عقلانیت و مدرنیته: مقالاتی در فلسفهٔ عملی (انتشارات دانشگاه اسکاندیناوی)

This book deals with rationality and modernity, focusing on the philosophical discussion of contexuality and universality concerning rationality and basic norms. Its perspective is that of the "pragmatic turn." Its discursive dimension is that of a mutual criticism between hermeneutic contextualism on the one hand and trans-contextual pragmatics on the other, or more precisely, between contextual praxeology as found in the late Wittgenstein and universal pragmatics as in Apel or in Habermas. Its basic concern is that of elaborating an improved conception of rationality as situated but still universally valid. On the one hand attempts are made to defend a pragmatic (gradualistic and "post-sceptical") notion of universal reason, including basic norms, and on the other hand there are attempts at case-oriented "piecemeal negotiations" and "sublations" by the use of arguments from absurdity (including self-referential arguments). Hence that which is philosophically novel and important can be summarized in terms of a pragmatic meliorism which allows for a universality denied by contextualist positions. At the same time this pragmatic meliorism, emphasizing attempts at overcoming the "negative," avoids some of the problems inherent in universalistic positions which predominately operate with "positive" goals and ideals. Preface......Page 3 Introduction......Page 4 Praxeological Reflections: Introductory Remarks on Lifeworld Activities and Validity Claims......Page 11 Arguments from Absurdity: Toward an Epistemic Gradualism......Page 32 Pragmatism and Pragmatics: Validity Claims and Arguments, in a Melioristic Perspective......Page 66 Madness and Reason: Reductio ad Pathologicum as a Via Negativa for Elucidating the Universal-Pragmatic Notion of Rationality?......Page 117 Contextual and Universal Pragmatics: Mutual Criticism of Praxeological and Transcendental Pragmatics......Page 142 The Pragmatic Notion of Nature: Comments on Habermas......Page 160 Ethical Gradualism and Discourse Ethics: Paradigmatic and Gradualist Moral Thinking......Page 181 Modernization of the Lifeworld: Universality and Plurality in the Process of Modernization......Page 205 Rationality and Contextuality: A Modern Predicament......Page 250 References......Page 296