Recent Advances in Mechanical Infrastructure: Proceedings of ICRAM 2020 (Lecture Notes in Intelligent Transportation and Infrastructure)

This book contains high-quality papers presented in the conference Recent Advances in Mechanical Infrastructure (ICRAM 2020) held at IITRAM, Ahmedabad, India, from 21-23 August 2020. The topics covered in this book are recent advances in thermal infrastructure, manufacturing infrastructure and infrastructure planning and design. Preface Contents About the Editors Recent Advances in Manufacturing Infrastructure Prediction of Mechanical Properties in Rotational Moulding of LLDPE Using Machine Learning Model for the Given Oven Residence Time 1 Introduction 1.1 Rotational Moulding 1.2 Machine Learning 1.3 Application of Machine Learning in Different Fields 1.4 Research Gap 2 Methodology 2.1 Training Data 3 Result and Discussion 4 Conclusion References Friction Stir Additive Manufacturing—A Review 1 Introduction 1.1 History of Metal Additive Manufacturing (MAM) 1.2 Types of MAM 1.3 Drawbacks of Conventional Metal Additive Manufacturing (MAM) Techniques 2 Friction-Based Manufacturing 2.1 Introduction of Solid-State Welding 2.2 Friction Stir-Based Welding Joining Techniques 3 Friction Stir Additive Manufacturing (FSAM) 3.1 Type 1 Friction Stir Additive Manufacturing 3.2 Type 2 Friction Stir Additive Manufacturing 4 Scope of Friction Based Additive Technologies 4.1 Advantages of Friction-Based Additive Technologies Over Fusion AM 4.2 Material Feasibility of Friction Stir Additive Manufacturing 4.3 Industrial Impact 5 Research in the Field of FSAM 6 Conclusion References Processibility Analysis of Rotationally Moldable Linear Low-Density Polyethylene/Glass Fiber Blend 1 Introduction 2 Experimental Procedure 2.1 Materials 2.2 Equipment Used 3 Result and Discussion 4 Conclusion References Feasibility of Joining Aluminum to Nylon Using Friction Stir Welding (FSW) 1 Introduction 2 Experiment Procedures 3 Result and Discussion 3.1 Effect of FSW Parameter (Spindle Speed) 3.2 Effect of Material Position 3.3 Effect of Offset 4 Future Scope 5 Conclusion References Rejection Rate Minimization of Cast Iron Components Through Metallurgical Analysis 1 Introduction 2 Experimental Procedure 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusions References A Study on the Comparison Between Activated TIG Variants on Weld Bead Profile of P91 Steel. Part: 1 1 Introduction 2 Experimental Work 2.1 Base Metal 2.2 Activated Fluxes 2.3 Experimental Setup and Bead-on-Plate Weld Test Coupon Preparation 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Effect of Oxide Fluxes on Weld Dimensions and Depth of Penetration 3.2 Effect of Oxide Fluxes on HAZ Width 4 Future Scope of Work 5 Conclusion References Role of Surface Cracking and Recast Layer Deposition on Formation of Hardened Layer During EDM of Inconel 825 with Varied Electrode Material 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusions References On Abrasive Flow Finishing of Straight Bevel Gear 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Gear Material and Specifications 2.2 Experimental Setup and Fixture for AFF of the Gears 2.3 Details of Experimentation and the Considered Responses 2.4 Measurement of the Responses 3 Result and Analysis 4 Conclusions References An Effect of Process Parameter on Physical Appearance of Deposited Friction Surfaced Layer: A Feasibility Approach 1 Introduction 2 Material Characterizations 3 Experimental Work 4 Results and Discussions 4.1 Effect of Process Parameter 5 Conclusion References A Review on Applications of Nitinol Shape Memory Alloy 1 Introduction 2 Applications of Shape Memory Alloys 2.1 Automotive Applications 2.2 Aerospace Applications 2.3 Biomedical Applications 3 Conclusions References Surface Composite AA6061/SiC Manufactured by Hole and Groove Method Friction Stir Processing 1 Introduction 2 Material and Methods 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusions References Reliability Analysis of Car Subsystem by Weibull Two Parameter Analysis 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 3 Results and Discussions 3.1 Clutch System 3.2 Rear Brake System 3.3 Suspension System 3.4 Front Brake System 4 Conclusion References A Review of Challenges to Hastelloy – C Series Weld Overlay 1 Introduction 2 Background 3 Key Aspects for Welding of Hastelloy – C Series 3.1 Metallurgical Aspects 3.2 Physical Property and Mechanical Property of Hastelloy – C Series 3.3 Corrosion Behavior of Hastelloy – C Series 3.4 Weld Overlay of Hastelloy – C Series 4 Summary References Analysis of Dimensional Accuracy of ABS M30 Built Parts Using FDM Process 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Materials 2.2 Methods 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusion References Reduction of Scrap and Rework Cost by Implementing 5S Methodology: A Case Study 1 Introduction 2 Case Study 2.1 Company Profile 2.2 Problems and Objectives 2.3 Data Collection 3 Procedure 4 Findings and Discussions 4.1 Findings 4.2 Discussions 5 Result 6 Conclusion References Grain Refinement and Improvement in Microhardness of AZ91 Mg Alloy Via Friction Stir Processing 1 Introduction 2 Experimental Work 3 Result and Discussion 3.1 Friction Stir Processing 3.2 Microstructure Analysis 3.3 Microhardness and Grain Size Study 4 Conclusions References Effect of Number of Passes and Pass Directions in Friction Stir Processing of Copper 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Workpiece and Fixture Setup 2.2 Thermocouple Arrangement 2.3 Process Parameters 2.4 Testing Criteria 3 Result and Discussions 3.1 Peak Temperature 3.2 Macrostructure 3.3 Micro Structure 3.4 Tensile Test Result 4 Conclusions 5 Future Scope References Applicability of Bobbin Tool Friction Stir Welding for Dissimilar Al-Mg Joint 1 Introduction 2 Experimental Procedure 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Conventional FSW 3.2 Bobbin Tool FSW (BTFSW) 3.3 Possible Causes of the Limited Success of BTFSW Weld 4 Conclusions References Recent Advances in Thermal Infrastructure Estimation of Thermodynamic and Transport Properties of Metallic Materials 1 Introduction 2 Experimental Apparatus 3 Mathematical Formulation 3.1 Temperature Solution 4 Estimation Procedure and Optimal Experiment Design 5 Standard Deviations of the Estimates 6 Conclusions References Design Improvement of a Vertically Oriented Thermal Energy Storage System Considering Melting Front Propagation 1 Introduction 2 Problem Statement 3 Numerical Modeling 3.1 Initial and Boundary Conditions 3.2 Solution Procedure 4 Model Validation and Independence Study 5 Results and Discussion 5.1 Effect of Type of Partition 5.2 Effect of PCM Mass Proportion in Each Zone 6 Conclusions References Numerical Study of Slot Jet Impingement on a Cylinder by Using Two-Equation Turbulence Models 1 Introduction 2 Problem Statement and Computational Model 3 Results and Discussion 4 Summary References Thermal Simulation of Li-Ion Battery Pack Using ANSYS Fluent 1 Introduction 2 Efficiency and Heat Generation 3 Different Type of Cooling Method for Li-Ion Battery 4 Simulation Setup, Data, and Mathematical Equation 4.1 Simulation Setup 4.2 Mathematical Equations 4.3 Data Taken for Simulation 5 Results 5.1 Total Heat Generation 5.2 Ohmic Heat Generation 5.3 Static Temperature 6 Conclusion References Experimental Investigation of Heat Sinks with and Without Perforation—Addressing Toward Higher Cooling Rates and Optimum Material 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 3 Materials and Methodology 3.1 The Heat Sink and the Heating Coil 3.2 Uncertainty Analysis 4 Results and Discussion 4.1 Temperature History for Steady-State Analysis 4.2 Experiments with Solid 6 Fin Based Heat Sink 4.3 Experiment with Six Fin-Based Perforated (8 and 10 mm) Heat Sink 5 Conclusion References Selection of Optimum Castor–Rapeseed Emulsified Fuel Based on Engine Performance, Combustion and Emission Analysis 1 Introduction 2 Experimental Setup and Methodology 2.1 Experimental Setup 2.2 Experiment Methodology 3 Result and Discussion 3.1 Stability Analysis 3.2 Performance Analysis 3.3 Combustion Analysis 3.4 Emission Analysis 3.5 Selection Parameters 4 Conclusion References Experimental Measurement of Laminar Flame Velocities of LPG–Air Mixtures with Cylindrical Flame Tube Method 1 Introduction 2 Experimental Setup 2.1 Experimental Procedure 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusion References Performance Analysis of Double Pipe by Using Different Nanofluids 1 Introduction 2 Numerical Analysis 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusion References Estimation of Contact Conductance Between Two Dissimilar Metal Rods by Jaya Algorithm 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Direct Problem 2.2 Inverse Problem 3 Results 4 Conclusions References Emission and Performance Analysis of Four-Stroke Dual-Cylinder Engine Using Waste Plastic Pyrolysis Oil as Biodiesel 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Method 2.1 Experimental Setup 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Brake Thermal Efficiency 3.2 Brake-Specific Fuel Consumption 3.3 Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Emissions 3.4 Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx) Emission 3.5 Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) 4 Conclusion References Estimation of Transient Boundary Heat Flux Using Modified JAYA Algorithm in Laminar Duct Flow 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Direct Problem 2.2 Inverse Problem 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusion References Estimation of Boundary Heat Flux with Conjugate Gradient Method by Experimental Transient Temperature Data 1 Introduction 2 One-Dimensional Transient Heat Conduction Problem 3 The Inverse Problem 4 Conjugate Gradient Method (CGM) 4.1 Sensitivity Problem and Search Step Size 4.2 Adjoint Problem and Gradient Equation 4.3 Stopping Criteria 5 Computational Procedure for CGM 6 Experimental Setup Description and Results 7 Conclusion References A Study of Linear Fresnel Solar Collector Reflector Field for Performance Improvement 1 Introduction 2 Review for Linear Fresnel Collector 2.1 LFC Development 3 LFC Reflector Field Configuration 3.1 Solar Field Orientation 3.2 Reflector Location 3.3 Width and Shape of Reflectors 4 Future Aspects of Linear Fresnel Collector 5 Conclusion References Recent Advances in Design Infrastructure Kinematic Analysis of Planar Mechanisms by Means of Computer-Aided Design Software 1 Introduction 2 Overview of SolidWorks Motion Analysis 2.1 Workflow 3 Kinematic Analysis of Planar Mechanisms 3.1 Peaucellier–Lipkin Linkage 3.2 Watt’s Straight-Line Mechanism 4 Conclusion References Superplasticity: Recent Approaches and Trends 1 Introduction 2 Superplasticity 3 Severe Plastic Deformation Approaches 3.1 High Pressure Torsion 3.2 Multi-axial Forging 3.3 Accumulated Roll Bonding 3.4 Equal Channel Angular Pressing 3.5 Friction Stir Processing 4 Challenges and Future Scope References Design for Retractable Staircase for Buses 1 Introduction 2 Product Development Procedure 2.1 Identification of Opportunity 2.2 Concept Generation 2.3 Selection of Concept 3 Modeling the Solution 4 Conclusion Reference Industry 4.0 Technology: Design and Manufacturing of Modular Fixture 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 3 Design and Development of Modular Fixture 3.1 Statement of Problem 3.2 Component Details 3.3 Design of Fixture 4 Conclusions References Design and Development of Spoon Bundling Machine 1 Introduction 1.1 Design, Material and Method 1.2 Design of Base Mechanism 1.3 Design of Star Wheel 1.4 Design of Storage Mechanism 2 Design of Glue Mechanism 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Working and Discussion of the Machine 3.2 Capacity of One Labour to Make the Bundles of Spoons 3.3 Capacity of 100 Labour’s to Make the Bundles of Spoons in One Month 3.4 Calculation of Labour Cost 3.5 Capacity of One Machine to Make the Bundles of Spoons in One Hour 3.6 Capacity of One Machine to Make the Bundles of Spoons in Six Hours 4 Conclusion References Effect of Optimized Slip and Texture Zone on the Performance of Hydrodynamic Journal Bearing 1 Introduction 2 Mathematical Formulation 2.1 Computational Procedure 2.2 Validation 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusion References Structural Analysis, Design, and Implementation of Safety Access to High Pressure Helium Gas Storage Vessels at IPR 1 Introduction 2 Technical Requirement of Structure Fabrication 3 Design Parameters and Boundary Conditions for Structure 4 Fabrication and Installation Procedure 5 Mechanical Analytical Analysis of Structure 5.1 Spiral Ladder 5.2 Central Pipe 5.3 Tread Design Method and Calculation 5.4 Platform Bridge Type Structure 6 Analysis of Failure Condition of Different Elements of Structure and Results 7 Non-destructive Test 8 Technical Challenges and Experience 9 Result and Discussion References Design and Analysis of Circular and Square Arm for an Articulated Robot 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 2.1 Research Gap 3 Design 3.1 Circular Cross Section 3.2 Square Cross Section 4 DH Parameter 5 Forward Kinematics 6 Inverse Kinematics 7 ANSYS 7.1 Analysis of Circular Robotic Arm 7.2 Analysis of Square Arm Robot 8 Conclusion References Kinematic Analysis and Simulation of Industrial Robot Based on RoboAnalyzer 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 3 Denavit–Hartenberg Parameters of KUKA KR5 Arc 4 Forward Kinematics Analysis 5 Inverse Kinematics Analysis 6 Conclusion References A Simplified Method for Conversion of Lumbar Spine CT Images into Three-Dimensional Solid Model 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Method 2.1 Inclusion Criteria 2.2 CT Image Segmentation in Mimics 2.3 Surface to Solid Modelling 3 Conclusion References Design of Automatic Multipurpose Indian Flatbread Maker 1 Introduction 2 Design of Mechanical Subsystems 2.1 Main Frame Structure 2.2 Cam Follower Presser Mechanism 2.3 Sprocket and Chain Mechanism 2.4 Conveyor Assembly 3 Design Calculations 3.1 Stress Calculations for Square Pipe 3.2 Load Calculations for Bearings 3.3 Stress Calculations for Shaft 4 Fabrication of Parts 4.1 Cutting 4.2 Grinding Operation 4.3 Pattern Making 4.4 Casting 4.5 Bending 4.6 Drilling 4.7 Boring 4.8 Welding 5 Conclusion References Author Index 496467_1_En_43_Chapter_OnlinePDF.pdf Correction to: Superplasticity: Recent Approaches and Trends Correction to: Chapter “Superplasticity: Recent Approaches and Trends” in: A. K. Parwani et al. (eds.), Recent Advances in Mechanical Infrastructure, Lecture Notes in Intelligent Transportation and Infrastructure, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-4176-033