Recent Advances in Applied Mechanics: Proceedings of Virtual Seminar on Applied Mechanics (VSAM 2021) (Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering)

Preface Organization List of Reviewers Contents About the Editors Numerical Studies on Propagation of Non-linear Lamb Waves Through Delaminated Surfaces in Stiffened Composite Plate Structures 1 Introduction 2 Numerical Simulations 2.1 Numerical Modelling 2.2 Modelling the Contact Nonlinearity 2.3 Excitation Details of Ao Mode 3 Result and Discussions 3.1 Delamination Length Equal to Wavelength 3.2 Variation in Frequency for Flat Laminates 3.3 Variation in Frequency in Skin-Spar Structure 3.4 Effect of Presence and Absence of Spar 4 Conclusion References Excitation Bandwidth Dependence of Cantilever Energy Harvester 1 Introduction 1.1 Properties of CEH 2 Research Objectives 3 Experiment on CEH Under Harmonic and Random Excitation 3.1 Experimental Setup 3.2 Experiments 4 Comparison of Harvested Energy under Harmonic and Random Vibrations 5 Conclusions References A Review on Phase-Field Models Applied to Fracture in Solids 1 Introduction 2 Phase-Field Approximation of Crack Topology 3 Theoretical Aspects 3.1 Phase-Field Models for Brittle Fracture 3.2 Input Parameters in the Simulations 4 Finite Element Discretization and Solvers 4.1 Finite Element Discretization 4.2 Irreversibility of the Crack Phase-Field and Its Boundedness 4.3 Solution Strategies 5 Computational Aspects 5.1 Computer Codes 5.2 Element Technologies 5.3 Solvers 5.4 Adaptive Mesh Refinement and Coarsening 5.5 Modelling of Pre-existing Cracks 6 Conclusions 7 Scope for Future Studies References A Simulation Study on Propagation of Action Potential in Epicardial Tissue Due to SCN5A L812Q Gene Mutation 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Model Characterization 2.2 Electrical Activity in Epicardial Tissue 3 Results 3.1 Parallel Propagation in a Normal Cell Grid 3.2 Parallel Propagation in a Mutated Cell Grid 3.3 Diagonal Propagation in a Normal Cell Grid 3.4 Diagonal Propagation in a Mutated Cell Grid 4 Discussion 5 Limitations and Future Scope 6 Conclusion References Evaluation of Outflow Boundary Conditions in DNS of Turbulent Jet Flows 1 Introduction 2 Numerical Methodology 2.1 Solver Details 2.2 Computational Domain Details 2.3 Grid Resolution Check 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Comparison of OBCs 3.2 Results Using Chapman BC 4 Conclusion References Effect of Fluidic Injection on the Core Length of Rectangular Sonic Jet 1 Introduction 2 Experimental Details 3 Results and Discussions 4 Conclusion References Stress Distribution in Infinitely Long Plate with Circular Hole Loaded by Concentrated Loads 1 Introduction 2 Problem Description: Pair of Loads 3 Method for Closed-Form Solution 4 Verification of the Closed Form Solution 4.1 Finite Element Method 4.2 Series Solution Method 4.3 Results for Comparison 5 Extension of Analytical Method to More Loading Cases 5.1 Infinite Plate with a Circular Hole Subjected to 3-Point Symmetric Normal Loading 5.2 Infinite Plate with a Circular Hole Subjected to 4-Point Bi-symmetric Normal Loading 5.3 Infinite Plate with a Circular Hole Subjected to Self Equilibrating n-point Normal Loading 6 Conclusion References Re-deployable Smart Sensor Concept for Modal Estimates of Bridges Subjected to Random and Vehicle Excitations 1 Introduction 2 Re-deployable Smart Mobile Sensor Concept 3 Frequency Domain Decomposition (FDD) 4 Numerical Simulation of Bridge Response Considering Vehicle Bridge Interaction (VBI) 5 Proposed Strategy 6 Numerical Studies 6.1 Model Assurance Criterion (MAC) 6.2 Beam Subjected to Random/White Noise/Gaussian Excitation 6.3 Beam Subjected to Vehicle Excitation 7 Conclusions References Ballistic Study of Shear Thickening Fluid Impregnated Unidirectional Ultra-High Molecular Density Polyethylene Fabric 1 Introduction 2 Materials 3 Experiment and Results 4 Results and Discussion 4.1 Failure Mechanisms 5 Conclusion References Effect of Steel Fibre Content on the Information Entropy of Acoustic Emission Waveforms Generated During Mode I Fracture Process in Cementitious Composites 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 3 Experimental Program 4 Results and Discussion 4.1 Mechanical Response of the Three-Point Bend Specimens Under Mode I Fracture Process 4.2 AE Characteristics of the Three-Point Bend Specimens 4.3 Variation of AE Information Entropy with Vf of Steel Fibres 4.4 Variation of the Slope of Log-Cumulative AE Information Entropy Curve with AE Based b-value 4.5 Variation of AE Information Entropy with AE Based Damage Index 4.6 Correlation of AE Information Entropy with AE Parameters 5 Summary References 3D Non-linear Finite Element Analysis of a Naturally Corroded Beam 1 Introduction 2 Numerical Analysis 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusion References A Review of Stage Separation Systems for Launch Vehicles 1 Introduction 2 Comprehensive Design Requirements 3 Principles of Separation Systems 3.1 Types of Separation Systems 3.2 Working Principles of the Mechanisms 3.3 Challenges in Separation Systems 4 Design Configurations 4.1 Separation by Fluid Communication of Pressurized Gas 4.2 Separation by Holes in Fluid Communication 4.3 Micro-cylinder Pyrotechnic Gas Actuated Separation System 4.4 Fastening and Separating System 4.5 Latching Separation System 4.6 Confined Linear Explosion Separation System 4.7 Pyrofuze Separation System 4.8 Linear Explosive Separation Device 4.9 Shear Pin Pyro-Mechanical Mechanism 4.10 Explosively Actuated Separable Structure 5 Conclusion and Future Work References Testing and Numerical Simulations on Fracture Behavior of Fresh Quartzite Rock Using the Discrete Element Method 1 Introduction 2 Discrete Element Method 3 Sample Preparation and Testing 3.1 Uniaxial Compressive Strength 4 Simulation Framework 4.1 Model Geometry 4.2 Input Parameters 5 Results and Discussions 6 Conclusions References Feasibility of Composite Compressor Blade Using Sub-element Level Bird Strike Tests and Analysis 1 Introduction 2 FEA Analysis 3 Bird Strike Tests 4 Strain Allowable Computation 5 Summary References Influence of Invertube’s Thickness on Crash Energy Absorption 1 Introduction 1.1 Brief About Crush Tube 1.2 Crashworthiness 1.3 Crashworthiness Parameters 1.4 Tube Inversion 2 Methodology and Numerical Simulations 2.1 Methodology 2.2 Material Properties 2.3 FEA Model 2.4 Comparison Between Simulation and Experiment 3 Effect of Thickness Variation 4 Results and Discussion 5 Conclusion References Maximizing the Energy Absorption Capacity of Thin Walled Box Structures Using Ultra High Strength Steels (UHSS) at Sensitive Zones 1 Introduction 2 Crush Box 3 Crush Box with Combination of Mild Steel and UHSS at Sensitive Zones 4 Crush Box with Combination of High Strength Steel and UHSS 5 Application to Full Vehicle Crash Analysis 6 Conclusions References A Non-model Damage Diagnostic Technique for Online Structural Health Monitoring 1 Introduction 2 Energy Extraction from Acceleration Measurements 3 Damage Diagnostic Technique 3.1 First Phase 3.2 Diagnosis Phase 4 Numerical Investigation 5 Conclusion References Simulation of Mixed-Mode Fracture in a Single Phase and Two-Phase Composite Material 1 Introduction 2 The Random Spring Network Model (RSNM) 3 Results 4 Conclusion References Comparable Safety Margins of the Ulnar Fingers When the Thumb Remains on an Unsteady Slider 1 Introduction 2 Methods and Materials 2.1 Participants 2.2 Experimental Setup 2.3 Experimental Procedure 3 Data Analysis 3.1 Magnitude of Grip and Load Forces 3.2 Safety Margin 3.3 Statistics 4 Results 4.1 Task Performance 4.2 Tangential Force 4.3 Safety Margin 5 Discussion 6 Conclusion References Identification of Crack Parameters Using XFEM-QPSO 1 Introduction 2 XFEM Formulation for the Forward Problem 3 Quantum Particle Swarm Optimization (QPSO) for the Inverse Problem 4 Methodology of Crack Tip Identification Using the XFEM-QPSO 5 Numerical Investigations 5.1 Finite Plate with an Interior Crack at Different Orientations Subject to Tensile Stresses 5.2 Numerical Investigations—Compact tension (C(T)) Specimen Under Action of Tensile Loading 6 Conclusion References Computational Study of Hydrodynamics of Mixing Tank with Non-Newtonian Fluids 1 Introduction 2 System Specification 2.1 Mathematical Model 2.2 Governing Equations 3 Numerical Method 4 Validation 5 Results and Discussions 5.1 Effect on Power Consumption 5.2 Effect on Mixing Time 6 Conclusions References Development of a 100 mm-Diameter Split-Hopkinson Pressure Bar for High Strain Rate Characterization of Concrete 1 Introduction 2 Basic Description 3 Challenges Involved 4 Description of Apparatus 5 Experimental Setup and Specimen Preparation 6 Results and Discussion 7 Summary References Numerical Investigation of Bistable Laminates on Geometric Scaling 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 2D Modelling 2.2 3D Modelling 3 Results and Discussions 3.1 Curvature 3.2 Strain Energy 3.3 Snap-Through Force 3.4 In-Plane Stresses 3.5 3D Analysis 3.6 Magnification and Scaling Law 4 Concluding Remarks References Theory of Shape for Living and Non-living Things–Based on Thin Fluid Flows in Hele-Shaw Cell 1 Introduction 2 Theory of Shape for Fluid Flow in Thin Cells 3 Observations 4 Theory of Conservation of Energy for Thin Fluid Flow 5 Theory of Conservation of Energy for Thin Fluid Flow 6 Theory Numerical Simulation and the Results 7 Conclusion References Investigation on Impact Characteristics of Concrete Under Varying Drop Height of Pendulum Impact 1 Introduction 2 Experimental Investigations 3 Constitutive Modelling 4 Validation of Model 5 Dynamic Characteristics of Concrete 6 Conclusion References Axial Stiffness of a Slot-Nut Type Conformal Segment Joint 1 Introduction 2 Numerical Simulations and Experiments 2.1 Numerical Simulation 2.2 Experiments 3 Results and Discussions 4 Conclusions References Simulation and Analysis of Natural Gas Pipe Network for MNNIT (Allahabad) Staff Colony 1 Introduction 2 Numerical Strategy 2.1 Flow Equation 2.2 Design Details of the LNG Pipe Network 2.3 Optimization Techniques Used for the LNG Pipe Network 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Newton-Loop Method (Multi-dimensional) 3.2 Newton-Loop Method (One-Dimensional)/Hardy-Cross Method 3.3 Node Pressure (for Both N-L-M and H-C-M) 3.4 Comparison of Newton-Loop Method (Multi-D) and Hardy-Cross Method 4 Conclusion References To Predict Frictional Pressure-Drop of Turbulent Flow of Water Through a Uniform Cross-Section Pipe Using an Artificial Neural Network 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Activation Functions and Optimizers Used 2.2 Artificial Neural Network Approach 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Initial Attempt with Dataset Having 3,000 Values 3.2 Second Attempt with the Dataset Having 6,000 Values 3.3 Third Attempt with the Dataset Having 10,000 Values 3.4 Comparison Between the Predicted Values and the True Values of the Friction Factor 4 Conclusions References Dynamic Analysis of 3D Printed Polylactic Acid Bolted Joint Beams 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Experimental Results 3.2 Parameter Estimation 3.3 Damping Ratios 3.4 Finite Element Model 3.5 Comparison 4 Conclusions References Effect of Longitudinal Unstiffened Cut-Outs on Buckling Behavior of Metal-FRP Hybrid Airframe Shell 1 Introduction 2 Numerical Simulation Model 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Buckling Patterns 3.2 P-δ Buckling Behavior 4 Conclusions References Vibration Perception Threshold Tuning Curve Towards Early Diagnosis of Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy 1 Introduction 2 Methods 2.1 Experimental Specifics 2.2 Experimental Task 2.3 Experimental Protocol 3 Results and Discussion 4 Summary References Effect of Elevated Finger Temperature on Active Force JND 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Experiment Specifications 2.2 Participant Specifics 2.3 Active Force Discrimination Task 2.4 Quantification of AFD Tasks 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusion References Fatigue Crack Growth Study in Miniature Single Edge Notch Tension Specimen Using Acoustic Emission Technique 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 3 AE Data Filtering 4 Results and Discussion 4.1 Variation of Crack Growth Rate with ΔK 4.2 AE During Fatigue Crack Growth Propagation 4.3 Variation of Cumulative Absolute Energy and Count with Stress Intensity Factor Range 4.4 Variation of AE Parameters for Different Regime of Fatigue Crack Growth 4.5 Relation Between AE and Stress Intensity Factor Range 5 Summary and Conclusion References Numerical Investigations on the Pelton Turbine Jet 1 Introduction 2 Injector Model and Computational Domain 3 Numerical Model 3.1 Discretization and CFD Code Validation 4 Results and Discussion 4.1 Volume Fraction and Jet Velocity 4.2 Injector Characteristics 4.3 Hydraulic Force on the Needle 5 Conclusion References Electromechanical Modelling of Ring Type of MEMS Gyroscopes 1 Introduction 2 Vibratory Ring Gyroscope 2.1 Design and Working Principle 2.2 Mathematical Model 3 Finite Element Analysis 4 Combined Slanting and Scalloping Defect 4.1 Fabrication Process 4.2 Analytical Model 5 Results 5.1 Effects of Fabrication Defects 6 Conclusions References Material Parameter Identification for Brain Tissue Using Open-Source Platforms - GIBBON and FEBio 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Specimen Preparation and Experimental Setup 2.2 Constitutive Modeling and Data Analysis 2.3 Inverse FE Analysis 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusion References Porosity/Distributed Resistance (PDR) Modelling in the CFD Solver PDRFOAM 1 Introduction 2 Porosity/Distributed Resistance 2.1 Brief History 2.2 Numerical Methodology 3 Test Cases 3.1 Problem Definition 3.2 Boundary Conditions 4 Results and Discussion 4.1 Single obstacle 4.2 Star-like Five obstacles 4.3 Obstacles in a single column 4.4 Obstacles in two columns 5 Conclusions References Design of Experimental Setup for Investigation of Leakage in O-Rings 1 Introduction 2 Design of the Setup 2.1 Conceptual Design 2.2 Detailed Design 3 Experimental Setup 3.1 Compression of O-Ring and Gas Pressure Application 3.2 Identifying Circumferential Distribution of Leakage 3.3 Design of Leakage Measurement Setup 4 Preliminary Experiments and Discussion 5 Summary and Conclusions References Development of Digital Twin for Polycrystalline BCC α-Fe 1 Introduction 2 BCC Slip Systems 3 Methodology 3.1 Numerical Model 3.2 Constitutive Model 3.3 Material Parameters 4 Results and Discussion 4.1 Model Calibration 4.2 Active Slip Systems and Their Dependence on the Grain Orientation 4.3 Study of Grain-Grain Interaction and Its Effect on Flow Stress 4.4 Flow Stress Behavior of Polycrystalline α-Fe (4 Cubic Shaped Grains) 5 Conclusion References Interaction of Shock Waves in a Multi-material System 1 Introduction 2 Analytical Study 3 Numerical Study 4 Results and Discussion 4.1 Interaction of Shock at Material Interface 4.2 Interaction of Shock with Boundary 4.3 Collision of Two Shock Waves 4.4 Collision of 2 Rarefaction Waves 5 Conclusion References Analytical Modeling of Electro-Mechanical Linear Actuator for Control Pedal of Unmanned Ground Vehicle 1 Introduction 2 Analytical Model 2.1 Specifications and Assumptions 2.2 Modeling of Actuation System 2.3 Principle of Virtual Work 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusion References Evaluation of Population-Based Metaheuristic Methods for Optimization of Truss Structures 1 Introduction 2 Problem Statement 3 Benchmark Problems 3.1 10-BAR 2D TRUSS (10 Design Variables, Degree of Static Indeterminacy: 2) 3.2 25-BAR 3D TRUSS (25 Design Variables, Degree of Static Indeterminacy: 7) 4 Scope of this Study 5 Basic Features of This Study 6 Description of the Algorithms Considered 6.1 Water Evaporation Optimization Algorithm (WEO Algorithm) 6.2 Tug-of-War Optimization Algorithm (TWO Algorithm) 6.3 Vibrating Particles Search Algorithm (VPS Algorithm) 6.4 Cuckoo Search Algorithm (CS Algorithm) 6.5 Imperialist Competitive Algorithm (ICA) 7 Results Obtained 8 Concluding Remarks References Effectiveness of Polyurea Based Foams as Seat Cushion to Reduce Spinal Compression Injury of Occupant in Vehicle During Mine Blast Using Finite Element Analysis 1 Introduction 2 Numerical Analysis 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusions References Numerical Analysis of a Vibration Isolator Under Shock Load 1 Introduction 2 Objectives 3 Numerical Model of Quazi Zero Stiffness Isolators 3.1 Modelling of a Vibration Isolator 3.2 Material Properties of Polyurethane 4 Numerical Results for Quazi Zero Stiffness Isolators 4.1 Mesh for Quazi Zero Stiffness Isolator 4.2 Static Structural Analysis 4.3 Modal Analysis 4.4 Harmonic Response Analysis 4.5 Transient Structural Analysis 5 Conclusions References Finite Element Analysis of OGrid Lateral Bracing System 1 Introduction 2 Geometrical Modelling of OGrid Bracing System 3 Analysis of OGrid Bracing System 4 Analysis of OGrid Multistoried Structure 5 Conclusions References Active Vibration Model Predictive Control for a Smart Flexible Beam 1 Introduction 2 Model for Controller: Finite Element-State Space Model 2.1 Finite Element Model 2.2 Dynamic Equation and State Space Model 3 Active Vibration Model Predictive Control 3.1 Controller Design 4 Results and Discussion 4.1 Verification of FEM-SS Model 4.2 Controller Performance for Simple Harmonic Disturbance 4.3 Controller Performance for Tonal Plus Random Disturbance 5 Conclusion References Effect of Notch-to-Depth Ratio and Steel Fiber Volume Fraction on Acoustic Emissions Generated During Mode I Fracture Process in Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 3 Experimental Program 4 Results and Discussion 5 Conclusion References Delamination Buckling of Composite Conical Shells 1 Introduction 2 Literature Survey 3 Finite Element Simulation Methodology 4 Verification 5 Results 6 Conclusion References Comparative Study of 2D Heat Transfer Models for a Wankel Expander 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusion References A Novel Desiccant-Based Cooling System for Hot and Humid Climates 1 Introduction 2 System Description 3 Methodology 4 Results and Discussion 5 Conclusions References Development of Heat Exchanger Models for Predicting Heat Transfer Behaviour of Mixed Refrigerants 1 Introduction 2 Heat transfer Correlations 3 Variables Influencing the Accuracy of the Correlations 4 Methodology 5 Results 6 Discussion 7 Conclusion References Dispersion of Love Waves in a Dry Sandy Layer Imperfectly Attached to a Microcontinuum Substrate: An Analysis with Stress-Free and Clamped Top Surface Conditions 1 Introduction 2 Statement of the Problem 3 Solution of the Problem 3.1 Solution of a Dry Sandy Layer 3.2 Solution of Microstructural Substrate 4 Boundary Conditions 4.1 Stress-Free Boundary Conditions 4.2 Clamped Boundary Conditions 5 Numerical Results and Discussion 5.1 The Impacts of Microstructural Parameter of Substrate 5.2 The Influence of the Sandiness Parameter (1) 5.3 The Influence of Thickness of the Layer (H) 5.4 The Impacts of Imperfectness Parameter (G) 6 Conclusions References Importance of Boundary Conditions in Multi-Physics Analysis of One-Dimensional ‘smart’ Beam 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusion References Numerical Investigation of Sweet Spot of Cricket Bat 1 Introduction 2 Numerical Modeling 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusion References Comparative Study of Ballistic Performance Parameter of Kevlar/Epoxy Composite Laminate 1 Introduction 2 Numerical Analysis 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusion References Creep Failure Estimation of Nickel-Based Superalloys Using Unified Mechanics Theory (UMT) 1 Introduction 2 Equations 3 Results 4 Discussion 5 Summary and Conclusions References Experimental Studies on the Effect of Blast Loading on Scaled Down Plates 1 Introduction 2 Blast Loading 3 Experimental Studies 3.1 Shock Tube 3.2 Details of Plates 3.3 Impulse Pendulum 3.4 Experimental Variables 4 Results 5 Conclusion References