Real-time Monitoring And Operational Control Of Drinking-water Systems (advances In Industrial Control)

This book presents a set of approaches for the real-time monitoring and control of drinking-water networks based on advanced information and communication technologies. It shows the reader how to achieve significant improvements in efficiency in terms of water use, energy consumption, water loss minimization, and water quality guarantees. The methods and approaches presented are illustrated and have been applied using real-life pilot demonstrations based on the drinking-water network in Barcelona, Spain. The proposed approaches and tools cover: • decision-making support for real-time optimal control of water transport networks, explaining how stochastic model predictive control algorithms that take explicit account of uncertainties associated with energy prices and real demand allow the main flow and pressure actuators—pumping stations and pressure regulation valves— and intermediate storage tanks to be operated to meet demand using the most sustainable types of source and with minimum electricity costs; • decision-making support for monitoring water balance and distribution network quality in real time, implementing fault detection and diagnosis techniques and using information from hundreds of flow, pressure, and water-quality sensors together with hydraulic and quality-parameter-evolution models to detect and locate leaks in the network, possible breaches in water quality, and failures in sensors and/or actuators; • consumer-demand prediction, based on smart metering techniques, producing detailed analyses and forecasts of consumption patterns, providing a customer communications service, and suggesting economic measures intended to promote more efficient use of water at the household level. Researchers and engineers working with drinking-water networks will find this a vital support in overcoming the problems associated with increased population, environmental sensitivities and regulation, aging infrastructures, energy requirements, and limited water sources. This book presents a set of approaches for the real-time monitoring and control of drinking-water networks based on advanced information and communication technologies. It shows the reader how to achieve significant improvements in efficiency in terms of water use, energy consumption, water loss minimization, and water quality guarantees. The methods and approaches presented are illustrated and have been applied using real-life pilot demonstrations based on the drinking-water network in Barcelona, Spain. The proposed approaches and tools cover: {u2022} decision-making support for real-time optimal control of water transport networks, explaining how stochastic model predictive control algorithms that take explicit account of uncertainties associated with energy prices and real demand allow the main flow and pressure actuators{u2014}pumping stations and pressure regulation valves{u2014}and intermediate storage tanks to be operated to meet demand using the most susta inable types of source and with minimum electricity costs; {u2022} decision-making support for monitoring water balance and distribution network quality in real time, implementing fault detection and diagnosis techniques and using information from hundreds of flow, pressure, and water-quality sensors together with hydraulic and quality-parameter-evolution models to detect and locate leaks in the network, possible breaches in water quality, and failures in sensors and/or actuators; {u2022} consumer-demand prediction, based on smart metering techniques, producing detailed analyses and forecasts of consumption patterns, providing a customer communications service, and suggesting economic measures intended to promote more efficient use of water at the household level. Researchers and engineers working with drinking-water networks will find this a vital support in overcoming the problems associated with increased population, environmental sensitivities and regulation, aging infrastructures, energy requirements, and limited water sources. Advances in Industrial Control aims to report and encourage the transfer of technology in control engineering. The rapid development of control technology has an impact on all areas of the control discipline. The series offers an opportunity for researchers to present an extended exposition of new work in all aspects of industrial control Sewer networks are large-scale systems with many variables, complex dynamics and strongly nonlinear behaviour. Their control plays a fundamental role in the management of hydrological systems related to the natural water cycle, potentially avoiding flooding and sewer overflow in extreme weather. An adequate control scheme must deal with the complicated nature of sewer networks. Model Predictive Control of Wastewater Systems shows how sewage systems can be modelled and controlled within the framework of model predictive control (MPC). Several MPC-based strategies are proposed, accounting for the inherently complex dynamics and the multi-objective nature of the control required. The effect of system disturbance, represented by data from real rain episodes, on the performance of the control loop to which these strategies give rise is also accommodated. Complementary to these considerations is the incorporation of the closed-loop system within a fault-tolerant architecture and the study of faults in system actuators. Actuator faults are represented using hybrid modelling techniques, avoiding the loss of convexity of the related optimisation problem when the linear case is considered. The methods and control designs described in this book can easily be extrapolated to other complex systems of similar nature such as drinking-water networks and irrigation canals. A MATLAB® toolbox, created by the author and available for download from www.springer.com/ISBN will assist readers in implementing the MPC methods described within a sewer network. Model Predictive Control of Wastewater Systems will be of interest to academic researchers working with large-scale and complex systems and studying the applications of model-predictive, hybrid and fault-tolerant control. Control engineers employed in industries associated with water management will find this book a most useful resource for suggesting improvements in the control algorithms they employ The series Advances in Industrial Control aims to report and encourage technology transfer in control engineering. The rapid development of control technology has an impact on all areas of the control discipline. New theory, new controllers, actuators, sensors, new industrial processes, computer methods, new applications, new philosophies ..., new challenges. Much of this development work resides in industrial reports, feasibility study papers and the reports of advanced collaborative projects. The series offers an opportunity for researchers to present an extended exposition of such new work in all aspects of industrial control for wider and rapid dissemination. The water and wastewater industry has undergone many changes in recent years. Of particular importance has been a renewed emphasis on improving resource management with tighter regulatory controls setting new targets on pricing, industry efficiency and loss reduction for both water and wastewater with more stringent environmental discharge conditions for wastewater. Meantime, the demand for water and wastewater services grows as the population increases and wishes for improved living conditions involving, among other items, domestic appliances that use water. Consequently, the installed infrastructure of the industry has to be continuously upgraded and extended, and employed more effectively to accommodate the new demands, both in throughput and in meeting the new regulatory conditions. Investment in fixed infrastructure is capital-intensive and slow to come on-stream. One outcome of these changes and demands is that the industry is examining the potential benefits of, and in many cases using, more advanced control systems. The series Advances in Industrial Control aims to report and encourage technology transfer in control engineering. The rapid development of control technology impacts all areas of the control discipline. New theory, new controllers, actuators, sensors, new industrial processes, computer methods, new applications, new philosophies..., new challenges. Much of this development work resides in industrial reports, feasibility study papers and the reports of advanced collaborative projects. The series offers an opportunity for researchers to present an extended exposition of such new work in all aspects of industrial control for wider and rapid dissemination. The environmental aspects of all of our society's activities are extremely important if the countryside; the sea and wildernesses are to be fully enjoyed by future generations. Urban waste in all its manifestations presents a particularly difficult disposal problem, which must be tackled conscientiously to prevent long lasting damage to the environment. Technological solutions should be seen as part of the available options. In this monograph, the authors M. R. Katebi, M. A. Johnson and J. Wilkie seek to introduce a comprehensive technological framework to the particular measurement and control problems of wastewater processing plants. Of course the disposal of urban sewage is a long-standing process but past solutions have used options (disposal at sea) which are no longer acceptable. Thus to meet new effluent regulations it is necessary to develop a new technological paradigm based on process control methods, and this is what the authors attempt to provide. Front Matter....Pages i-xxvi Real-Time Monitoring and Control in Water Systems....Pages 1-19 Case Studies....Pages 21-33 Front Matter....Pages 35-35 Modelling and Simulation of Drinking-Water Networks....Pages 37-52 Parameter Estimation: Definition and Sampling Design....Pages 53-78 Parameter Estimation: Online Calibration....Pages 79-98 Demand Forecasting for Real-Time Operational Control....Pages 99-111 Front Matter....Pages 113-113 Leak Monitoring....Pages 115-130 Quality Monitoring....Pages 131-152 Sensor Placement for Monitoring....Pages 153-173 Sensor Data Validation and Reconstruction....Pages 175-193 Fault Diagnosis....Pages 195-224 Front Matter....Pages 225-225 Model Predictive Control of Water Networks Considering Flow....Pages 227-249 Model Predictive Control of Water Networks Considering Flow and Pressure....Pages 251-267 Stochastic Model Predictive Control for Water Transport Networks with Demand Forecast Uncertainty....Pages 269-290 Fault-Tolerant Model Predictive Control of Water Transport Networks....Pages 291-319 Partitioning Approaches for Large-Scale Water Transport Networks....Pages 321-339 Non-centralized Predictive Control for Drinking-Water Supply Systems....Pages 341-360 Front Matter....Pages 361-361 Data-Driven Evolutionary-Game-Based Control for Drinking-Water Networks....Pages 363-383 Coordinating Regional and Urban Water Networks....Pages 385-400 Big Data Analytics and Knowledge Discovery Applied to Automatic Meter Readers....Pages 401-423 Back Matter....Pages 425-428

This book describes the state-of-the-art advances in computer-based plant control. The material presented is intended to provide an introductory textbook in control and instrumentation technology for Wastewater Treatment (WWT) Plants. The book is aimed at WWT plant operators, process design and control engineers, works managers and those who are involved in the design, installation, commissioning and operation of WWT plants. The book is also a good reference source for undergraduate and post graduate students. The book covers control theory, WWT plant modelling and simulation, supervisory control, data management, sensors, virtual instrumentation, expert systems, neural network and fuzzy logic.