Real Men Don't Sing: Crooning in American Culture (Refiguring American Music)

The crooner Rudy Vallée's soft, intimate, and sensual vocal delivery simultaneously captivated millions of adoring fans and drew harsh criticism from those threatened by his sensitive masculinity. Although Vallée and other crooners reflected the gender fluidity of late-1920s popular culture, their challenge to the Depression era's more conservative masculine norms led cultural authorities to stigmatize them as gender and sexual deviants. In Real Men Don't Sing Allison McCracken outlines crooning's history from its origins in minstrelsy through its development as the microphone sound most associated with white recording artists, band singers, and radio stars. She charts early crooners’ rise and fall between 1925 and 1934, contrasting Rudy Vallée with Bing Crosby to demonstrate how attempts to contain crooners created and dictated standards of white masculinity for male singers. Unlike Vallée, Crosby survived the crooner backlash by adapting his voice and persona to adhere to white middle-class masculine norms. The effects of these norms are felt to this day, as critics continue to question the masculinity of youthful, romantic white male singers. Crooners, McCracken shows, not only were the first pop stars: their short-lived yet massive popularity fundamentally changed American culture. The Crooner Rudy Vale's Soft, Intimate, And Sensual Vocal Delivery Simultaneously Captivated Millions Of Adoring Fans And Drew Harsh Criticism From Those Threatened By His Sensitive Masculinity. Although Valle And Other Crooners Reflected The Gender Fluidity Of Late-1920s Popular Culture, Their Challenges To The Depression Era's More Conservative Masculine Norms Led Cultural Authorities To Stigmatize Them, As Gender, And Sexual Deviants. In Real Men Don't Sing Allison Mccracken Outlines Crooning's History From Its Origins In Minstrelsy Through, Its Development, As The Microphone Sound Most Associated With White Recording Artists, Band Singers, And Radio Stars She Charts Early Crooners' Rise And Fall Between 1925 And L934, Contrasting Rudy Valle With Brig Crosby To Demonstrate How Attempts To Contain Crooners Created And Dictated Standards Of White Masculinity For Male Singers. Unlike Valle, Crosby Survived The Crooner Backlash By Adapting His Voice And Persona To Adhere To White Middle-class Masculinity Of Youthful Romantic White Male Singers. Crooners, Mccracken Shows, Not Only Were The First Pop Stars: Their Short-lived Yet Massive Popularity Fundamentally Changed American Culture. Putting Over A Song : Crooning, Performance, And Audience In The Acoustic Era, 1880-1920 -- Crooning Goes Electric : Microphone Crooning And The Invention Of The Intimate Singing Aesthetic, 1921-1928 -- Falling In Love With A Voice: Rudy Vallée And His First Radio Fans, 1928 -- The Mouth Of The Machine : The Creation Of The Crooning Idol, 1929 -- A Supine Sinking Into The Primeval Ooze : Crooning And Its Discontents, 1929-1933 -- The Kind Of Natural That Worked? : The Crooner Redefined, 1932-1934 (and Beyond). Allison Mccracken. Includes Bibliographical References (pages 375-409) And Index. Cover Contents Acknowledgments Introduction One. Putting Over a Song: Crooning, Performance, and Audience in the Acoustic Era, 1880–1920 Two. Crooning Goes Electric: Microphone Crooning and the Invention of the Intimate Singing Aesthetic, 1921–1928 Three. Falling in Love with a Voice: Rudy Vallée and His First Radio Fans, 1928 Four. “The Mouth of the Machine”: The Creation of the Crooning Idol, 1929 Five. “A Supine Sinking into the Primeval Ooze”: Crooning and Its Discontents, 1929–1933 Six. “The Kind of Natural That Worked”: The Crooner Redefined, 1932–1934 (and Beyond) Conclusion Notes Bibliography Index A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Allison Mccracken Charts The Rise And Fall Of Crooners Between 1925 And 1934, Showing How The Backlash Against Crooners' Perceived Sexual And Gender Deviance Created Stylistically Masculine Norms For White Male Pop Singers That Continue To Exist Today.