Recent Advances in Mechanical Infrastructure: Proceedings of ICRAM 2021 (Lecture Notes in Intelligent Transportation and Infrastructure)

The book presents latest research-based innovations in the field of mechanical infrastructure presented in the International Conference on Recent Advances in Mechanical Infrastructure (ICRAM 2021). The broad research topics presented in this book are recent advances in thermal infrastructure: This includes aerodynamics, renewable energy, computational fluid dynamics, carbon dioxide capture and sequestration, energy and thermo-fluids, fluid dynamics, fuels and combustion, heat and mass transfer, internal combustion engine, and refrigeration and air conditioning. Recent advances in manufacturing infrastructure includes green manufacturing, instrumentation and control, material characterization, manufacturing techniques, rapid prototyping, polymers, and composites. Recent advances in infrastructure planning and design includes applied mechanics, bio-mechanics, computer-aided engineering design, finite element analysis, industrial tribology, machine design, robotics and automation, dynamics and vibration, industrial engineering, and optimization. Organizing committee of ICRAM-2021 Preface Contents About the Editors Recent Advances in Thermal Infrastructure Performance Analysis of Desiccant Material Prepared by Simple Mixing of Silica Gel and Calcium Chloride 1 Introduction 2 Experimental Facility 3 Experimental Methodology 3.1 Procedure for Making Samples of Desiccant by Mixing Silica Gel and Calcium Chloride 4 Results and Discussions 4.1 Results 4.2 Discussion 5 Conclusion References Flow and Thermal Characteristics of Jet Impingement on a Dimple Plate Using Large Eddy Simulation 1 Introduction 2 Problem Statement 3 Governing Equation 3.1 Wall Adaptive Local Eddy Viscosity (WALE) 4 Numerical Strategy 4.1 Boundary Conditions 4.2 Grid Resolution 5 Results and Discussion 5.1 Numerical Model Validation 5.2 Flow Field Predictions 5.3 Thermal Field Prediction 6 Conclusion References Numerical Investigation and Performance Comparison of Double-Tube Helical Heat Exchanger Incorporating Four-Turn and Six-Turn Models Using Several Nanofluids 1 Introduction 2 Model Description 2.1 Boundary Conditions 3 Grid Independent Test 4 Governing Equations 5 Validation 6 Results and Discussion 7 Conclusion References Passive Cooling and Human Thermal Comfort: A Case Study 1 Introduction 2 Passive Cooling: Reflective Roof Strategy 3 Experimental Methodology 4 Results and Discussion 4.1 Daily Variation of Room Temperatures 4.2 Monthly Variation of Room Temperatures 5 Human Thermal Comfort and Mean Radiant Temperature 5.1 Determination of Heat Transfer Rates 6 Conclusion References Strain-Engineered Electronic and Thermoelectric Properties of Two-Dimensional SnGe 1 Introduction 2 Computational Methodology 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Structural Analysis 3.2 Electronic and Thermoelectric Properties 4 Conclusions References Techno-Economic Assessment of IGCC Power Plant Retrofitted with Chemical Looping Combustion for Carbon Capture 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 3 Results 4 Conclusion References Design and Development of a Novel Technique for the Maintenance of a Gas Turbine–A Case Study 1 Introduction 2 Literature Survey 3 Methodology 3.1 System Selection 3.2 Analytical Network Process (ANP) 4 Results and Discussions 5 Conclusion References A Review on Recent Advances in Pulsating Heat Pipes 1 Introduction 2 Experimental Analysis 3 Numerical Analysis and Multiphase Modeling 4 Conclusions References Experimental Investigation of Solar Panel Integrated with Mirror Reflector and Cooling 1 Introduction 2 Experimental Analysis 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusion References Investigation of Thermophysical Properties of Synthesized N-Hexacosane-Encapsulated Titania Phase Change Material for Enhanced Thermal Storage Application 1 Introduction 2 Experimental Section 2.1 Material, Method and Instrumentation 2.2 Synthesis of Titania/N-Hexacosane PCM Composite 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Morphological, Structural and Chemical Study of TPCM Composite 3.2 Simulation of Encapsulated Titania/N-Hexacosane PCM Composite 3.3 Thermal Analysis 3.4 Thermal Stability and IR Imaging TPCM Composites 4 Conclusion References Recent Advances in Infrastructure Planning, Design and Control Design of Bluetooth-Controlled Floor Cleaning Robot 1 Introduction 1.1 Historical Development 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Microcontroller—Arduino Mega 2560 2.2 L293D Motor Driver Board 2.3 Bluetooth Module (HC-05) 2.4 DC Motor 2.5 BO Motor 2.6 Breadboard 2.7 Water Pump (6–12 V DC Mini Aquarium) 2.8 TIP31C Transistor 3 Application Software 4 Conclusions References Detection of Sensor Fault in a DC Microgrid Using Supertwisting Observer 1 Introduction 2 Problem Statement 3 Modeling of STA-based HOSM Observer and Detection of Sensor Faults 4 Simulation Results and Discussions 5 Conclusions References Computer Vision-Guided Human–Robot Collaboration for Industry 4.0: A Review 1 Introduction 2 Human–Robot Collaboration (HRC) 3 Gesture Recognition in Human–Robot Collaboration (HRC) 4 Computer Vision as a Sensor Technology in Human–Robot Collaboration 5 Human Safety in Human–Robot Collaboration (HRC) 6 Conclusion References Design and Fabrication of Mini Woodworking Lathe Machine 1 Introduction 1.1 Construction and Working of Lathe 1.2 Operations Performed on a Lathe 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Compact Design 2.2 Modular Design 2.3 Small-Scale Resolution 2.4 Three-Dimensional Design of the Lathe 2.5 Step-By-Step Fabrication of Mini Woodworking Lathe 3 Advantages and Applications 3.1 Advantages of Mini Woodworking Lathe 3.2 Applications of Mini Woodworking Lathe 4 Conclusions and Future Scope References Implementation of Kaizen in Industries and Its Challenges 1 Introduction 2 Implementation of Kaizen in an Organization 3 Five Whys Technique 4 The 5 S Approach 5 Poka-Yoke 6 Seven QC Tools 7 Seven Wastes 8 Steps to Implement Kaizen 9 Factors Contributing Implementation of Successful Kaizen 10 Challenges in Implementing Kaizen 11 Conclusions References Review on How IIoT Has Revolutionized Greenhouse, Manufacturing and Medical Industries 1 Introduction 2 Background 2.1 Cyber-Physical Systems 2.2 Industrial Automation and Control Systems 2.3 Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition 3 Challenges in Real-Time Implementation of IIoT 4 Benefits of IIoT in Manufacturing Industries 5 Needed Infrastructure 6 Applications 6.1 Smart Greenhouse 6.2 IIoT in Manufacturing Industries 6.3 IIoT in Health Care 7 Conclusion References Fracture Analysis of Crack Positioned Perpendicular to the Poling Direction in Piezoelectric Material Using XFEM 1 Introduction 2 Governing Equations 3 XFEM for Piezoelectric Materials 4 Computation of Fracture Parameters 5 Validation 5.1 Penny-Shaped Crack with Variable Stress Field 5.2 Effect of Intensity Factors with the Offset of Crack in Poling Direction 6 Conclusions References FE Analysis and Optimization of Excavator Bucket Teeth 1 Introduction 2 Digging Force 2.1 Material Properties 3 Finite Element Analysis 3.1 Optimization Process 4 Conclusions References A Novel Technique for the Surface Texture Inspection of Electrical Discharge Machined Surfaces Using Vision System 1 Introduction 2 Literature Survey 3 Methodology 3.1 Specimen Preparation 3.2 Setting up of Vision System 3.3 Experimentation 4 Results and Discussions 5 Conclusion References Modification and Upgradation of Semiautomated Hydraulic Extruder to Enhance Its Performance 1 Introduction 2 Challenges Faced 3 Modification of Design to Improve Performance 4 Proposed Solutions to Save Energy 5 Modification to Reduce Maintenance Time 6 Conclusion References Design of Pitch Controlling System for Two-Wheel Self-Balancing Vehicle Based on Arduino 1 Introduction 2 Components 2.1 Arduino Board 2.2 Imu 2.3 PCB Board 2.4 Motor 2.5 Motor Controller 2.6 Battery 3 Calculation 4 Work Methodology 5 Programming 6 Result and Testing 7 Further Development 8 Conclusion References Design and Development of the Wheelchair Components Using the Topology Optimization Method 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Thinking Process 2.2 Ideation 2.3 Data Collection and Tools Used 3 Results 4 Conclusion and Future Work References Optimization of Process Parameters Using Response Surface Methodology to Improve Surface Finish in Face Gear Grinding 1 Introduction 2 Response Surface Methodology 3 Result and Discussion 3.1 Analysis of Variance 3.2 Factorial Plots and Surface Plots 3.3 Regression Equation from Response Analysis and Optimal Solution 4 Conclusion References ‘2D Simulation to Study the Effect of Flaps on Various Aerofoils at Different Angles’ 1 Introduction 2 CFD Analysis 3 Results 4 Conclusions 5 Future Scope References Recent Advances in Manufacturing Infrastructure Multi-response Optimization and Effect of Alumina Mixed with Dielectric Fluid on WEDM Process of Ti6Al4V 1 Introduction 2 Experimental Setup and Experimentation 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Analysis of Response Variables 3.2 Optimization 3.3 Effect of Alumina Powder Concentration on Response Variables 4 Conclusions References Application of Friction Stir Welding (FSW) in Automotive and Electric Vehicle 1 Introduction 2 Technical Justification of FSW 3 Economic Justification of FSW 4 Comparison of FSW and Other Welding Parameters 5 Friction Stir Welding in Automobile Industry 5.1 Friction Stir Welding of Steel and Aluminum Alloy 5.2 Application 6 Friction Stir Welding for Electric Vehicles 6.1 Bonding Technology Requirements in the Automotive Industry 6.2 Battery Housing for Plug-In Hybrid Vehicles with Integrated Cooling Using FSW 6.3 Battery Housing for Electric Vehicles Using FSW 7 Friction Stir Welding Defects and Causes 8 Application of Friction Stir Welding in Defects 9 Conclusions References A Review on Cloud Manufacturing Technologies of Industry 4.0 1 Introduction 2 Key Technologies of Cloud Manufacturing 2.1 Fundamental Concepts of Cloud Manufacturing 2.2 Role of Cloud Computing in Cloud Manufacturing 2.3 Key Characteristics of Cloud Manufacturing 2.4 User Model in Cloud Manufacturing 2.5 Factors Driving Cloud Manufacturing Implementation 2.6 Problems Faced by the Implementation of Cloud Manufacturing 2.7 Future Perspectives 3 Conclusions References Effect of Different Tool Electrodes (Wire) of WEDM Process of Inconel 718 1 Introduction 2 Experimental Setup and Experimentation 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Influence of Machining Variables on MRR 3.2 Influence of Machining Variables on SR 3.3 Multi-objective Optimization Using TOPSIS 4 Conclusions References Effect of Speed and Temperature on the Tribological Behaviour of ADI 1 Introduction 2 Material and Experimental Procedures 3 Results and Discussions 4 Conclusions References Investigation on Effect of Reinforcing Fillers and Matrix on Polymer Bio-composites—A Review 1 Introduction 2 Polymer Matrix Composites (PMCs) 2.1 Natural Fibers or Fillers as Reinforcements in Composites 2.2 Biopolymer Matrix in Composites 3 Conclusions References Experimental Investigations and Optimization of WEDM Parameters Using Taguchi Analysis of Pure Titanium 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Influence of Machining Variables on MRR 3.2 Influence of Machining Variables on SR 3.3 Optimization 4 Conclusions References Multi-response Optimization of Alumina Powder-Mixed WEDM Process Using Taguchi-TOPSIS Approach of Nitinol SMA 1 Introduction 2 Experimental Setup and Experimentation 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Effect of Input Process Parameter on MRR 3.2 Effect of Input Process Parameter on SR 3.3 Multi-objective Optimization Using TOPSIS 4 Conclusions References Rail Welding Technology: Processes and Welding Quality 1 Introduction 2 Welding in Rail 2.1 Different Types of Welding in Rail 2.2 Thermite Welding Process 2.3 Enclosed Arc Welding Process 2.4 Flash Butt Welding Process 2.5 Gas Pressure Welding Process 3 Different Parameters in Welding 3.1 Weld Quality 3.2 Drawback in Welding Process 3.3 Increased Weld Quality 3.4 Parameter Comparison of Welding Process 4 Welding in Developed Countries and Future Scope 5 Conclusion References Evaluation of Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Banana/Aramid/E-Glass Powder Hybrid Composite Plate 1 Introduction 2 Experimental 2.1 Materials 2.2 Composite Fabrication 2.3 Tensile Test 2.4 Flexural Test 2.5 Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusions References Enhancing Productivity of a Manufacturing Company Using Value Stream Mapping—A Case Study 1 Introduction 2 Literature Survey 3 Methodology 3.1 Selecting a Product Line of the Company 3.2 Creating Current VSM 3.3 Creating Future State VSM 4 Results and Discussions 5 Conclusion References Classical Lean Manufacturing Philosophy–A Review 1 Introduction 2 Literature Survey 3 Conclusion References A Review on Key Technologies of Industry 4.0 in Manufacturing Sectors 1 Introduction 2 Key Technologies of Industry 4.0 2.1 Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) 2.2 Big Data (BD) 2.3 Simulation 2.4 Augmented Reality (AR) 2.5 Additive Manufacturing (AM) 2.6 Horizontal and Vertical Integration 2.7 Autonomous Robot 2.8 Cyber Security 2.9 Cloud Computing (CC) 3 Conclusions References A Review on Improving the Surface Characteristics of Aluminum Alloy via Friction Stir Processing 1 Introduction 2 Hardness 3 Wear 4 Conclusion References Influence of Machining Parameters of Fiber Laser Cutting on Al6061-T6 1 Introduction 2 Experimental Setup and Experimentation 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Surface Roughness 3.2 Kerf Width Measurement 3.3 Dross Measurement 3.4 Taperness 4 Conclusions References A Review on Machining Aspects of Shape Memory Alloys 1 Introduction 2 Shape Memory Alloys Using Conventional Machining Processes 2.1 High-Speed Milling 2.2 Turning 2.3 Drilling 3 Shape Memory Alloys Using Non-conventional Machining Processes 3.1 Wire Electrical Discharge Machining (WEDM) 3.2 Spark Erosion Discharge Machining 3.3 Abrasive Water Jet Machining (AWJM) 3.4 Laser Beam Machining (LBM) 4 Conclusions References Author Index