Recent Research in Sustainable Structures : Proceedings of the 3rd GeoMEast International Congress and Exhibition, Egypt 2019 on Sustainable Civil Infrastructures {u2013} The Official International Congress of the Soil-Structure Interaction Group in Egypt

This book, about challenges in structural and bridge engineering, brings together contributions to this important area of engineering research. The book presents findings and case studies on fundamental and applied aspects of structural engineering, applied to buildings, bridges, and infrastructures, in general heritage patrimony. The scope of the book focuses on the application of advanced experimental and numerical techniques and new technologies to the built environment. Contents 6 About the Editors 8 Exploration of Early Civilization Through Restoring Structural Stability of DJOZER Step Pyramid (Part II) 10 Abstract 10 1 Introduction 10 1.1 Engineering Aspects of Sub Surface Units of Pyramid 11 1.1.1 These Units Could Be Classified Archaeological Wise as Follows 12 1.2 Analysis of Structural Instability of Subsurface Units, Causes and Sources 16 1.2.1 Modes of Instability 16 1.2.2 Probable Causes and Sources 18 1.2.3 Geologic Section of Saqqara Plateau 18 2 Strategy for Engineering Rescue 19 2.1 Concepts for Rescue and Restoration Phases 19 2.2 Questionable Engineering Observations 21 3 Conclusions and Recommendations 23 Acknowledgement 24 References 24 Nonlinear Finite Element Modelling for R.C Arched Beams with Openings Strengthened with CFRP 25 Abstract 25 1 Introduction 26 2 Research Scope and Objectives 27 2.1 Methodology 27 3 Finite Element Model 28 3.1 Material Model 28 3.1.1 Modeling of Concrete 28 3.1.2 Steel Plate 29 3.1.3 Steel Reinforcement 29 3.1.4 Modelling of CFRP 30 3.1.5 Loading and Boundary Condition 31 3.1.6 Nonlinear Solution and Meshing 31 4 Model Verification 32 4.1 First Model Verification 32 4.2 Second Model Verification 33 5 Parametric Study 35 5.1 Effect of Curvature 36 5.2 Effect of Opening Size 37 5.3 Effect of Shape of Opening 38 5.4 Effect of Opening Length 41 5.5 Effect of Opening Height 42 5.6 Effect of Strengthening Number of CFRP Layers 43 5.7 Effect of Externally Bonded CFRP Laminate at Beam Soffit 44 5.8 Comparison Between the Different Schemes of Strengthen 45 6 Conclusion 46 References 47 Use of Granite Slurry in Masonry Manufacturing and Wall Construction 48 Abstract 48 1 Introduction 48 2 Experimental Program 49 2.1 Material Properties 50 2.2 Mix Design 50 2.3 Tests Performed 50 2.3.1 Brazilian Indirect Split Test 50 2.3.2 Slant Test 50 2.3.3 Out-of-Plane Load Test 52 3 Results 52 3.1 Brazilian (Indirect-Split) Test 52 3.2 Slant Test 52 3.3 Out-of-Plane Load Test 52 4 Conclusions and Recommendations 53 Acknowledgements 56 References 56 High Performance Materials for Concrete Bridge Construction 57 Abstract 57 1 Introduction 57 2 Testing Scope and Setup 58 3 Girder Design and Fabrication 59 4 Girder Instrumentation and Test Setup 61 5 Test Results and Discussion 62 5.1 Material Properties 62 5.2 Transfer Length 64 5.3 Development Length Testing 65 5.4 Ultimate Flexure Testing 65 5.5 Shear Testing 67 5.6 Testing Summary 70 6 Summary and Conclusions 71 References 71 A Machine-Learning Approach for Semantic Matching of Building Codes and Building Information Models (BIMs) for Supporting Automated Code Checking 73 Abstract 73 1 Introduction 74 2 Background 75 2.1 Semantic Matching 75 2.2 Industry Foundation Classes 75 3 Proposed Machine-Learning Approach for Semantic Matching of Building Codes and Building Information Models 76 4 Preliminary Experimental Results 79 4.1 Performances in Code-BIM Matching 79 4.2 Error Analysis 80 5 Conclusions 81 Acknowledgments 81 References 82 EICP Cemented Sand Modified with Biopolymer 83 Abstract 83 1 Introduction 83 2 Materials and Methodology 85 2.1 Sandy Soil 85 2.2 EICP Cementing Solution 85 2.3 Preparation of the Samples for UCS 86 2.4 Preparation of the Flexural Test Specimens 86 2.5 Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS) 86 2.6 Three-Point Flexural Tests 87 2.7 Micro-scale Testing 87 3 Results 88 3.1 UCS Results 88 3.2 Flexure Test Results 89 4 Discussion 90 4.1 Comparison with Cement Brick 90 4.2 Comparison with Bu et al. (2018) Results 90 4.3 Micro-level Analysis 92 5 Conclusion 93 References 93 Finite Element Analysis Alteration Between the Effect of Seismic and Diverse Wind Speeds on Three Different Resisting Systems 95 Abstract 95 1 Introduction 95 2 Literature Review 96 3 Methodology 97 4 Results 97 5 Conclusion 105 References 105 Localized Effects Due to Aerodynamic Modifications in Buildings: A State-of-Art Review 107 Abstract 107 1 Introduction 107 2 Wind Effects over Building 108 3 Detailed Literature Review 109 3.1 Flow Behavior Around Buildings with Basic Plan Shapes 109 3.1.1 Effect of Turbulence and Reynolds Number 110 3.1.2 Effect of Side Ratio 113 3.1.3 Effect of Orientation 117 3.2 Flow Behavior Around Buildings with Aerodynamic Modifications 119 4 Critical Analysis of Reviewed Literature 131 5 Conclusion 133 References 133 Experimental Investigation of Two-Way Hinges in Reinforced Concrete Members 137 Abstract 137 1 Introduction 137 1.1 Introduction 137 1.2 Literature Review 138 1.3 Goals and Objectives, Novelty of the Research 139 2 Experimental Program 139 2.1 Introduction 139 2.2 Test Specimens 139 2.3 Test Setup 139 2.4 Test Result 142 2.4.1 Specimens CS-22 142 2.4.2 Specimens CS-32 144 2.4.3 Specimens CS-40 147 3 Strength Calculation 149 3.1 Column Axial Strength 149 3.2 Hinge Axial Strength 150 3.3 Confinement Effects on the Ultimate Capacity of the Hinge 151 4 Conclusion 154 Acknowledgements 154 References 155 Post Buckling Behavior of Steel Plate Girder Panels Under Shear Loading 156 Abstract 156 1 Introduction 156 2 Square Panels with Flanges That Have No Bending or Torsional Stiffness 157 3 Square Panels with Flanges That Have Rigidity 162 4 Extreme Cases 164 5 Comparison of Predicted Shear Strength 165 6 Conclusion 167 Acknowledgements 168 References 168 Author Index 169 Front Matter ....Pages i-viii Exploration of Early Civilization Through Restoring Structural Stability of DJOZER Step Pyramid (Part II) (Radwa Mahmoud, Hassan F. Imam)....Pages 1-15 Nonlinear Finite Element Modelling for R.C Arched Beams with Openings Strengthened with CFRP (Alaa M. Morsy, Nabil H. El-Ashkar, Aisha Jaber)....Pages 16-38 Use of Granite Slurry in Masonry Manufacturing and Wall Construction (Basma Elsobky, Nada Attia, Omar Moustafa, Rafik Yanni, Mohamed Abdeldayem, Omar Elweleilly et al.)....Pages 39-47 High Performance Materials for Concrete Bridge Construction (George Morcous, Marc Maguire, Maher K. Tadros)....Pages 48-63 A Machine-Learning Approach for Semantic Matching of Building Codes and Building Information Models (BIMs) for Supporting Automated Code Checking (Ruichuan Zhang, Nora El-Gohary)....Pages 64-73 EICP Cemented Sand Modified with Biopolymer (Mohamed Arab, Maher Omar, Roudha Aljassmi, Reem Nasef, Lubna Nassar, Sham Miro)....Pages 74-85 Finite Element Analysis Alteration Between the Effect of Seismic and Diverse Wind Speeds on Three Different Resisting Systems (Aya Diab, Youmn Al-Rawi)....Pages 86-97 Localized Effects Due to Aerodynamic Modifications in Buildings: A State-of-Art Review (Omkar Powar, Arul Jayachandran)....Pages 98-127 Experimental Investigation of Two-Way Hinges in Reinforced Concrete Members (Safwan Chahal, Oussama Baalbaki, Yehya Timsah, Hassan Ghanem, Zaher Abu Saleh)....Pages 128-146 Post Buckling Behavior of Steel Plate Girder Panels Under Shear Loading (Hassan Ghanem, Safwan Chahal, Wafik Ajam, Adel Kurdi)....Pages 147-159 Back Matter ....Pages 161-162