Recent Advances and Future Perspectives of Microbial Metabolites : Applications in Biomedicine

Recent Advances and Future Perspectives of Microbial Metabolites: Applications in Biomedicine sheds new light on various applications of microbial metabolites in the biomedical sector. The purpose of this book is to integrate the latest research advancements on the application of microbial metabolites in the medical industry into a single platform. In 10 chapters, the significance of biomedical applications and future therapeutic applications of microbial metabolites in human health are highlighted. Several chapters are dedicated to the role of microbial metabolites in precision medicine like the impact of the activities of microbial metabolites in antitumor and antidiabetic agents and immunosuppressive activities. It also provides a roadmap for drugs discovery based on antimicrobial products and the effect of microbial metabolites on humans’ health and the immune system. The book finalizes with a chapter on the use of microbial metabolites in OMICS technology. Recent Advances and Future Perspectives of Microbial Metabolites: Applications in Biomedicine targets researchers from both academia and industry, professors, and graduate students from microbiology, molecular biology, biotechnology, and immunology. Front Cover Recent Advances and Future Perspectives of Microbial Metabolites Copyright Page Contents List of contributors About the editors 1. The therapeutic role of microbial metabolites in human health and diseases 1.1 Background 1.2 Mode of action of microbial metabolites 1.2.1 Diabetes mellitus 1.2.2 Cardiovascular disease 1.2.3 Neurological disorder 1.2.4 Gastrointestinal disorder 1.2.5 Colorectal cancer 1.3 Therapeutical effects of microbial metabolites in human health and diseases 1.3.1 Short-chain fatty acid 1.3.2 Bile acids 1.3.3 Imidazole propionate 1.3.4 Trimethylamine N-oxide 1.3.5 4-Ethylphenylsulfate 1.3.6 N-Acyl amides 1.3.7 Branched-chain amino acids 1.3.8 Long-chain fatty acids 1.3.9 Indole derivative metabolites 1.3.10 Taurine 1.3.11 Desaminotyrosine 1.3.12 Retionic acid 1.3.13 Polyamines 1.4 Conclusion References 2. Peptides with therapeutic applications from microbial origin 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Substrates for peptide production 2.3 Methods in peptide production 2.4 Hydrolysis by enzyme 2.5 Microbial fermentation 2.6 Computational approach 2.7 Hybrid approach 2.8 Pharmacological properties of microbial peptides 2.9 Pharmacological properties of bacterial peptides 2.10 Pharmacological properties of fungal peptides 2.11 Pharmacological properties of yeast peptides 2.12 Challenges 2.13 Conclusion and future perspectives of bioactive peptides References 3. Current status of microbial lectins in biomedical research 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Types of microbial lectins 3.3 Characterization of lectins 3.4 Application of lectins in biomedical research 3.4.1 Antibiofilm and antibacterial activity 3.4.2 Biosensor 3.4.3 Cancer diagnosis and cancer therapy 3.4.4 Antinociceptive activity 3.4.5 Anti-inflammatory activity 3.4.6 Antiviral activity 3.4.7 Antioxidant activity 3.4.8 Lectibodies 3.4.9 Multifarious applications 3.5 Conclusion Reference 4. Current trends and future perspectives of probiotics on human health: an overview 4.1 Introduction 4.2 History and development of probiotics 4.3 Beneficial activities of probiotics 4.3.1 Problems related to the digestive tract 4.3.1.1 Diarrhea 4.3.1.2 Helicobacter pylori infection 4.3.1.3 Inflammatory bowel diseases 4.3.1.4 Lactose malabsorption 4.3.1.5 Constipation 4.3.1.6 Colorectal cancer 4.3.1.7 Necrotizing enterocolitis 4.3.2 Obesity 4.3.3 Diabetes 4.3.4 Allergy 4.3.5 Urogenital healthcare 4.3.6 Central nervous system 4.3.7 Bone diseases 4.3.8 Dermal problems 4.4 Next-generation probiotics 4.4.1 Genetically modified organisms 4.5 Conclusion References 5. Bacteriocin and its biomedical application with special reference to Lactobacillus 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Types of bacteriocin produced by lactic acid bacteria 5.3 Mode of action of lactic acid bacteria-bacteriocins 5.4 Biomedical applications 5.4.1 Antitumor activity 5.4.2 Bacteriocin in oral and skin care 5.4.2.1 Oral care 5.4.2.2 Skin care 5.4.3 Bacteriocin in urinary tract infection infection 5.4.4 Other biomedical applications 5.5 Conclusion References 6. Microbial biosurfactants: current trends and applications in biomedical industries 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Types of biosurfactant 6.3 Glycolipids 6.4 Rhamnolipids 6.5 Trehalolipids 6.6 Sophorolipids 6.7 Xylolipids 6.8 Cellobiolipids 6.9 Lipopeptides 6.10 Phospholipids 6.11 Fatty acid biosurfactants 6.12 Polymeric biosurfactant 6.13 Production of biosurfactants 6.14 Applications of biosurfactants 6.15 Antimicrobial activity 6.16 Biosurfactants as antibiofilm molecules 6.17 Disruptor molecules made of lipopeptide biosurfactant 6.18 Lipopeptides that is similar to fengycin 6.18.1 Putisolvin 6.18.2 Pseudofactin 6.18.3 Surfactin 6.18.4 Complexes of lipopeptides 6.19 Biosurfactants as drug delivery agents 6.19.1 Microemulsion 6.20 Biosurfactants in drug delivery applications: challenges, selection guidelines, and future prospects 6.21 Biosurfactants: strengthening of immune system 6.21.1 Effects of glycolipid biosurfactants on the immune system 6.21.2 Effects of lipopeptides biosurfactants on immune system 6.22 Antiviral applications 6.23 Vaccine development and immunomodulation 6.24 Nanomaterial for diagnosis 6.25 Conclusions and future perspectives References 7. Microbes used as anticancer agents and their potential application in biomedicine 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Mechanism of cancer suppression by microbes 7.3 Microbial bioengineering for cancer therapy 7.4 Different classes of microbial agents with anticancer potential 7.4.1 Microbial protein, peptides, and nonribosomal peptides for cancer therapy 7.4.2 Microbial enzymes and prodrug converting enzymes 7.4.3 Microbial angiogenic inhibitors for cancer suppression 7.4.4 Microbial quorum sensing regulatory network and biofilms for cancer therapy 7.4.5 Microbial immune response and secretions for cancer immunotherapy 7.4.6 Microbial metabolites in cancer prevention 7.4.7 Microbes in combination with conventional anticancer therapy 7.5 Microbes underwent clinical trials for cancer therapy over the past 5 years 7.5.1 Streptococcus pyogenes 7.5.2 Clostridium novyi 7.5.3 Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium 7.5.4 Mycobacterium bovis Bacillus Calmette-Guerin 7.5.5 Magnetococcus marinus 7.5.6 Plasmodium falciparum 7.5.7 Toxoplasma gondii 7.6 Challenges associated with microbes used in anticancer therapy 7.7 Conclusion References 8. Revealing the hidden heights of microbial metabolites on reproductive physiology 8.1 Background 8.2 Microbial contributions to the enhancement of male reproductive physiology 8.2.1 The male reproductive system 8.2.2 Microbiota of the male reproductive system 8.2.2.1 Microflora of the urethral and coronal sulcus region 8.2.2.2 Microflora prevalent in the semen 8.2.3 Impact of the gut microbiome and amino acids in the host reproduction 8.2.4 Role of probiotics in male fertility 8.2.5 Impact of reproductive microbiota in male infertility 8.3 Microbial contributions in the enhancement of female reproductive physiology 8.3.1 Introduction to the female reproductive system 8.3.2 Female reproductive microbiome 8.3.3 Microbial control of female reproductive health 8.3.3.1 Inhabitants of the female reproductive system 8.3.3.2 Checkpoints by reproductive microbiome across reproductive milestones 8.3.3.3 Estrabolome: estrogen–gut microbiome cooperation 8.3.3.4 Impact of gut microbial metabolites on endocrine and reproductive health 8.3.3.5 Role of vaginal virome on reproductive health 8.3.4 Reproductive microbiome and its influence on assisted reproductive technologies 8.3.5 Probiotics supplementation: therapeutic strategies to enhance reproductive health 8.4 Conclusion References 9. Secondary metabolites from extremophiles with therapeutic benefits 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Brief history 9.3 Metabolites from terrestrial extremophiles 9.3.1 Thermophiles 9.3.2 Psychrophiles 9.3.3 Acidophiles 9.3.4 Alkaliphiles 9.4 Metabolites from marine extremophiles 9.4.1 Halophiles 9.5 Conclusion References 10. Microbial metabolomics: recent advancements and applications in infectious diseases and drug discovery 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Metabolomics approaches 10.2.1 Targeted metabolomics 10.2.2 Untargeted metabolomics 10.3 Metabolomics technologies 10.3.1 Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy 10.3.2 Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry 10.3.3 Metabolite imaging 10.4 Microbial metabolomics 10.5 Recent applications 10.5.1 Infectious diseases 10.5.1.1 Viral infections 10.5.1.1.1 Human immunodeficiency virus 10.5.1.1.2 Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 10.5.1.1.3 Hepatitis B 10.5.1.1.4 Hepatitis C 10.5.1.1.5 Dengue virus 10.5.1.2 Bacterial infections 10.5.1.2.1 Tuberculosis 10.5.1.2.2 Cystic fibrosis 10.5.1.2.3 Clostridium difficile 10.5.1.2.4 Uropathogenic Escherichia coli 10.5.1.2.5 Enteric fever 10.5.1.3 Fungal infections 10.6 Drug development 10.6.1 Stable isotope tracking for metabolomic flux studies 10.6.2 Imaging of single cells 10.7 Precision medicine 10.8 Conclusion References Index Back Cover Recent Advances and Future Perspectives of Microbial Metabolites: Applications in Biomedicine sheds new light on various applications of microbial metabolites in the biomedical sector. The purpose of this book is to integrate the latest research advancements on the application of microbial metabolites in the medical industry into a single platform. In 10 chapters, the significance of biomedical applications and future therapeutic applications of microbial metabolites in human health are highlighted. Several chapters are dedicated to the role of microbial metabolites in precision medicine like the impact of the activities of microbial metabolites in antitumor and antidiabetic agents and immunosuppressive activities. It also provides a roadmap for drugs discovery based on antimicrobial products and the effect of microbial metabolites on humans'health and the immune system. The book finalizes with a chapter on the use of microbial metabolites in OMICS technology. Recent Advances and Future Perspectives of Microbial Metabolites: Applications in Biomedicine targets researchers from both academia and industry, professors, and graduate students from microbiology, molecular biology, biotechnology, and immunology. Highlights various microbial metabolites and their application in the biomedical sector Illustrates the application of microbial metabolites as potential therapeutic agents Convenient for buyers and readers to understand the basics with advanced information of microbial metabolites