Radiologic Clinics Of North America. Diagnostic Challenges in Musculoskeletal Radiology Vol 43 Issues 4

Cover ......Page 1 Preface......Page 2 Disc mechanics and physiology......Page 3 Development of nucleus replacement devices......Page 4 Contained and predefined devices......Page 5 Indications......Page 6 Results......Page 7 References......Page 8 Limits of low-field systems......Page 10 Cartilage......Page 11 Rotator cuff......Page 12 Instability......Page 13 Trauma......Page 14 Advantages and limits......Page 15 References......Page 16 Technique......Page 19 Technical complications......Page 20 Contrast extravasation......Page 21 Contrast resorption......Page 22 Postoperative meniscus......Page 23 Postoperative anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction......Page 24 Cyclops lesion......Page 26 Chondral lesions......Page 27 Intra-articular bodies......Page 28 Cystic adventitial disease......Page 29 References......Page 30 How to perform wrist MR arthrography......Page 33 Triangular fibrocartilage complex......Page 35 Triangular fibrocartilage complex tears......Page 37 MR imaging and MR arthrography......Page 38 Treatment......Page 39 Dorsal ligaments......Page 40 Intrinsic ligaments......Page 42 Scapholunate instability......Page 43 MR imaging and MR arthrography......Page 44 MR imaging and MR arthrography......Page 45 Midcarpal instability......Page 46 Ulnar impaction syndrome......Page 47 Ulnar styloid impaction syndrome......Page 48 Postoperative wrist......Page 49 Ulnar collateral ligament injury......Page 50 Trapeziometacarpal instability......Page 51 Summary......Page 52 References......Page 53 Tendons: ultrasound appearance......Page 56 Tendon imaging on MR imaging......Page 57 Ultrasound......Page 61 MR imaging......Page 64 References......Page 91 Direct MR arthrography......Page 93 Utility......Page 95 Labral tears......Page 96 Rotator cuff tears......Page 99 Summary......Page 100 References......Page 101 How to perform ankle MR arthrography......Page 103 Ligamentous injuries......Page 105 Ankle impingement syndromes......Page 107 Anterolateral impingement syndrome......Page 108 Anterior impingement syndrome......Page 109 Posteromedial impingement syndrome......Page 110 Cartilage lesions......Page 111 Osteochondral lesions of the talus......Page 112 Synovial disorders......Page 113 Indirect MR arthrography......Page 114 Summary......Page 115 References......Page 116 Clinical findings......Page 118 Radiographs......Page 119 MR imaging......Page 120 Spontaneous osteonecrosis of the knee......Page 121 Clinical presentation......Page 122 Bone scintigraphy......Page 123 Pathogenesis......Page 124 Transient osteoporosis, transient bone marrow edema syndrome, and reflex sympathetic dystrophy syndrome......Page 126 Subchondral insufficiency fracture......Page 127 Differential diagnosis between spontaneous osteonecrosis of the knee and self-resolving lesions presenting the bone marrow edema pattern......Page 128 Particular setting: epiphyseal lesions observed after meniscectomy......Page 130 References......Page 131 Three-dimensional spoiled gradient echo imaging......Page 136 Sensitivity and specificity of MR imaging......Page 137 Image artifacts......Page 138 Three-dimensional driven equilibrium Fourier transform......Page 140 Three-dimensional steady-state free precession and multipoint fat-water separation......Page 141 Three-dimensional fast spin echo imaging......Page 142 References......Page 144 Basic principles of cartilage morphology......Page 147 T2 relaxation time measurements: technical aspects......Page 149 Factors influencing T2 relaxation: magic angle effect......Page 150 T2 relaxation and cartilage morphology......Page 151 Experience from clinical imaging......Page 152 Diffusion-weighted imaging and cartilage morphology......Page 153 References......Page 156 MR imaging protocol for diabetic foot......Page 160 Callous or ulceration......Page 162 Septic arthritis......Page 163 Spread of infection......Page 165 Differentiating diabetic neuroarthropathy versus osteomyelitis......Page 169 References......Page 171 Important interindividual variations in vertebral marrow appearance......Page 173 Limited intervertebral variations in vertebral marrow appearance......Page 174 Islands of red marrow......Page 175 Vertebral hemangioma......Page 176 Vertebral enostosis: compact bone island......Page 178 Focal nodular hyperplasia of red marrow......Page 179 Diffuse hematopoietic marrow hyperplasia......Page 180 References......Page 181