Recovery of Disaster Victims: Results of Joint Survey in East Japan, Aceh, Sichuan, and Tacloban (Kobe University Monograph Series in Social Science Research)

This book presents the results of a joint survey conducted as of the tenth anniversary of the 2011 East Japan Earthquake, by an international research collaboration consisting of researchers representing the major universities affected by recent mega-disasters in Asia, namely, the research group at Kobe University, Japan which has folllowed up ten year recovery process from the 2011 tsunami disaster in East Japan, the research group at the Graduate Program in Disaster Science, Syiah Kuala University in Aceh, Indonesia on the long-term recovery of 17 years after the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami, the research group at the Institute for Disaster Management and Reconstruction of Sichuan University, China focusing on the recovery status of 13 years after the 2008 Sichuan (Wenchuan) Earthquake; and the research group at the National College of Public Administration and Governance of University of the Philippines, on the rcovery from the 2013 Typhoon Yolanda that hit the Philippines. The purpose of the survey was to evaluate the status of human life recovery of disaster-affected populations and communities in Asia in the long term, for the ultimate purpose of reviewing and comparing the outcomes of different prioritizations among the plural goals of disaster recovery. Through such a review, the authors intend to induce policy implications to guide a better recovery process with lesser impact on the human life recovery in the future disasters that we humans are destined to meet. The target areas are 16 districts in Iwate and Miyagi prefectures in Japan, all typical areas seriously affected by the 2011 tsunami and subsequently came under the governmental construction works for the safety, as well as three villages in Banda Aceh and its outskirts in Aceh Special Province, Indonesia,; two districts in Mianyang city in Sichuan, China which were targetted by intensive reconstructon works conducted by the coupling assistance; and two village communities in Tacloban, the capital city of Leyte island hit by the 2013 Typhoon Yolanda. To realize the concurrent attainment of both safety and livelihood in the recovery planning, this joint survey has identified common issues for a successful cooperation between the local government and communities through the inclusive participation of various institutions representing the variety of interests in each community. Contents 6 Editors and Contributors 7 List of Figures 10 List of Tables 15 Introduction: Comparing the Prioritization in Post-disaster Life Recovery 20 1 Purpose of the Joint Survey 20 2 Method of the Joint Survey 22 3 Post-east Japan Earthquake Recovery: Prioritization of Public Works 23 4 Post-east Japan Earthquake Recovery Viewed from Economic Entities 25 5 Recovery in Post-indian Ocean Tsunami Aceh: Isolated Safety 26 6 Sichuan Earthquake Recovery: Questions Remained for Agricultural Livelihood 29 7 Typhoon Yolanda Recovery: Resilience of Informal Sector 31 8 Implications from a Comparative Perspective 33 References 46 Resident Questionnaire Survey on the Lives and Livelihoods Recovery in the Devastated Area After Ten Years from the Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami: Overall Results Review 47 1 Introduction 47 2 Demography of the Respondents 57 3 Housing Reconstruction Status 59 4 Livelihood Reconstruction Status 69 5 Recovery Status of the Local Economy 86 6 Local Population Recovery Status 98 7 Results and Consideration of Responses Regarding the Recovery Calendar 107 8 Summary 126 References 132 Survey Results on the Recovery Perception of the Commercial and Industrial Entities as of the 10th Anniversary of the East Japan Earthquake 133 1 Introduction: Purpose and Method 133 2 Damage Suffered and Status of Reconstruction of the Respondent Businesses 135 2.1 Overview of the Businesses 135 2.2 Damage Suffered by the Businesses 136 2.3 Reconstruction Status of the Businesses 139 2.4 Impact of the Earthquake on the Business Performance of the Respondent Businesses 140 2.5 Factors Behind Deterioration or Recovery of Business Performance 144 2.6 Receipt and Effect of Government Administrative Support 147 3 Respondent Businesses’ Perception of the Status of Regional Economic Recovery 152 3.1 Characteristics of the Regional Economy as Seen by the Respondent Businesses 152 3.2 Level of Recovery of the Regional Economy as Seen by the Respondent Businesses 157 3.3 Level of Recovery of Local Shopping Streets as Seen by the Respondent Businesses 159 3.4 Private Organizations that Led Regional Economic Recovery 161 3.5 Status of Regional Population Recovery 162 4 Results of Responses About the Recovery Calendar 164 4.1 Recovery Calendar, Overall Total and Related Factors 164 4.2 Attributes of the Respondents 170 4.3 "Recovery Calendar” of the Businesses in Each Region 172 5 Some Consideration 179 5.1 Regional Economy and Perception of Disaster Victims 179 5.2 Impact of the Reconstruction Development Policy on “Livelihood” 181 5.3 Recovery Community Building Entities 184 5.4 Non-Achievement of “Safety” 185 References 187 Aceh Post 2004 Tsunami Recovery: Strategies and Implications 188 1 Introduction 188 2 Survey Approach 189 3 Profile of the Respondents 190 4 Population Recovery 190 5 Economic Recovery 191 6 Time Factor in Post-tsunami Recovery 194 7 Pre- and Post-tsunami Community Activities 195 8 Conclusion and Implications 195 References 196 Survey Report on Resilience of Wenchuan Earthquake-Affected Areas 197 1 Background of the Survey on “Resilience Project in Wenchuan Earthquake-Affected Areas” 197 2 Organization and Implementation of the Survey 198 3 Results and Analysis of the Survey 200 3.1 Physical Resilience 200 3.2 Organizational Resilience 202 3.3 Economic Resilience 205 3.4 Social Resilience 209 4 Conclusion 214 References 215 Recovery Status from the 2013 Typhoon Yolanda: Results of a Survey in Two Typical Barangays in Tacloban City 216 1 Introduction 216 2 Super Typhoon Yolanda/Haiyan Disaster 216 3 Profiles of the Barangays 217 4 Methodology 222 5 Findings and Analysis 223 5.1 Profile of the Respondents 223 5.2 Housing/Dwelling Situation and the Immediate Effects of the Typhoon 224 5.3 Immediate Effects of the Disaster on Household Finances and Expenditures 226 5.4 Perceptions About Recovery and Reconstruction 228 5.5 Economic Recovery Situation and Population Out-Migration 228 5.6 Participation in Community Activities 229 6 Conclusions 231 Appendix 233 References 244