Readings in Qualitative Reasoning About Physical Systems (Morgan Kaufmann Series in Representation and Reasoning)

Readings in Qualitative Reasoning about Physical Systems describes the automated reasoning about the physical world using qualitative representations. This text is divided into nine chapters, each focusing on some aspect of qualitative physics. The first chapter deal with qualitative physics, which is concerned with representing and reasoning about the physical world. The goal of qualitative physics is to capture both the commonsense knowledge of the person on the street and the tacit knowledge underlying the quantitative knowledge used by engineers and scientists. The succeeding chapter discusses the qualitative calculus and its role in constructing an envisionment that includes behavior over both mythical time and elapsed time. These topics are followed by reviews of the mathematical aspects of qualitative reasoning, history-based simulation and temporal reasoning, as well as the intelligence in scientific computing. The final chapters are devoted to automated modeling for qualitative reasoning and causal explanations of behavior. These chapters also examine the qualitative kinematics of reasoning about shape and space. This book will prove useful to psychologists and psychiatrists. Content: Readings in QUALITATIVE REASONING ABOUT PHYSICAL SYSTEMS , Page i THE MORGAN KAUFMANN SEMES IN REPRESENTATION AND REASONING , Page ii Front Matter , Page iii Copyright , Page iv Preface , Pages v-vi , Daniel S. Weld, Johan de Kleer Qualitative Physics: A Personal View , Pages 1-8 Introduction to Overview and Motivation , Pages 9-10 Qualitative Physics: Past, Present, and Future , Pages 11-39 , Kenneth D. Forbus MULTIPLE REPRESENTATIONS OF KNOWLEDGE IN A MECHANICS PROBLEM-SOLVER , Pages 40-45 , Johan de Kleer The Second Naive Physics Manifesto , Pages 46-63 , Patrick J. Hayes Modeling Simultaneous Actions and Continuous Processes , Pages 64-81 , Gary G. Hendrix Introduction to Qualitative Simulation , Pages 83-87 A Qualitative Physics Based on Confluences , Pages 88-126 , Johan De Kleer, John Seely Brown QUALITATIVE REASONING WITH HIGHER-ORDER DERIVATIVES , Pages 127-132 , Johan dc Klecr, Daniel G. Bobrow Temporal Qualitative Analysis: Explaining How Physical Systems Work , Pages 133-177 , Brian C. Williams Qualitative Process Theory , Pages 178-219 , Kenneth D. Forbus The Qualitative Process Engine , Pages 220-235 , Kenneth D. Forbus Qualitative Simulation , Pages 236-260 , Benjamin Kuipers Taming Intractible Branching in Qualitative Simulation , Pages 261-267 , Benjamin Kuipers, Charles Chiu Non-Intersection of Trajectories in Qualitative Phase Space: A Global Constraint for Qualitative Simulation , Pages 268-272 , Wood W Lee, Benjamin J Kuipers Global Filters for Qualitative Behaviors , Pages 273-277 , Peter Struss Reasoning about Discontinuous Change , Pages 278-283 , Toyoaki Nishida, Shuji Doshita Introduction to Mathematical Aspects of Qualitative Reasoning , Pages 285-287 Problems of Interval-Based Qualitative Reasoning , Pages 288-305 , Peter Struss Assembling a Device , Pages 306-311 , Jean-Luc Dormoy, Olivier Raiman MINIMA A Symbolic Approach to Qualitative Algebraic Reasoning , Pages 312-317 , Brian C. Williams ORDER OF MAGNITUDE REASONING , Pages 318-322 , Olivier Raiman FORMAL ORDER-OF-MAGNITUDE REASONING IN PROCESS ENGINEERING , Pages 323-336 , M.L. MAVROVOUNIOTIS, G. STEPHANOPOULOS “COMMONSENSE” ARITHMETIC REASONING , Pages 337-343 , Reid Simmons Hierarchical Reasoning about Inequalities , Pages 344-349 , Elisha Sacks Introduction to History-Based Simulation and Temporal Reasoning , Pages 351-352 Doing Time: Putting Qualitative Reasoning on Firmer Ground , Pages 353-360 , Brian C. Williams Maintaining Knowledge about Temporal Intervals , Pages 361-372 , JAMES F. ALLEN Constraint Propagation Algorithms for Temporal Reasoning: A Revised Report , Pages 373-381 , Marc Vilain, Henry Kautz, Peter van Beek Reasoning about Partially Ordered Events , Pages 382-393 , Thomas Dean, Mark Boddy Introduction to Other Styles of Reasoning , Pages 395-396 Comparative Analysis , Pages 397-416 , Daniel S. Weld Exaggeration , Pages 417-421 , Daniel S. Weld Order of Magnitude Reasoning in Qualitative Differential Equations , Pages 422-434 , Ernest Davis Troubleshooting: when modeling is the trouble , Pages 435-440 , Philippe Dague, Olivier Raiman, Philippe Devés Interpreting Observations of Physical Systems , Pages 441-450 , KENNETH D. FORBUS Introduction to Automating Quantitative Analysis , Pages 451-452 INTELLIGENCE IN SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING , Pages 453-469 Generating Global Behaviors Using Deep Knowledge of Local Dynamics , Pages 470-475 , Kenneth Man-kam Yip Piecewise Linear Reasoning , Pages 476-480 , Elisha Sacks Introduction to Multiple Ontologies and Automated Modeling , Pages 481-483 Naive Physics I: Ontology For Liquids , Pages 484-502 , Patrick J. Hayes Reasoning About Fluids Via Molecular Collections , Pages 503-507 , John W. Collins, Kenneth D. Forbus MULTIPLE MODELS OF EVAPORATION PROCESSES , Pages 508-512 , Allan Collins, Dedre Gentner The Use of Aggregation in Causal Simulation , Pages 513-529 , Daniel S. Weld Abstraction by Time-Scale in Qualitative Simulation , Pages 530-534 , Benjamin Kuipers DIAGNOSIS VIA CAUSAL REASONING: PATHS OF INTERACTION AND THE LOCALITY PRINCIPLE , Pages 535-541 , RANDALL DAVIS GRANULARITY , Pages 542-545 , Jerry R. Hobbs Reasoning About Assumptions in Graphs of Models , Pages 546-552 , Sanjaya Addanki, Roberto Cremonini, J. Scott Penberthy Setting up Large-Scale Qualitative Models , Pages 553-558 , Brian Falkenhainer, Kenneth D. Forbus Introduction to Reasoning About Shape and Space , Pages 559-561 Qualitative Kinematics: A framework , Pages 562-567 , Kenneth D. Forbus, Paul Nielsen, Boi Faltings QUALITATIVE KINEMATICS IN MECHANISMS , Pages 568-574 , Boi Faltings Shape and Function in Mechanical Devices , Pages 575-579 , Leo Joskowicz Automated Reasoning about Machine Geometry and Kinematics , Pages 580-591 , Andrew Gelsey A Qualitative Approach to Mechanical Constraint , Pages 592-596 , Paul Nielsen Simplification and Abstraction of Kinematic Behaviors , Pages 597-602 , Leo Joskowicz A Framework for Qualitative Reasoning About Solid Objects , Pages 603-609 , E. Davis Introduction to Causal Explanations of Behavior , Pages 611-616 THE DECLARATIVE REPRESENTATION AND PROCEDURAL SIMULATION OF CAUSALITY IN PHYSICAL MECHANISMS , Pages 617-623 , Chuck Rieger, Milt Grinberg The Origin and Resolution of Ambiguities in Causal Arguments , Pages 624-630 , Johan de Kleer Causality in Device Behavior , Pages 631-645 , Yumi Iwasaki, Herbert A. Simon Theories of Causal Ordering , Pages 646-660 , Johan de Kleer, John Seely Brown Theories of Causal Ordering: Reply to de Kleer and Brown , Pages 661-665 , Yumi Iwasaki, Herbert A. Simon Causal reasoning about quantities , Pages 666-677 , Kenneth D. Forbus, Dedre Gentner Bibliography , Pages 679-692 Author Index , Pages 693-696 Subject Index , Pages 697-717 Credits , Pages 719-720 Annotation Readings in Qualitative Reasoning about Physical Systems describes the automated reasoning about the physical world using qualitative representations.This text is divided into nine chapters, each focusing on some aspect of qualitative physics. The first chapter deal with qualitative physics, which is concerned with representing and reasoning about thephysical world. The goal of qualitative physics is to capture both the commonsense knowledge of the person on the street and the tacit knowledge underlying the quantitative knowledge used by engineers and scientists. The succeeding chapter discusses the qualitative calculus and its role in constructing an envisionment that includes behavior over both mythical time and elapsed time. These topics are followed by reviews of the mathematical aspects of qualitative reasoning, history-based simulation and temporal reasoning, as well as the intelligence in scientific computing. The final chapters are devoted to automated modeling for qualitative reasoning and causal explanations of behavior. These chapters also examine the qualitative kinematics of reasoning about shape and space.This book will prove useful to psychologists and psychiatrists