Radionuclides in the study of marine processes : [proceedings of the International symposium on radionuclides in the study of marine processes, held at the University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK, 10-13 September 1991

The Norwich Symposium,'Radionuclides in the Study of Marine Proces­ ses', is a sequel to the very successful conference held at Cherbourg, France in June 1987. The international character of the meeting has been maintained with thirty-eight contributions, from seventeen countries, being accepted for oral presentation. For many years, the radioactive properties of the naturally occurring radionuclides have been used to determine their distributions in the marine environment and, more generally, to gain an understanding of the dynamic processes which control their behaviour in attaining these distributions. More recently the inputs from human activities of both natural and artificial (i.e. man-made) radionuclides have provided additional opportunities for the study of marine processes on local, regional and global scales. Because the sources of artificial radionuclides are often reasonably well defined in space and time, and because a wider range of elements is represented, new viewpoints for the study of processes have become available. Although it is outside the scope of this Symposium, it must be acknowledged that the radiological protection requirements for radioactive waste disposal prac­ tices to be based on a sound scientific understanding of radionuclide behaviour in the sea have also provided a very strong impetus for the studies. Front Matter....Pages i-xiii Front Matter....Pages 1-1 Radiocaesium and Plutonium in Atlantic Surface Waters from 73 °N to 72 °S....Pages 3-11 Radioactive Tracers in the Greenland Sea....Pages 12-22 Short- and Long-Range Transport of Caesium and Plutonium in Spanish Mediterranean Waters....Pages 23-23 Radionuclides in Water and Suspended Particulate Matter from the North Sea....Pages 24-36 Studies on the Speciation of Plutonium and Americium in the Western Irish Sea....Pages 37-51 Anthropogenic 14 C as a Tracer in Western U.K. Coastal Waters....Pages 52-60 Radiocaesium in Local and Regional Coastal Water Modelling Exercises....Pages 61-73 Mathematical Model of 125 Sb Transport and Dispersion in the Channel....Pages 74-83 The Dispersion of 137 Cs from Sellafield and Chernobyl in the N.W. European Shelf Seas....Pages 84-93 Gas Exchange at the Air-Sea Interface: A Technique for Radon Measurements in Seawater....Pages 94-104 Front Matter....Pages 105-105 Are Thorium Scavenging and Particle Fluxes in the Ocean Regulated By Coagulation?....Pages 107-115 234 Th: An Ambiguous Tracer of Biogenic Particle Export from Northwestern Mediterranean Surface Waters....Pages 116-128 The Interaction between Hydrography and the Scavenging of 230 Th and 231 Pa Around the Polar Front, Antarctica....Pages 129-129 Particle/Solution Partitioning of Thorium Isotopes in Framvaren Fjord: Insights into Sorption Kinetics in a Super-Anoxic Environment....Pages 130-141 The Use of 210 Po/ 210 Pb Disequilibria in the Study of the Fate of Marine Particulate Matter....Pages 142-153 Study of the Scavenging of Trace Metals in Marine Systems Using Radionuclides....Pages 154-163 Lead-210 Balance and Implications for Particle Transport on The Continental Shelf, Mid-Atlantic Bight, USA....Pages 164-164 Surface Complexation Modelling of Plutonium Adsorption on Sediments of the Esk Estuary, Cumbria....Pages 165-174 Front Matter....Pages 175-175 The Determination of 240 Pu/ 239 Pu Atomic Ratios and 237 Np Concentrations Within Marine Sediments....Pages 177-186 A New Tracer Technique for in Situ Experimental Study of Bioturbation Processes....Pages 187-196 Front Matter....Pages 175-175 Le 137 Cs: Traceur de la Dynamique Sedimentaire sur le Prodelta du Rhone (Méditerranée nord-occidentale)....Pages 197-208 Be and Be in Submarine Hydrothermal Systems....Pages 209-209 The Role of Radiogenic Heavy Minerals in Coastal Sedimentology....Pages 210-221 The Use of 210 Pb as an Indicator of Biological Processes Affecting the Flux and Sediment Geochemistry of Organic Carbon in the NE Atlantic....Pages 222-233 The Total Alpha Particle Radioactivity for Some Components of Marine Ecosystems....Pages 234-244 Transuranics Contribution off Palomares Coast: Tracing History and Routes to the Marine Environment....Pages 245-254 The Use of Radionuclides (unsupported 210 Pb, 7 Be and 137 Cs) in Describing the Mixing Characteristics of Estuarine Sediments....Pages 255-264 Plutonium, Americtum and Radiocaesium in Sea Water, Sediments and Coastal Soils in Carlingford Lough....Pages 265-275 Radioecology of Cobalt-60 under Tropical Environmental Conditions....Pages 276-282 Front Matter....Pages 283-283 Thorium isotopes as tracers of particle dynamics and carbon export from the euphotic zone....Pages 285-285 Interannual Variation in Transuranic Flux at the Vertex Time-Series Station in the Northeast Pacific and Its Relationship to Biological Activity....Pages 286-298 Enhanced Deposition of Chernobyl Radiocesium by Plankton in the Norwegian Sea: Evidence from Sediment Trap Deployments....Pages 299-308 Polonium-210 and Lead-210 in Marine Organisms: Allometric Relationships and Their Significance....Pages 309-318 Radiotracers in the Study of Marine food Chains. The Use of Compartmental Analysis and Analog Modelling in Measuring Utilization Rates of Particulate Organic Matter by Benthic Invertebrates....Pages 319-328 Natural and Artificial Radioactivity in Coastal Regions of UK....Pages 329-339 The Ecological Half-Life of Cs-137 in Japanese Coastal Marine Biota....Pages 340-349 The Use of Pb-210/Ra-226 and Th-228/Ra-228 Dis-Equilibria in the Ageing of Otoliths of Marine Fish....Pages 350-359 Some Priorities in Marine Radioactivity Research....Pages 360-360 Front Matter....Pages 361-361 Characterizing the Mixing of Water Flowing Into the North Sea Using Artificial Gamma Emitters (Tramanor cruise, July 1988)....Pages 363-363 Transport D’elements A L’etat de Traces Dans les Eaux Cotieres de la Manche: Etude de la Distribution Spatiale d’un Traceur Radioactif ( 106 Ru-Rh) Dans les Moules et les Fucus....Pages 364-364 Front Matter....Pages 361-361 Studies on the Transport of Coastal Water from the English Channel to the Baltic Sea Using Radioactive Tracers (Mast Project)....Pages 365-365 Studies of Chernobyl 90 Sr and Cs Isotopes in the Northwest Black Sea (Poster)....Pages 366-366 The Scope for Studies of Artificial Radionuclides in the Seas Around the USSR....Pages 367-367 Teneurs en 239+249Pu, 137 Cs, 90 Sr des Eaux de mer au Voisinage de L’Atoll de Mururoa et en Polynesie Francaise....Pages 368-368 Uranium-Series Nuclides in Sediment, Water, and Biota of Saqvaqjuac Inlet, a Subarctic Estuary, N.W. Coast Hudson Bay....Pages 369-369 Les Mesures Directes Ininterrompues Gamma-Spectrométriques Dans le Milieu de Mer-Un Des Méthodes Perspectives de L’Etude et Du Contrôle de la Radioactivité de L’Eau Maritime....Pages 370-370 Iodine and Its Valency Forms as the Tracers of Water Movement....Pages 371-371 An Automated Radiochemical Purification Procedure for the Mass Spectrometric Analyses of Thorium and Plutonium in Environmental Samples (Poster)....Pages 372-372 A Preliminary Study to Assess the Effect of Some Seawater Components on the Speciation of Plutonium....Pages 373-373 Particle cycling rate constants from nutrient particle and thorium isotope data in the NW Atlantic Ocean....Pages 374-374 Chernobyl Radionuclides as Tracers of Sedimentation Processes in the Northern Adriatic Sea (Italy)....Pages 375-375 A Study of Pb-210 Method Applicability to Guanabara Bay Sedimentation Rates....Pages 376-376 Artificial Radionuclides in the Surface Sediment of the Irish Sea....Pages 377-377 Radiocaesium in North- East Irish Sea Sediments: Interstitial Water Chemistry....Pages 378-378 Correlation Between Particle Size and Radioactivity in Inter-Tidal Sediments in Northern Ireland....Pages 379-379 210 Pb Chronologies of Recent Sediments in Tidal Lakes of the Chenier Marshes of Louisiana....Pages 380-380 The Chemical Associations and Behaviour of Long-Lived Actinide Elements in Coastal Soils and Sediments....Pages 381-381 Saltmarshes: An interface for exposure to radionuclides from marine discharges at Sellafield....Pages 382-382 Evaluation of Metal Dynamics in Sediments of a Tropical Coastal Lagoon by Means of Radiotracers and Sequential Extractions....Pages 383-383 210 Pb Uptake by a Tropical Brown Seaweed ( Padina Gymnospora )....Pages 384-384 Front Matter....Pages 361-361 Strombus pugilis (Mollusc: Gastropode) as a Potential Indicator of Co-60 in a Marine Ecosystem....Pages 385-385 The Uptake and Distribution of α-Emitting Radionuclides in Marine Organisms....Pages 386-386 Abyssal Module Incubator 6000 Meters (A.M.I. 6000), Un Dispositif de Marquage Par L’eau D’organismes Marins de Grandes Profondeurs....Pages 387-387 Radionuclides in the Study of Marine Processes: Is there a Role for Regular Monitoring?....Pages 388-388 Comparison of Genotoxic Responses of Some Benthic Marine Invertebrates to Radiation....Pages 389-389 A Model of Diodromous Pish Spawning....Pages 390-390 Back Matter....Pages 391-393 The Norwich Symposium, 'Radionuclides in the Study of Marine Proces­ ses', is a sequel to the very successful conference held at Cherbourg, France in June 1987. The international character of the meeting has been maintained with thirty-eight contributions, from seventeen countries, being accepted for oral presentation. For many years, the radioactive properties of the naturally occurring radionuclides have been used to determine their distributions in the marine environment and, more generally, to gain an understanding of the dynamic processes which control their behaviour in attaining these distributions. More recently the inputs from human activities of both natural and artificial (i.e. man-made) radionuclides have provided additional opportunities for the study of marine processes on local, regional and global scales. Because the sources of artificial radionuclides are often reasonably well defined in space and time, and because a wider range of elements is represented, new viewpoints for the study of processes have become available. Although it is outside the scope of this Symposium, it must be acknowledged that the radiological protection requirements for radioactive waste disposal prac­ tices to be based on a sound scientific understanding of radionuclide behaviour in the sea have also provided a very strong impetus for the studies