoes, paper, food wastes etc. end up in the landfill, only a few of them are naturally decomposed and thus a large majority remains as non-biodegradable. It is for this reason, efforts are concentrated to reduce the burden on earth by this waste, and as far as used textile products are concerned, there are now attempts to recycle or up-cycle. At the same time, people in third world countries do not have access to sufficient clothing whereas those in developed countries are following the policy of make-use and throw."-- Provided by publisher