Разработка избирательных систем. Новое руководство Института за демократию и содействие выборам (International IDEA)

1. Overview -- Introduction -- How To Use This Handbook -- What Electoral Systems Are -- The Importance Of Electoral Systems -- Criteria For Design -- The Process Of Change -- Design Components -- 2. The World Of Electoral Systems -- Plurality/majority Systems -- Proportional Representation Systems -- Mixed Systems -- Other Systems -- 3. The Systems And Their Consequences -- Plurality/majority Systems -- Proportional Representation Systems -- Mixed Systems -- Other Systems -- Electoral System Tiers And Hybrid Systems -- Considerations On Representation -- Additional Issues Relevant To Post-conflict And Transitional Elections -- 4. Electoral Systems, Institutional Frameworks And Governance -- Electing A President -- Electing An Upper House -- Different Tiers Of Governance -- Electing Supranational Bodies -- Electing Federal/state Assemblies And Autonomous Jurisdictions -- Electing Local Authorities -- Electoral Systems And Political Parties -- Direct Democracy Options -- 5. Cost And Administrative Implications Of Electoral Systems -- 6. Advice For Electoral System Designers -- Case Studies -- British Columbia -- India -- Palestine -- Papua New Guinea-- Kyrgyzstan -- South Africa -- Indonesia -- Republic Of Ireland -- Chile -- Brazil -- Lesotho -- Mexico -- New Zealand -- Thailand -- Senegal -- Japan -- The European Parliament -- China -- Annexes -- A. The Electoral Systems Of 213 Independent Countries And Related Territories (2004) -- B. Glossary Of Terms -- C. Further Reading -- D. Electoral Systems' Impact On The Translation Of Votes Into Seats -- E. Boundary Delimitation. Andrew Reynolds, Ben Reilly, And Andrew Ellis ; With José Antonio Cheibub ... [et Al.]. Includes Bibliographical References And Index. Different electoral systems and the contributing factors involved when modifying an existing system are discussed in this comprehensive guide. Case studies explain how and why certain electoral systems were adopted in countries such as Brazil, China, India, Lesotho, Palestine, and South Africa, and simple explanations are provided for systems being used in more than 200 independent states and territories. In addition, measures for promoting the representation of women and minorities within electoral systems and a color-coded map that illustrates the presence of different electoral systems are included.