Reader in the History of Aphasia: From Franz Gall to Norman Geschwind (Classics in Psycholinguistics)

This reader traces the history of aphasia, the partial or total loss of speech through brain damage. It includes studies of aphasia by figures such as Franz Gall, Carl Wernicke, Sigmund Freud, Arnold Pick, Kurt Goldstein and Norman Geschwind. Table of contents ......Page 6 Foreword......Page 10 Introduction......Page 12 Franz Joseph Gall......Page 18 Biography......Page 20 Introduction......Page 22 References......Page 32 Letter from Dr. F. J. Gall to Mr. Joseph F. von Retzeron the prodromus he has completed on the functionsof the human and animal brain ......Page 34 I. Abilities and propensities are innate in men and animals.......Page 35 III. IV. Not only do the abilities differ essentially and independently from thepropensities, but also the capabilities and propensities per se among themselves differ essentially and independently from each other; therefore they must be situated in different and independent parts of the brain.......Page 37 VII. From the origin of the bones of the skull until old age, the form of the inner of the cranium is determined by the external form of the brain; consequently certain abilities and propensities can be concluded from the form of the outer surface of the cranium as long as it agrees with the inner form or does not diverge from the known deviations.......Page 39 Paul Broca......Page 46 Selected Bibliography......Page 48 Setting the Scene......Page 50 Broca's claims......Page 51 Broca on language......Page 54 Evaluation of Broca's contribution......Page 55 References......Page 56 Notes on the site of the faculty of articulated language, followed by an observation of aphemia ......Page 58 Aphemia, lasting twenty-one years, produced by chronicand progressive softening of the second and third convolutionsof the superior layer of the left frontal lobe.......Page 63 Complete atrophy of the insular lobe andof the third convolution of the frontal lobe with preservationof the intelligence and the faculty of articulated language.*- Observations by Dr. Parrot, hospital physician -......Page 67 On the site of the faculty of articulated language ......Page 73 Carl Wernicke......Page 76 The Aphasia Symptom-Complex: A Psychological Study on an Anatomical Basis ......Page 86 Some new studies on aphasia ......Page 107 References......Page 115 Biography......Page 78 Selected Bibliography......Page 79 Introduction......Page 80 Wernicke on Aphasia......Page 84 References......Page 85 HenryCharlton Bastian......Page 116 Biography......Page 118 Selected Bibliography......Page 119 Introduction......Page 120 References......Page 127 The various kinds of word memory......Page 130 The localisation of the different word-centres......Page 133 Further Problems in Regard to the Localization of Higher Cerebral Functions......Page 137 Notes......Page 148 References......Page 149 John Hughlings Jackson......Page 150 Selected Bibliography......Page 152 Introduction......Page 154 Jackson's Aphasiology......Page 156 References......Page 159 On Affections of Speech from Disease of the Brain ......Page 162 The Patient's Negative Condition......Page 172 The Patient's Positive Condition......Page 174 Notes......Page 182 References......Page 184 Sigmund Freud......Page 186 Biography......Page 188 Historical setting of Freud's work on aphasia......Page 190 The theme......Page 192 Levels of organization and aphasia......Page 194 Conclusions......Page 195 References......Page 196 Selection from the work of Sigmund Freud......Page 198 Notes......Page 212 References......Page 213 Jules Dej erine......Page 214 Selected Bibliography......Page 216 Dejerine'sterminology......Page 218 References......Page 221 Contribution to the Anatomical-Pathologicaland Clinical Study of the differentVarieties of Word Blindness ......Page 222 Notes......Page 233 References......Page 234 Pierre Marie......Page 236 Selected Bibliography......Page 238 Introduction......Page 240 The nature of aphasia......Page 241 The nature of anarthria......Page 242 The iconoclast......Page 243 Examination of aphasia......Page 244 References......Page 245 The nature of aphasia......Page 248 III......Page 250 IV......Page 251 The localization of aphasia......Page 253 Anarthria......Page 254 The localization of anarthria......Page 255 Broca's aphasia......Page 256 The third left frontal convolution......Page 257 Onthe Function of Language: Corrections concerning the Article of Grasset* (excerpts)......Page 259 Arnold Pick......Page 268 Selected Bibliography......Page 270 Language Comprehension......Page 272 Language Production......Page 274 Aphasia......Page 275 References......Page 276 From thinking to speech......Page 278 Agrammatism......Page 285 Notes......Page 294 References......Page 296 Henry Head......Page 298 Selected Bibliography......Page 300 Introduction......Page 302 References......Page 305 Cerebral Localization ......Page 306 1. Suggested explanation of the site of the lesion in the various forms of aphasia......Page 307 2. The nature of the disorders of speech produced by a local lesion of the brain......Page 312 1. The English School......Page 321 2. The German School......Page 328 References......Page 334 Kurt Goldstein......Page 336 Biography......Page 338 Selected Bibliography......Page 339 Chaos......Page 340 The Language Module......Page 341 The Organismic Approach......Page 343 Single Case Study......Page 344 References......Page 345 On Aphasia ......Page 346 Modelof the language apparatus......Page 349 The Problem of the Origin of Symptoms in Brain Damage ......Page 351 On Naming and Pseudonaming ......Page 353 The Organismic Approach to Aphasia ......Page 361 On Aphasia......Page 363 NormanGeschwind......Page 366 Biography......Page 368 Selected Bibliography......Page 369 Introduction......Page 372 References......Page 375 Summary......Page 378 1. The Anatomical Basis of Language......Page 381 2. Pure Word-blindness Without Agraphia......Page 386 3. Pure Word-Deafness......Page 393 4. Lesions of Wernicke's Area......Page 396 5. Tactile Aphasia......Page 397 Notes......Page 401 References......Page 402 Index......Page 406 The study of language and the brain is heavily dependent on the work of the early aphasiologists, and those wanting to get acquainted with the discipline will come across frequent references to these classic authors. This collection brings together seminal publications by 19th- and 20th-century neurologists concerned with the relationship between language and the brain. In selecting texts the emphasis was on those parts that deal explicitly with the opinion of an author on language processes as revealed by aphasic phenomena. All texts are presented in English (many of them translated for the first time), and preceded by in-depth introductions by present-day specialists in the field. The book includes biographical sketches of the authors discussed, and bibliographies of their relevant publications. This volume is invaluable for professionals and students who prefer to read the originals instead of leaning on textbook summaries. Texts by: Franz Joseph Gall (1758-1828) [Claus Heeschen]; Paul Broca (1824-1880) [Paul Eling]; Carl Wernicke (1848-1905) [Antoine Keyser]; Henry Charlton Bastian (1837-1915) [John C. Marshall]; John Hughlings Jackson (1835-1911) [Bento P.M.Schulte]; Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) [O.R. Hommes]; Jules Dejerine (1849-1917) [W.O.Renier]; Pierre Marie (1853-1940) [Yvan Lebrun]; Arnold Pick (1851-1924) [A.D.Friederici]; Henry Head (1861-1940) [Patrick Hudson]; Kurt Goldstein (1878-1965) [Ria de Bleser]; Norman Geschwind (1926-1984) [Mary-Louise Kean].