Recent Advances in Civil Engineering: Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Sustainable Construction Technologies and Advancements in ... (Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 233)

The book presents the select proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Sustainable Construction Technologies and Advancements in Civil Engineering (ScTACE 2021). This book discusses the latest developments and contributions towards sustainable construction technologies and advances in civil engineering. Various topics covered in this book are construction technologies, geotechnical engineering, transportation and traffic engineering, structural engineering, environmental engineering, remote sensing and GIS, geo-environmental engineering, water resources engineering and earthquake engineering. This book will be useful for students, researchers and professionals working in the area of civil engineering. Foreword Preface Acknowledgements Contents About the Editors Self-compacting Concrete Using Tobacco Waste Ash 1 Introduction 2 Materials 2.1 Cement 2.2 Fly Ash 2.3 Tobacco Waste Ash 2.4 Fine Aggregate 2.5 Coarse Aggregate 2.6 Sieve Analysis 2.7 Superplasticizer 3 Methodology 3.1 Energy Dispersive X-ray Analysis 3.2 Determination of W/C Ratio 3.3 Determination of Optimum Replacement Percentage 3.4 Mix Proportioning 3.5 Tests on Fresh Concrete 3.6 Casting of Concrete Specimens 3.7 Tests on Hardened Concrete 4 Results and Discussion 4.1 Optimum Replacement Percentage 4.2 Fresh Concrete Properties 4.3 Hardened Concrete Properties 5 Conclusions References Shear Strengthening of RC Beams by NSM Technique Using GFRP Strips for Sustainable and Resilient Infrastructure 1 Introduction 2 Details and Experimental Program on the Specimens 3 Procedure for NSM Strengthening 4 Test Setup 5 Results and Discussions 5.1 Behaviour of Load Deflection and Crack Pattern 5.2 Control Beam (CB) 5.3 B4S60 Strengthened Beam 5.4 B6S60 Strengthened Beam 5.5 B4S75 Strengthened Beam 5.6 B6S75 Strengthened Beam 6 Effects of NSM Orientation 7 Effect of GFRP Strip Spacing on Strengthened Beams 8 The Effect of GFRP—Enhanced Beams 9 Stress–Strain Behaviour of Tested Beams 10 Conclusion References 3D Concrete Printing Technology Current Progress and Future Perspective: A State-of-the-Art Review 1 Introduction 2 3D Concrete Printing Latest Technology and Its Materials 3 3D PRINTING Construction on MARS 4 3D Printing in Concrete Applications in Construction Industry 5 Latest 3D Concrete Printing Technologies in the World 5.1 Extrusion-Based Method 5.2 Contour Crafting Method 5.3 Concrete Printing Method 5.4 Concrete On-Site 3D Printing 5.5 3DCP Using Ultra-High Performance Concrete in Large Scale Construction Industry 6 Conclusions References A BIM-Based Approach of Electrical Network Analysis and Applications Using GIS Tools 1 Introduction 2 BIM for Electrical Network Design (END) 2.1 Panel Board Connections 2.2 Wiring Connections 2.3 Creation of Lighting Fixtures 2.4 Creation of Switching Circuits 2.5 Creation of Power Distribution System 3 Geo BIM Analysis of Electrical System Design 4 Geometric Network Analysis (GNA) 4.1 Detection of Short Circuits in ESD 4.2 Detection of Disconnected Network in ESD 4.3 Estimation of Flow Direction in ESD 5 Conclusions References Generation of LOD-2 3D Building Models from High-resolution Stereo Satellite Data Using Remote Sensing and Photogrammetry 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 DGPS Surveying 2.2 Remote Sensing Data Products 2.3 Photogrammetric Data Processing 3 Extraction of Building Heights 4 3D Building Modeling 4.1 Modeling Through City Engine 4.2 Modeling Through FME 4.3 Modeling Through QGIS 5 Conclusions References Experimental Investigations on Flexural Behaviour of Steel Fibres Reinforced Quaternary Blended Self-compacting Concrete Slabs Using Mineral Admixtures 1 Introduction 2 Experimental Study 3 Conclusions References Influence of Mineral Admixtures and M-Sand on Fresh and Hardened Properties of Self-Compacting Concrete 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Test Methods 2.1 Cement 2.2 Fine Aggregate 2.3 Coarse Aggregate 2.4 Water 2.5 Flyash 2.6 Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag 2.7 Silica Fume 2.8 M-Sand 2.9 Super Plasticizer 2.10 Mix Proportions 2.11 Tests on Fresh Self-compacting Concrete 2.12 Compressive Strength Test 3 Discussion of Test Results 3.1 Mineral Admixtures and M-sand Effect on SCC Fresh Properties 3.2 Effect of Mineral Admixtures and M-sand on Hardened SCC Properties 3.3 Relationship Between Fresh Properties and Hardened Properties Results 4 Conclusions References Experimental Investigation on Compressive Strength and Permeability of Pervious Concrete Pavement (PCP) with Alternative Mixes 1 Introduction 2 Appraisal of Anterior Studies 2.1 Explication of Strength Attribute of PCP 2.2 Explication of Void Content and Permeability of PCP 2.3 Explication of Aggregate Usage in PCP 2.4 Miscellaneous Study 3 Experiential Approach 3.1 Cataloging of Materials 3.2 Material Mixing and Casting of Cylinders 3.3 Phase 1 Approach 3.4 Phase 2 Approach 4 Conclusions References Evaluation of Functional Effectiveness of Speed Humps in Accordance to IRC Specifications 1 Introduction and Background 1.1 Objectives of the Study 2 Literature Review 3 Traffic Calming Measures 4 Site Selection and Data Collection 5 Result Analysis 6 Conclusions and Recommendations References An Endeavor for Accomplishing GFRG Panel as a Load-Bearing Member in Civil Engineering 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Cement 2.2 GFRG Panel 2.3 Aggregate 2.4 Axial Load Strength 3 Experimental Result and Discussion 4 Conclusion References Comparative Study of Regular and Irregular Buildings Using Framed Tube Structure and Viscous Dampers 1 Introduction 1.1 Framed Tube System 1.2 Viscous Dampers 2 Objectives 3 Methodology 4 Model Data 5 Analysis 6 Results and Discussions 6.1 Results of Regular Shaped Structure 6.2 Results of Irregular Shaped Structure 7 Conclusion 7.1 For Regular Structure 7.2 For L Shaper Irregular Structure References The Application of Statistics and Fuzzy Logic in Predicting Slope Stability 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 3 Results and Discussions 3.1 Case Study 4 Conclusions References Utilization of Red Mud as Sustainable Material: A State of Art Review 1 Introduction 1.1 Generation of Red Clay 1.2 Objective of the Paper 2 Material Properties 2.1 Physical Properties 2.2 Chemical Properties 2.3 Pozzolanic Properties 2.4 pH 3 Mechanical Properties of RM Concrete 3.1 Compressive Strength 3.2 Split Tensile Strength 4 Durability Characteristics 4.1 Effect of Accelerated Corrosion 4.2 Sulfate Attack 5 Availability of Red Mud for Construction Uses and Problems Associated 5.1 Geopolymer Concrete from RM 5.2 Application of RM in Ceramics 5.3 Application of RM in Stabilized Bricks 6 Conclusion References Usage of Polyacrylic Acid in Cold Mix Applications: A Review 1 Introduction 1.1 Polyacrylic Acid 2 Literature Review 2.1 Background 2.2 Cold Mix Asphalts 2.3 Mineral Fillers 2.4 Binders 2.5 Natural Fiber and Polymers 2.6 Polyacrylic Acid 3 Summary 4 Conclusions References Self-healing Concrete Based on Bacteria for Sustainable Infrastructure: A State-of-the-Art Review 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 3 Self-healing Mechanism of Bacteria in Concrete 4 Mechanism of Self-healing for Cementitious Materials 5 Conclusion References Digital Concrete for Sustainable Construction Industry: A State-of-the-Art Review 1 Introduction 2 Development of the 3D Printing Technology 3 3D Concrete Printing (3DCP) Technologies 3.1 Extrusion-Based Layering 3.2 Powder-Based Methods 4 Conclusion References Identification and Ranking of Construction Productivity Factors in Construction Projects in Wilayat A’Seeb 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Sample Size 2.2 Data Collection 2.3 Data Analysis 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Management Group 3.2 Technological Group 3.3 Labor Group 3.4 External Group 3.5 Productivity Factors in A ‘Seeb—Ranking Based on Relative Importance 3.6 The Average of the Productivity Factor Groupings Overall 4 Conclusion and Recommendations References Performance of Pervious Concrete as a Sustainable Alternative toward Green Infrastructure Using Marginal Aggregates 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methodology 2.1 Materials 2.2 Mix Design 2.3 Sample Preparation 3 Result and Discussion 3.1 Compressive Strength Test 3.2 Tensile Strength Test 3.3 Flexural Strength Test 3.4 Permeability and Porosity Test 4 Comparison of OBBA and Natural Aggregate in PC Mix 5 Conclusion References A Study on Urban Heat Island Using Geospatial Techniques 1 Introduction 2 Retrieval of Land Surface Temperature 2.1 LST from Landsat 5 TM 2.2 Land Surface Temperature from Landsat 8 TIRS 3 Determination of LSE 3.1 Normalized Difference Vegetative Index-Based Emissivity Method 3.2 Temperature Emissivity Separation Method 4 Influence Factors of UHI Effect 5 Source Heat 5.1 Net All-Wave Radiation (Q*) 5.2 Net Heat Advection (∆QA) 5.3 Anthropogenic Heat (QF) 6 LST Validation 7 Conclusions References A Comprehensive Study on Vehicular Pollution and Predictive Simulation—A Review 1 Introduction 2 Vehicle Pollution in India 3 Environmental and Health Effects of Vehicles Pollution 4 Air Quality Modelling 5 Operational Street Pollution Model (OSPM) 6 State of the Art 7 Conclusion References Intelligent Traffic Control System for Smart Transportation—A Way Forward 1 Introduction 1.1 Why Smart Transportation is Important? 2 Influence of Intelligent Traffic Control System on Controlling Traffic Congestion 2.1 Challenges Faced 3 State of Art 4 Smart Traffic Control Systems used in Developed Countries 4.1 Various Ways that are Inaugurated to Overcome Traffic Congestion 5 Conclusion References Performance Evaluation of Potassium Based Additives for Black Cotton Soil Stabilization 1 Introduction 2 Literature Survey 2.1 Stabilization of Soil 2.2 Advantages of Soil Stabilization 2.3 The Principles of Stabilization 2.4 Chemicals Used for Soil Stabilization 3 Proposed System 4 Material Used for Stabilization (KCL) 4.1 Physical Properties 4.2 Chemical Properties 5 Result 6 Conclusion References Possible Utilization of Expansive Soil Incorporated with Bagasse Ash and Bagasse Fibre 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 3 Materials and Methodology 3.1 Expansive Soil 3.2 Preparation of Bagasse Ash 3.3 Bagasse Fibre 3.4 Experimental Programme 4 Discussions and Observations 4.1 Liquid Limit 4.2 Free Swelling 4.3 Compaction Characteristics 4.4 California Bearing Ratio 4.5 Unconfined Compressive Strength 4.6 Performance Improvement 4.7 XRD and SEM Analysis 5 Conclusions References Improving the Geotechnical Properties of Silty Sands by Using GGBS and Coir Fibre 1 Introduction 1.1 Review of Literature 2 Materials 2.1 Soil 3 Experimental Work 4 Compaction Test 5 Unconfined Compression Test 6 Results and Analysis 6.1 Effect of Curing with GGBS 6.2 Effect of Curing with Optimum GGBS and Coir Fibre 7 California Bearing Ratio 8 Conclusions References Mode Choice Model Development for the Effect of Road Transport Service on Air Travel Demand—A Case Study from Jumla to Nepalgunj, Nepal 1 Introduction 1.1 Objectives of the Study 2 Literature Background 2.1 Trend of Air Transport in Nepalgunj Airport 2.2 Comparison Between Air Transport and Road Transport 2.3 Effect of Socio-demographic Variables on Mode Choice 2.4 Factors Affecting Mode Choice 3 Study Area 3.1 Sample Size Determination 3.2 Primary Data 3.3 Secondary Data 4 General Analysis of Data 4.1 Gender of Respondents 4.2 Age of Respondents 4.3 Job of Respondents 4.4 Average Monthly Income of Respondents 4.5 Level of Education 4.6 Family Size of Respondents 4.7 Travel Characteristics in Influence Area 4.8 Number of Family Trips to Nepalgunj 4.9 Purpose of Trip to Nepalgunj 4.10 Important Factors Choosing Transportation Modes 5 Model Development 5.1 Validation of Model 5.2 Result from Model 6 Conclusions References Analyzing the Demand and Pattern of Electric-Rickshaw Trips: En Route to Sustainable Travel Option 1 Introduction 2 Review of Literature 3 Study Methodology and Data Collection 3.1 Study Area Characteristics 3.2 Detail Surveys for Data Acquisition 4 Data Analysis and Results 4.1 Analysis of Perception Survey Data (E-rickshaw Demand Over Time) 4.2 Zoning the Study Area 4.3 E-rickshaw Trip Data Analysis (Desire Line Diagram) 4.4 Routing and Charging Station Location 5 Summary and Conclusion References Compressive Strength of Quaternary Blended Self-Compacting Concrete Made with Supplementary Cementitious Materials Through Regression Analysis 1 Introduction 2 Experimental Study 3 Conclusions References Analysis and Comparison of RCC and Steel–Concrete Composite High Rise Buildings 1 Introduction 2 Description of Structures Design Data Details 3 Result and Discussion 3.1 Bending Moment 3.2 Axial Force 3.3 Shear Force 3.4 Displacement 4 Reviews for Composite Beam and Composite Column 5 Conclusion and Recommendation References A Study on Deformation Characteristics of Splice Connection in Steel Structures 1 Introduction 2 Experimental Programme 3 Numerical Study 3.1 Description of FE Model 4 Results and Discussions 5 Conclusions References A Comparative Study on Strength Characteristics of Fiber Reinforced Geoactivator Activated Geopolymer Concrete 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 3 Experimental Study 3.1 Materials 3.2 Mix Design 4 Results and Conclusions 4.1 Workability 4.2 Compressive Strength 4.3 Split Tensile Strength 4.4 Flexural Strength 5 Conclusions References Stone Crushers: A Technical Review on Significant Part of Construction Industry 1 Introduction 1.1 Motivation of the Work 1.2 Effect of Various Parameters on Crusher Performance and Efficiency 2 Concept of Stone Crusher 2.1 Primary Crusher 2.2 Secondary Crusher 2.3 Tertiary Crushing 3 Analytical, Numerical and Experimental Research Conducted on Different Types of Crushers 3.1 Experimental and Numerical Analysis of Primary Crushers 3.2 Experimental and Numerical Analysis of Secondary Crushers 4 Gap Analysis and Future Scope 5 Conclusion References 3D Concrete Printing in Construction Industry—A State of the Art 1 Introduction 2 History of 3D Concrete Printing 3 Present 3D Concrete Printing Technologies 3.1 Extrusion-Based Techniques 3.2 Powdered-Based Techniques 4 3DCP Process 5 Current Potentials and Challenges of 3DCP 5.1 Potentials of 3DCP 5.2 Challenges of 3DCP 6 Conclusion References Effect of Steel–Polyester Fiber Combination on the Fresh and Mechanical Properties of Concrete 1 Introduction 2 Experimental Program 2.1 Materials 2.2 Mix Design and Mixing 2.3 Sample Preparation 2.4 Testing Methods 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Compressive Strength 3.2 Split Tensile Strength 3.3 Flexural Tensile Strength 3.4 Impact Strength 4 SEM Examination 5 Conclusions References Modal Analysis of Bridges with New Concretes: Replacing the Regular Construction Material Under the Action of Seismic Load 1 Introduction 2 Bridge Modeling and Materials 3 Analysis 4 Result and Discussion 4.1 Demand-Capacity Ratio 4.2 Mode Shapes 5 Conclusion References Effect of Speed Calming Measures on Vehicular Speed for Rural Roads 1 Introduction 2 Study Area and Field Studies 2.1 Geometry of Speed Calming Measures 2.2 Spot Speed 3 Result and Discussion 3.1 Effect of SCM on Speed at Curve Sections 3.2 Effect of SCM on Vehicle Speed at Village Limits 3.3 Effect of Types of SCM on Speed for Different Vehicles 3.4 Regression Analysis 4 Conclusions References Engineering Properties of Concrete Containing Hazardous Drywalls Waste and GGBS 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Binder Materials 2.2 Aggregates 2.3 Mix-Proportions 2.4 Experimental Studies 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Mechanical Properties 3.2 Durability Properties 4 Conclusions References Mechanical Properties of an Industrial Waste Concrete with Self-compacting Geopolymerization 1 Introduction 2 Material Used and Sample Preparation 2.1 Materials 2.2 Preparation and Casting of Specimens for Testing 3 Experimental Work and Their Discussions 3.1 Compressive Strength 3.2 Flexural Strength 3.3 Split Tensile Strength 4 Conclusion References Workers Safety at Indian Construction Sites—A Survey 1 Introduction 2 Review of Literature 2.1 Research Significance 3 Methodology 3.1 Questionnaire Design 4 Result Analysis and Discussion 4.1 Evaluation of Worker Safety Status at Large Construction Firms/ Projects 4.2 Evaluation of Worker Safety Status at Medium Construction Firms/ Projects 4.3 Evaluation of Worker Safety Status at Small Construction Firms/Projects 4.4 Evaluation of Worker Safety Status at Construction Firms on a Whole 4.5 Comparison of Worker Safety at Various Categories of Construction Project 5 Conclusions References Sediment Transport Modelling in Stream Flow by HEC-RAS Model—A State-of-the-Art 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 3 Description of Sediment Transport Models 4 Overview of Hydrologic Engineering Center’s River Analysis System (HEC-RAS) 5 Summary of Literature Review 6 Conclusion References Application of Waste Tyre Rubber Crumbs in Strengthening of Bituminous Roads 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 3 Materials Used 3.1 Crumbed Rubber 3.2 Bitumen 4 Methods 4.1 Preparation of CRMB 5 Tests, Results, and Discussions 5.1 Specific Gravity Test of Normal Bitumen 5.2 Penetration Test 5.3 Softening Point Test 5.4 Ductility Test 5.5 Flash Point and Fire Point Test 6 Conclusion References 41 Effect of Fly Ash Inclusion on Fresh and Hardened Properties of Concrete: A Review Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Effect of FA on Human and Environment 2.1 Effect of FA on Humans 2.2 Effect of FA on Environment 3 Fresh Concrete Properties 3.1 Slump 4 Hardened Concrete Properties 4.1 Compressive Strength 4.2 Flexural Strength 4.3 Split Tensile Strength 4.4 Modulus of Elasticity 5 Conclusions References Flexural Performance of Steel Fibre Reinforced Ternary Concrete Slabs 1 Introduction 1.1 Research Significance and Objectives 2 Experimental Program 2.1 Material and mixing 2.2 Slab Details 2.3 Casting and Testing of Slabs 3 Experimental Results 3.1 Slump of Concrete 3.2 Compressive Strength 3.3 Load Carrying Capacity 3.4 Energy Absorption 4 Conclusions 5 Recommendations References Influential Factors and Facilities of Pedestrian Crossings in Heterogeneous Traffic Conditions at Unsignalized Intersections—A Comprehensive Review 1 Introduction 2 State of Art 3 Pedestrian Facilities at Signalized and Unsignalized Intersection 3.1 Signalized Intersection 3.2 Unsignalized Intersection 4 Categorization of PLOS 5 Pedestrian Delay Model 5.1 Types of Delay 6 Webster’s Delay Models 7 Factors Affecting Pedestrian Characteristics 8 Conclusion References Study on Characteristics of Geopolymer Concrete 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Results 3.2 Discussion 4 Conclusion References A Machine Learning Perspective for Remote Sensing 1 Introduction 2 Literature Survey 3 ML Datasets for Remote Sensing 3.1 Indian Pines Dataset 3.2 GEOBIA Dataset 4 ML Algorithms for Remote Sensing 5 Conclusion References A Review on Structural Stabilization and Strengthening Through Retrofitting 1 Introduction 2 Principles of Structural Strengthening and Retrofitting Design 3 Literature Reviews 4 Retrofitting Techniques 4.1 FRP Composites 4.2 Modeling of Adobe Structures 4.3 Failure Techniques 4.4 Failure of URM Buildings 4.5 Braced Steel Frames 5 Conclusion References Performance Analysis of Jute Fiber Reinforced Concrete Composite 1 Introduction 1.1 Literature Review 2 Experimental Study 2.1 Raw Materials 3 Methods 3.1 Characteristics Compression Strength 3.2 Tension Test 3.3 Bending Strength 4 Results and Discussion 5 Conclusion References Numerical Investigation on the Flexural Behaviour of CFRP Strengthened Steel Pipes 1 Introduction 2 Background 3 Numerical Study 4 Results and Discussion 4.1 Behaviour of the 30D3T Steel Pipe 4.2 Behaviour of the 30D4T Steel Pipe 4.3 Behaviour of the 40D3T Steel Pipe 4.4 Behaviour of the 40D4T Steel Pipe 5 Conclusion References Traffic Crowd Assessment and Placing of Traffic Signal at Unsignalized Intersection–A State of Art 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 3 Traffic Crowd at Unsignalized Intersection 3.1 Speed 3.2 Rate of Travel 3.3 Rate of Delay 3.4 Road Segment’s Level of Service 4 SUMO Tool 4.1 SUMO Applications 5 Conclusions References Stabilization of Marine Clay Using Palm Bunch Ash 1 Introduction and Background 2 Materials and Method 2.1 Materials 2.2 Methodology 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Classification Characteristics 3.2 Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS) 3.3 Soaked and Unsoaked CBR 4 Conclusion References