Recent Advances on Mycorrhizal Fungi (Fungal Biology)

Recent Advances on Mycorrhizal Fungi integrates work done by pre-eminent scientists, academics, and researchers dedicated to the study of mycorrhizas in laboratories around the world. The main aim of this book is to compile the information related to mycorrhizas advancement and their applications. First, an overview of the recent advances in mycorrhizal fungi is fully examined. Then, researchers from different countries address issues related to semiarid, xeric, and agro-ecosystems. A greater understanding of the ecology of this type of fungi will underpin efforts to provide new strategies for agriculture production systems and environmental solutions. Finally, relevant topics such as plant stress and ecological succession with regard to mycorrhizal symbioses are discussed. This book will be useful to those who work with mycorrhizas and important for academic and research teams, as well as to teachers, students, professionals and farmers. This information will be a key foundation to decision-makers worldwide and also for conservationists and ecologists.​ Contents 6 Chapter 1: Overview of the Recent Advances in Mycorrhizal Fungi 8 1.1 Introduction 8 1.2 The Mycorrhizal Symbioses 9 1.3 Natural Environments 12 1.3.1 Spore Abundance and Diversity 12 1.3.2 Root Colonization 14 1.4 Conclusion 16 References 16 Chapter 2: Advances in Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Taxonomy 21 2.1 Introduction 21 2.2 Advances in AMF Taxonomy 22 2.3 Implications 23 2.4 Conclusion 25 References 25 Chapter 3: What Can the Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Community Tell Us About Plant Biodiversity Loss? 28 3.1 Introduction 28 3.1.1 Soil Biota and Land Use Change 29 3.1.2 Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Land Use Changes in Tropical Rain Forest 30 3.2 Study Sites 32 3.3 Results 33 3.4 Site Evidence of Resource Stoichiometry Theory 34 3.5 Final Remarks 36 3.6 Conclusions 36 References 37 Chapter 4: Mycorrhizal Symbiosis Organization of Dominant Tree Prosopis laevigata (Mesquite) in a Xeric Shrub of Central Mexico 39 4.1 Introduction 39 4.2 Materials and Methods 40 4.2.1 Study Site 40 4.2.2 Sampling Technique 41 4.2.3 Spore Extraction and Taxonomic Determination 41 4.2.4 Statistical Analysis 42 4.3 Results 42 4.4 Discussion 45 4.5 Conclusions 47 References 47 Chapter 5: Arbuscular Mycorrhizas in Different Successional Stages in Some Brazilian Ecosystems 50 5.1 Introduction 50 5.2 Differential Response of Tropical Herbaceous and Woody Species to AMF 51 5.3 Fine Root Traits and AMF Colonization Intensity for Nutrient Acquisition 55 5.4 Abundance of AMF in Different Stages of Succession 56 5.5 Inoculum of AMF Available in Soil 59 5.6 Implication of the AMF Inoculum Potential for Secondary Forest Formation 60 References 62 Chapter 6: Stress and Mycorrhizal Plant 66 6.1 Introduction 66 6.2 Plant and Stress 67 6.3 Plant Physiological and Signaling Pathway 68 6.4 Microbes and Stress 69 6.5 Stress and Mycorrhizal Plant 69 6.5.1 Salinity 70 6.5.2 Drought 72 6.5.3 Heavy Metals 74 6.5.4 Compaction 76 6.6 Conclusion and Future Perspectives 78 References 78 Chapter 7: Taxonomic and Functional Response of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi to Land Use Change in Central Argentina 83 7.1 Introduction 83 7.2 Effects of Land Use on Diversity and Abundance of AMF Spores 85 7.3 Effects of Land Use on AMF Spores: A Functional Group Approach 89 7.4 Conclusions and Future Directions 91 References 91 Chapter 8: Mycorrhizas in Agroecosystems 93 8.1 Introduction 93 8.2 The Mycorrhizal Symbioses in Agroecosystems 94 8.3 AM Inoculation Technology 97 8.4 Conclusion 99 References 100 Chapter 9: Arbuscular Mycorrhizae in Coastal Areas 103 9.1 Introduction 103 9.2 AMF Occurrence in Coastal Areas Worldwide 104 9.3 Mycorrhizal Colonisation and Number of Glomerospores Associated with Plants in Coastal Dunes Areas 107 9.4 Conclusions 107 References 108 Chapter 10: Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Diversity from Mangroves: A Review 111 10.1 Introduction 111 10.2 Materials and Methods 112 10.2.1 Flooding 113 10.3 AM Colonization 114 10.3.1 Nutritional Status 114 10.3.2 Stress 115 10.3.3 Freshwater Ecosystem 115 References 116 Chapter 11: Interaction of Rhizobacteria with Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) and Their Role in Stress Abetment in Agriculture 119 11.1 Introduction 119 11.2 Physiological and Biochemical Changes in Plants as Influenced by AM–PGPR Interaction 120 11.3 Mycorhizza Helper Bacteria 122 11.4 Spore-Associated Bacteria 124 11.5 Culture-Dependent Techniques 125 11.6 Cutivation-Independent Techniques to Study Bacteria Associated with Spores 126 11.7 AM Fungi and PGPR for Management of Abiotic and Biotic Stress in Crop Plants 127 11.8 Role of AM Fungi and PGPR Interaction in Stress Agriculture 128 11.8.1 Salt Stress Tolerance 128 11.8.2 Drought Stress 130 11.8.3 Heavy Metal Stress 133 11.9 Biotic Stress 134 11.9.1 Biocontrol 134 11.10 Conclusion 136 References 136 Index 145 Recent Advances on Mycorrhizal Fungi integrates work done by pre-eminent scientists, academics, and researchers dedicated to the study of mycorrhizas in laboratories around the world.℗lThe main aim of this book is to compile the information related to mycorrhizas advancement and their applications. First, an overview of the recent advances in mycorrhizal fungi is fully examined. Then, researchers from different countries address issues related to semiarid, xeric, and agro-ecosystems. A greater understanding of the ecology of this type of fungi will underpin efforts to provide new strategies for agriculture production systems and environmental solutions. Finally, relevant topics such as plant stress and ecological succession with regard to mycorrhizal symbioses are discussed. This book will be useful℗lto those℗lwho work with mycorrhizas and important for℗lacademic and research teams, as well as to teachers, students, professionals and farmers. This information will be a key foundation℗lto decision-makers worldwide and also for conservationists and ecologists Front Matter....Pages i-vi Overview of the Recent Advances in Mycorrhizal Fungi....Pages 1-13 Advances in Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Taxonomy....Pages 15-21 What Can the Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Community Tell Us About Plant Biodiversity Loss?....Pages 23-33 Mycorrhizal Symbiosis Organization of Dominant Tree Prosopis laevigata (Mesquite) in a Xeric Shrub of Central Mexico....Pages 35-45 Arbuscular Mycorrhizas in Different Successional Stages in Some Brazilian Ecosystems....Pages 47-62 Stress and Mycorrhizal Plant....Pages 63-79 Taxonomic and Functional Response of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi to Land Use Change in Central Argentina....Pages 81-90 Mycorrhizas in Agroecosystems....Pages 91-100 Arbuscular Mycorrhizae in Coastal Areas....Pages 101-108 Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Diversity from Mangroves: A Review....Pages 109-116 Interaction of Rhizobacteria with Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) and Their Role in Stress Abetment in Agriculture....Pages 117-142 Back Matter....Pages 143-147