Recent Advances in Bio-Energy Research: Select Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference, ICRABR 2022 (Springer Proceedings in Energy)

This book comprises select proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Recent Advances in Bio-energy Research (ICRABR 2022), providing comprehensive coverage on bio-energy-related fields and prospects of bio-energy in terms of waste management for energy generation, storage, and application. The content includes themes such as optimisation of energy systems, recent advances in biofuels and bioenergy, biomass hybrid systems, energy efficiency, electrochemical conversion of biofuels to renewable energy, energy management and policy, and the inter-linkages between energy and sustainable development. This book is of use to academics, researchers, consultants, and policymakers alike. Conference Committee Members Preface Contents About the Editors Part I Biochemical Conversion 1 Analysis of Methane Emission Reduction of Biogas Plant at Bhopal 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Methods 1.2.1 Deciding Project Boundary 1.2.2 Baseline Emission Estimation 1.2.3 Project Emission 1.2.4 Leakage Emission 1.3 Results 1.4 Conclusion References 2 Review of Anaerobic Digestion of Landfill Leachate and its Co-digestion Potential 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Landfill Systems 2.3 Landfill Leachate Characteristics 2.3.1 Leachate Formation 2.3.2 Leachate Properties 2.4 Anaerobic Digestion of Landfill Leachate 2.4.1 Co-digestion 2.5 Biogas Yield 2.6 Future Gap and Challenges 2.7 Conclusion References 3 Nanobiotechnological Routes in Lignocellulosic Waste Pre-treatment for Bio-renewables Production 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Conventional Pre-treatment Methods for Lignocellulose Biomass 3.3 Role of Nanotechnology in the Pre-treatment of LB for the Production of Renewable Energy 3.3.1 Nanoparticles in the Pre-treatment of LB 3.3.2 Nanoscale Shear Hybrid Alkaline Method 3.3.3 Carbon Nanotubes in the Pre-treatment of LB 3.4 Conclusion References 4 Comparative Study of Enriched Biogas Bottling Cylinder in the Presence of Distinct Filler at Low Pressure 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Material and Methods 4.2.1 Sample Preparation 4.2.2 Biochar Preparation 4.2.3 Sample Characterization 4.2.4 Adsorption Experiment 4.3 Result and Discussion 4.3.1 Proximate and Ultimate Analysis 4.3.2 Thermal Gravimetric Analysis (TGA) 4.3.3 Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) 4.3.4 Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) 4.3.5 Iodine Number and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) Test 4.4 Conclusion References 5 Design and Techno-economic Analysis of a Biogas Plant as an Alternative Heat Source in the Food Processing Industry 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Energy Demand of the Industry 5.3 Energy Equivalence (Replacing Coal with Biogas) 5.4 Designing of Biogas Power Plant 5.4.1 Mathematical Analysis 5.5 Economic Analysis 5.5.1 Capacity Recovery Factor 5.5.2 Levelized Cost of Energy 5.5.3 Net Present Value (NPV) 5.6 Results and Discussion 5.7 Conclusion References Part II Chemical Conversion 6 Synthesis of Biolubricant by Transesterification of Soybean Oil Using Ni–Al Hydrotalcite as a Catalyst 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Experimental 6.2.1 Reagents and Chemicals 6.2.2 Hydrotalcite Preparation 6.2.3 Synthesis of the Soybean Oil-Based Biodiesel 6.2.4 Transesterification of Soybean Oil-Based Biodiesel with Alcohols 6.3 Results and Discussion 6.3.1 Catalyst Characterizations 6.3.2 Biodiesel Characterization 6.3.3 Biolubricant Characterization 6.4 Conclusion References 7 Pretreatment of Rice Husk with Acid and Alkali for Enhancement of Sugar Recovery and Techno-Economic Analysis of the Process 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Material and Methods 7.2.1 Sample Collection 7.2.2 Preparation of Standard Glucose Calibration Curve 7.2.3 Pretreatment Screening 7.2.4 Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Pretreated Rice Husk 7.2.5 SEM and FTIR Analysis 7.2.6 Evaluation of Conversion Using SuperPro 7.3 Result and Discussion 7.3.1 Analysis of Reducing Sugar 7.3.2 Morphological Analysis 7.3.3 FTIR Analysis 7.3.4 Techno-Economic Analysis Using SUPERPRO Designer 7.4 Conclusions References 8 Investigation of Tribological Behavior of a Single Cylinder Diesel Engine Operated with Water-Added Palm Biodiesel–Diesel Fuel Blend 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Material and Methods 8.2.1 Preparation of Stable Fuel Blends 8.2.2 Preparation of Stable Water–Biodiesel Emulsion 8.2.3 Measurement of Fuel Properties of Prepared Fuel Blend 8.2.4 Investigation of Combustion, Performance, and Exhaust Emission Characteristics 8.2.5 Investigation of Tribological Behavior of the Engine 8.2.6 Lubrication Oil Defilement Analysis 8.3 Results and Discussion 8.3.1 Fuel Properties 8.3.2 Combustion, Performance, and Exhaust Emission Characteristics 8.3.3 Brake Thermal Efficiency (BTE) 8.3.4 NOX Emissions 8.3.5 Emissions of Hydrocarbon (HC) 8.3.6 Tribological Behavior of the Engine 8.4 Conclusions References 9 Catalytic Pyrolysis of Mixed Plastic Waste Using Synthesized Composite Catalyst 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Experimental Methods 9.2.1 Materials 9.2.2 Preparation of Acid Bentonite Catalyst 9.2.3 Preparation of Composite Catalyst 9.2.4 Recyclability Experiments 9.2.5 Pyrolysis Experiments 9.2.6 Characterization of Catalyst 9.2.7 Characterization of Product Oil 9.3 Result and Discussion 9.3.1 Thermal Pyrolysis of Plastic Waste 9.3.2 Catalytic Pyrolysis 9.3.3 FTIR Analysis of Product Oil 9.3.4 Properties of Oil 9.4 Conclusion References 10 Utilization of Karanja Seed Shells as a Sustainable Heterogeneous Catalyst for Biodiesel Production 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Materials and Methods 10.2.1 Materials 10.2.2 Catalyst Preparation 10.2.3 Catalyst Characterization 10.2.4 Transesterification Procedure 10.2.5 Biodiesel Analysis 10.3 Results and Discussion 10.3.1 Catalysts Characterization 10.3.2 Catalytic Activity of Catalyst 10.3.3 Biodiesel Characterization 10.4 Conclusions References 11 Combined Effect of Preheating and Addition of CeO2 Nanoparticles in Biodiesel Blend (B20) on Combustion, Emission, and Performance of a 10-kW Diesel Engine 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Materials and Methods 11.2.1 Development of an External Fuel Preheating System 11.2.2 Selection of Cerium Nano-Oxide, Biodiesel Production, and Preparation of Biodiesel Blends 11.2.3 Fuel Properties, Experimental Setup, and Test Methods 11.3 Results and Discussion 11.3.1 Fuel Properties 11.3.2 Combustion Analysis [Ignition Delay (ID) and Heat Release Rate (HRR)] 11.3.3 Performance Analysis [Brake Thermal Efficiency (BTE) and Brake Specific Fuel Consumption (BSFC)] 11.3.4 Exhaust Emissions 11.3.5 Discussion 11.4 Conclusions and Future Recommendations References 12 Techno–Economic Analysis of Protease Enzyme Production and its Biofuel Application 12.1 Introduction 12.2 Process Description 12.2.1 Fermentation Section 12.2.2 Primary Recovery Section 12.2.3 Downstream Segment 12.3 Process Scheduling 12.4 Results and Discussion 12.4.1 Material Balance 12.4.2 Economic Evaluation 12.5 Conclusion References Part III Thermochemical Conversion 13 Biomass Briquetting for Gasification: Waste to Wealth 13.1 Introduction 13.1.1 Renewable Energy 13.1.2 Lignocellulosic Biomass and Conversion Technologies 13.1.3 Gasification 13.2 Briquetting 13.2.1 Potential Biomass and Their Characteristics 13.2.2 Biomass Processing to Briquette and Challenges 13.2.3 Fundamental Aspect of Briquetting 13.2.4 Physical and Chemical Parameters of Briquettes 13.3 Conclusion References 14 Status and Future Thrusts of Sugarcane Processing Waste to Energy Conversion in Sugar Mills of India: Comprehensive Review 14.1 Introduction 14.2 Current Status of Sugar Mills Wastes to Energy Conversion 14.2.1 Alcohol Form Molasses 14.2.2 Cogeneration from Bagasse 14.2.3 Press Mud 14.3 Future Thrusts of Sugarcane Waste to Energy Conversion 14.4 Conclusion References 15 Assessment of Thermal Behavior and Pyrolytic Kinetics of Selected Agro-residues through Thermogravimetric Analysis 15.1 Introduction 15.2 Materials and Methodology 15.2.1 Physicochemical Properties 15.2.2 TG and DTG Analysis 15.2.3 Kinetics Modeling 15.2.4 Thermodynamic Parameters 15.3 Results and Discussion 15.3.1 Physicochemical Properties of SCB and BGS 15.3.2 TG and DTG Analysis 15.3.3 Kinetics and Thermodynamic Parameters 15.4 Conclusion References 16 Slow Pyrolysis of Rice Husk in a Lab-Scale Batch Reactor: Influence of Temperature on the Products Yield and Bio-oil Composition 16.1 Introduction 16.2 Methodologies 16.2.1 Materials 16.2.2 Experimental Procedure 16.2.3 Pre-treatment Method 16.2.4 Characterization of Rice Husk Biomass 16.2.5 Product Analysis Description 16.3 Results and Discussions 16.3.1 Biomass Analysis and Characterization 16.3.2 Product Yields 16.3.3 Bio-oil Characterization 16.4 Conclusion References Part IV Biomass and Energy Management 17 Characterization of Biomass Materials and Identification of their Energy Potential 17.1 Introduction 17.2 Prominent Biomass Materials for Energy Generation in India 17.2.1 Pine Needles (PN) 17.2.2 Prosopis Juliflora (PJ) 17.2.3 Mustard Husk (MH) 17.2.4 Guar Stalk (GS) 17.2.5 Castor Seeds Shell (CSS) 17.2.6 Cotton Stalk (CS) 17.2.7 Rice Husk (RH) 17.2.8 Plant Litter (PL) 17.3 Materials and Methods 17.3.1 Properties of Biomass Materials 17.3.2 TGA and DTG 17.4 Result and Discussion 17.4.1 Ultimate and Proximate Analysis 17.4.2 Tga/dtg 17.5 Conclusion References 18 Effect of Covering Basin Area with Float Wick on the Performance of Single Slope Solar Still: An Experimental Study 18.1 Introduction 18.2 Experimental Setup 18.3 Results and Discussion 18.4 Conclusions References 19 Production of Mycelium-Based Thermal Insulating Material Using Biomass Residue as Substrate 19.1 Introduction 19.2 Materials and Methods 19.2.1 Materials 19.2.2 Preparation of Insulating Material 19.3 Characterization of Insulating Material 19.3.1 Thickness of Prepared Samples 19.3.2 Density of Insulating Materials 19.3.3 Water Absorption Rate 19.3.4 Thermal Conductivity 19.3.5 Mechanical Properties 19.4 Result and Discussion 19.4.1 Thickness 19.4.2 Density 19.4.3 Water Absorption Rate 19.4.4 Thermal Conductivity 19.4.5 Mechanical Properties 19.5 Conclusion References Part V Hybrid Systems 20 Assessment of Economics of Hybrid Biomass Systems and Value to Grid 20.1 Introduction 20.2 Biomass in India: A Scenario 20.3 Methodology and Data 20.3.1 Biomass Value Estimation 20.4 Results and Discussion 20.4.1 Capacity and Energy Value 20.4.2 Diurnal and Seasonal Balancing 20.5 Conclusion and Recommendations References 21 Techno-Economics Assessment of a Distributed Generation Hybrid Renewable Energy System: Western Ghats, Kerala, India 21.1 Introduction 21.2 Materials and Methodology 21.2.1 Case Study 21.2.2 Available Renewable Resources 21.3 Proposed Model 21.4 Results and Discussion 21.4.1 Feasibility Analysis 21.4.2 Economic Analysis 21.4.3 Share of Electricity and Its Generation 21.4.4 Performance of the Storage Device 21.4.5 Cooking Gas 21.4.6 Environmental Impact 21.4.7 Sensitivity Analysis 21.4.8 Validation of the Proposed Model 21.5 Conclusions 21.6 Future Work References 22 Performance Analysis of Hybrid Renewable Energy System for Twenty-Seven Different Locations in India 22.1 Introduction 22.2 Electrical Energy Demand 22.3 Methodology 22.4 Hybrid Energy System Description 22.4.1 Photovoltaic Modules 22.4.2 Battery Bank 22.4.3 Diesel Generator 22.4.4 Power Converter 22.5 Climatic Data 22.6 Results and Analysis 22.6.1 Economic Analysis 22.6.2 Electrical Energy Analysis 22.6.3 Emission Analysis 22.7 Sensitivity Analysis 22.8 Conclusions References