Radionuclide And Metal Sorption On Cement And Concrete (topics In Safety, Risk, Reliability And Quality)

Cementitious materials are being widely used as solidification/stabilisation and barrier materials for a variety of chemical and radioactive wastes, primarily due to their favourable retention properties for metals, radionuclides and other contaminants. The retention properties result from various mineral phases in hydrated cement that possess a high density and diversity of reactive sites for the fixation of contaminants through a variety of sorption and incorporation reactions. This book presents a state of the art review and critical evaluation of the type and magnitude of the various sorption and incorporation processes in hydrated cement systems for twenty-five elements relevant for a broad range of radioactive and industrial wastes. Effects of cement evolution or ageing on sorption/incorporation processes are explicitly evaluated and quantified. While the immobilisation of contaminants by mixing-in during hydration is not explicitly addressed, the underlying chemical processes are similar. A quantitative database on the solid/liquid distribution behaviour of radionuclides and other elements in hydrated cement systems is established on the basis of a consistent review and re-evaluation of literature data. In addition to recommended values, all underlying original experimental data and key experimental info rmation are provided, which allows users to trace the given recommendations or to develop their own set of key values. This database is closely tied to the safety analysis of near surface disposal of radioactive waste in Belgium. It focuses on radioelements, toxic stable elements and heavy metals, which makes it relevant for investigations involving the interaction of radioactive and conventional contaminants with cement-based barriers. Front Matter....Pages i-xxx Introduction and Objective....Pages 1-3 Cementitious Materials and Their Sorption Properties....Pages 5-16 Sorption Values for Chlorine and Iodine....Pages 17-44 Sorption Values for Caesium, Strontium, Radium, and Silver....Pages 45-79 Sorption Values for Calcium, Nickel, and Carbon....Pages 81-120 Sorption Values for Thorium, Uranium, Plutonium, Neptunium, and Protactinium....Pages 121-170 Sorption Values for Americium....Pages 171-182 Sorption Values for Selenium, Molybdenum, and Technetium ....Pages 183-209 Sorption Values for Palladium and Lead....Pages 211-219 Sorption Values for Niobium and Tin....Pages 221-236 Sorption Values for Hydrogen and Beryllium....Pages 237-241 Sorption Values for Zirconium....Pages 243-251 Back Matter....Pages 253-301