Rare Earth and Transition Metal Doping of Semiconductor Materials: Synthesis, Magnetic Properties and Room Temperature Spintronics (Woodhead Publishing Series in Electronic and Optical Materials)

__Rare Earth and Transition Metal Doping of Semiconductor Material__ explores traditional semiconductor devices that are based on control of the electron’s electric charge. This book looks at the semiconductor materials used for spintronics applications, in particular focusing on wide band-gap semiconductors doped with transition metals and rare earths. These materials are of particular commercial interest because their spin can be controlled at room temperature, a clear opposition to the most previous research on Gallium Arsenide, which allowed for control of spins at supercold temperatures. Part One of the book explains the theory of magnetism in semiconductors, while Part Two covers the growth of semiconductors for spintronics. Finally, Part Three looks at the characterization and properties of semiconductors for spintronics, with Part Four exploring the devices and the future direction of spintronics. * Examines materials which are of commercial interest for producing smaller, faster, and more power-efficient computers and other devices * Analyzes the theory behind magnetism in semiconductors and the growth of semiconductors for spintronics * Details the properties of semiconductors for spintronics

Nanostructured Semiconductor Oxides for the Next Generation of Electronics and Functional Devices focuses on the development of semiconductor nanocrystals, their technologies and applications, including energy harvesting, solar cells, solid oxide fuel cells, and chemical sensors. Semiconductor oxides are used in electronics, optics, catalysts, sensors, and other functional devices. In their 2D form, the reduction in size confers exceptional properties, useful for creating faster electronics and more efficient catalysts.

After explaining the physics affecting the conductivity and electron arrangement of nanostructured semiconductors, the book addresses the structural and chemical modification of semiconductor nanocrystals during material growth. It then covers their use in nanoscale functional devices, particularly in electronic devices and carbon nanotubes. It explores the impact of 2D nanocrystals, such as graphene, chalcogenides, and oxide nanostructures, on research and technology, leading to a discussion of incorporating graphene and semiconductor nanostructures into composites for use in energy storage. The final three chapters focus on the applications of these functional materials in photovoltaic cells, solid oxide fuel cells, and in environmental sensors including pH, dissolved oxygen, dissolved organic carbon, and dissolved metal ion sensors.

Nanostructured Semiconductor Oxides for the Next Generation of Electronics and Functional Devices is a crucial resource for scientists, applied researchers, and production engineers working in the fabrication, design, testing, characterization, and analysis of new semiconductor materials. This book is a valuable reference for those working in the analysis and characterization of new nanomaterials, and for those who develop technologies for practical devices fabrication.

• Focuses on the development of semiconductor nanocrystals, their technologies and applications, including energy harvesting, solar cells, solid oxide fuel cells, and chemical sensors
• Reviews fundamental physics of conductivity and electron arrangement before proceeding to practical applications
• A vital resource for applied researchers and production engineers working with new semiconductor materials

Nanostructured Semiconductor Oxides for the Next Generation of Electronics and Functional Devices focuses on the development of semiconductor nanocrystals, their technologies and applications, including energy harvesting, solar cells, solid oxide fuel cells, and chemical sensors. Semiconductor oxides are used in electronics, optics, catalysts, sensors, and other functional devices. In their 2D form, the reduction in size confers exceptional properties, useful for creating faster electronics and more efficient catalysts. After explaining the physics affecting the conductivity and electron arrangement of nanostructured semiconductors, the book addresses the structural and chemical modification of semiconductor nanocrystals during material growth. It then covers their use in nanoscale functional devices, particularly in electronic devices and carbon nanotubes. It explores the impact of 2D nanocrystals, such as graphene, chalcogenides, and oxide nanostructures, on research and technology, leading to a discussion of incorporating graphene and semiconductor nanostructures into composites for use in energy storage. The final three chapters focus on the applications of these functional materials in photovoltaic cells, solid oxide fuel cells, and in environmental sensors including pH, dissolved oxygen, dissolved organic carbon, and dissolved metal ion sensors. Nanostructured Semiconductor Oxides for the Next Generation of Electronics and Functional Devices is a crucial resource for scientists, applied researchers, and production engineers working in the fabrication, design, testing, characterization, and analysis of new semiconductor materials. This book is a valuable reference for those working in the analysis and characterization of new nanomaterials, and for those who develop technologies for practical devices fabrication. Focuses on the development of semiconductor nanocrystals, their technologies and applications, including energy harvesting, solar cells, solid oxide fuel cells, and chemical sensors Reviews fundamental physics of conductivity and electron arrangement before proceeding to practical applications A vital resource for applied researchers and production engineers working with new semiconductor materials

Graphene: Properties, Preparation, Characterisation and Devices reviews the preparation and properties of this exciting material. Graphene is a single-atom-thick sheet of carbon with properties, such as the ability to conduct light and electrons, which could make it potentially suitable for a variety of devices and applications, including electronics, sensors, and photonics.

Chapters in part one explore the preparation of , including epitaxial growth of graphene on silicon carbide, chemical vapor deposition (CVD) growth of graphene films, chemically derived graphene, and graphene produced by electrochemical exfoliation. Part two focuses on the characterization of graphene using techniques including transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), and Raman spectroscopy. These chapters also discuss photoemission of low dimensional carbon systems. Finally, chapters in part three discuss electronic transport properties of graphene and graphene devices. This part highlights electronic transport in bilayer graphene, single charge transport, and the effect of adsorbents on electronic transport in graphene. It also explores graphene spintronics and nano-electro-mechanics (NEMS).

Graphene is a comprehensive resource for academics, materials scientists, and electrical engineers working in the microelectronics and optoelectronics industries.

• Explores the graphene preparation techniques, including epitaxial growth on silicon carbide, chemical vapor deposition (CVD), chemical derivation, and electrochemical exfoliation
• Focuses on the characterization of graphene using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), and Raman spectroscopy
• A comprehensive resource for academics, materials scientists, and electrical engineers

Graphene: Properties, Preparation, Characterisation and Devices reviews the preparation and properties of this exciting material. Graphene is a single-atom-thick sheet of carbon with properties, such as the ability to conduct light and electrons, which could make it potentially suitable for a variety of devices and applications, including electronics, sensors, and photonics. Chapters in part one explore the preparation of, including epitaxial growth of graphene on silicon carbide, chemical vapor deposition (CVD) growth of graphene films, chemically derived graphene, and graphene produced by electrochemical exfoliation. Part two focuses on the characterization of graphene using techniques including transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), and Raman spectroscopy. These chapters also discuss photoemission of low dimensional carbon systems. Finally, chapters in part three discuss electronic transport properties of graphene and graphene devices. This part highlights electronic transport in bilayer graphene, single charge transport, and the effect of adsorbents on electronic transport in graphene. It also explores graphene spintronics and nano-electro-mechanics (NEMS). Graphene is a comprehensive resource for academics, materials scientists, and electrical engineers working in the microelectronics and optoelectronics industries. Explores the graphene preparation techniques, including epitaxial growth on silicon carbide, chemical vapor deposition (CVD), chemical derivation, and electrochemical exfoliation Focuses on the characterization of graphene using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), and Raman spectroscopy A comprehensive resource for academics, materials scientists, and electrical engineers

Silicon-On-Insulator (SOI) Technology: Manufacture and Applications covers SOI transistors and circuits, manufacture, and reliability. The book also looks at applications such as memory, power devices, and photonics.

The book is divided into two parts; part one covers SOI materials and manufacture, while part two covers SOI devices and applications. The book begins with chapters that introduce techniques for manufacturing SOI wafer technology, the electrical properties of advanced SOI materials, and modeling short-channel SOI semiconductor transistors. Both partially depleted and fully depleted SOI technologies are considered. Chapters 6 and 7 concern junctionless and fin-on-oxide field effect transistors. The challenges of variability and electrostatic discharge in CMOS devices are also addressed. Part two covers recent and established technologies. These include SOI transistors for radio frequency applications, SOI CMOS circuits for ultralow-power applications, and improving device performance by using 3D integration of SOI integrated circuits. Finally, chapters 13 and 14 consider SOI technology for photonic integrated circuits and for micro-electromechanical systems and nano-electromechanical sensors.

The extensive coverage provided by Silicon-On-Insulator (SOI) Technology makes the book a central resource for those working in the semiconductor industry, for circuit design engineers, and for academics. It is also important for electrical engineers in the automotive and consumer electronics sectors.

• Covers SOI transistors and circuits, as well as manufacturing processes and reliability
• Looks at applications such as memory, power devices, and photonics

Silicon-On-Insulator (SOI) Technology: Manufacture and Applications covers SOI transistors and circuits, manufacture, and reliability. The book also looks at applications such as memory, power devices, and photonics. The book is divided into two parts; part one covers SOI materials and manufacture, while part two covers SOI devices and applications. The book begins with chapters that introduce techniques for manufacturing SOI wafer technology, the electrical properties of advanced SOI materials, and modeling short-channel SOI semiconductor transistors. Both partially depleted and fully depleted SOI technologies are considered. Chapters 6 and 7 concern junctionless and fin-on-oxide field effect transistors. The challenges of variability and electrostatic discharge in CMOS devices are also addressed. Part two covers recent and established technologies. These include SOI transistors for radio frequency applications, SOI CMOS circuits for ultralow-power applications, and improving device performance by using 3D integration of SOI integrated circuits. Finally, chapters 13 and 14 consider SOI technology for photonic integrated circuits and for micro-electromechanical systems and nano-electromechanical sensors. The extensive coverage provided by Silicon-On-Insulator (SOI) Technology makes the book a central resource for those working in the semiconductor industry, for circuit design engineers, and for academics. It is also important for electrical engineers in the automotive and consumer electronics sectors. Covers SOI transistors and circuits, as well as manufacturing processes and reliability Looks at applications such as memory, power devices, and photonics

Rare Earth and Transition Metal Doping of Semiconductor Material explores traditional semiconductor devices that are based on control of the electron’s electric charge.

This book looks at the semiconductor materials used for spintronics applications, in particular focusing on wide band-gap semiconductors doped with transition metals and rare earths. These materials are of particular commercial interest because their spin can be controlled at room temperature, a clear opposition to the most previous research on Gallium Arsenide, which allowed for control of spins at supercold temperatures.

Part One of the book explains the theory of magnetism in semiconductors, while Part Two covers the growth of semiconductors for spintronics. Finally, Part Three looks at the characterization and properties of semiconductors for spintronics, with Part Four exploring the devices and the future direction of spintronics.

• Examines materials which are of commercial interest for producing smaller, faster, and more power-efficient computers and other devices
• Analyzes the theory behind magnetism in semiconductors and the growth of semiconductors for spintronics
• Details the properties of semiconductors for spintronics

"Graphene is a single-atom-thick sheet of carbon with properties, such as the ability to conduct light and electrons, which could make it potentially suitable for a variety of devices and applications, including electronics, sensors, and photonics. Graphene reviews the preparation and properties of this exciting material. Chapters in Part I explore the preparation of graphene including epitaxial growth of graphene on silicon carbide, chemical vapour deposition (CVD) growth of graphene films, chemically derived graphene and graphene produced by electrochemical exfoliation. Part II focuses on the characterisation of graphene using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM) and Raman spectroscopy. Photoemission of low-dimensional carbon systems is also discussed. Finally, chapters in Part III discuss electronic transport properties of graphene and graphene devices. Chapters highlight electronic transport in bilayer graphene, single-charge transport and the effect of adsorbents on electronic transport in graphene. Further chapters explore graphene spintronics and nanoelectromechanics (NEMs)." -- Back cover Silicon-on-insulator (SOI) is a semiconductor wafer technology that produces higher performing, lower power devices than traditional bulk silicon techniques. SOI works by placing a thin, insulating layer, such as silicon oxide between a thin layer of silicon and the silicon substrate. This process helps reduce junction capacitance, resulting in higher speed and lower power consumption. SOI chips can be as much as 15 percent faster and use 20 percent less power than today's silicon complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS)-based chips. Part one covers SOI transistors and circuits, manufact Part one describes methods for the preparation of graphene, such as chemical vapour deposition and electrochemical exfoliation. Part two covers graphene's properties. Part three looks at the characterisation of graphene using spectroscopy and microscopy. The book begins by looking at the physics affecting nanostructured semiconductors, it goes on to address the structural and chemical modification of semiconductor nanocrystals during material growth.