Radiolabeled Monoclonal Antibodies For Imaging And Therapy (nato Science Series A:)

The advent of hybridoma technology leading to the successful produc­ tion of monoclonal antibodies against a variety of tumor-associated antigens has, during the last decade, provided a very powerful tool for research and clinical investigations. These highly specific reagents have essentially replaced the polysera of the earlier days. The successful demonstration of the many wide ranging capabilities of the monoclonal antibody technique has already begun to exert an enormous impact on diverse areas of research in basic science and medicine. In particular, the potential of monoclonal antibodies to serve as carriers for selective targeting of radionuclides to tumors for diagnosis or therapy, has stimulated an intense surge of research interest and even revived hopes of realizing Ehrlich's concept of the "magic bullet". Indeed, the technology appears to be on the threshold of a revolution in diagnosing and treating malignant disease. Much work remains to be done, however, and even though the progress has been impressive, results to date have shown only moderate success. There is no question that the limited success we have achieved thus far is merely a prelude to the many more exciting developments yet to come. Front Matter....Pages i-xiv Front Matter....Pages 1-1 Immunochemistry of Hybridomas....Pages 3-21 Characterization and Selection Criteria of Monoclonal Antibodies for Tumor Imaging Studies....Pages 23-38 Tumor Markers and Their Relevance in the Design of Radioimmunoimaging Experiments....Pages 39-50 Selection of Monoclonal Antibodies with Optimal Biological Functions for Clinical Application....Pages 51-54 Selection and Utilization of Monoclonal Antibody Defined Melanoma Associated Antigens for Immunoscintigraphy in Patients with Melanoma....Pages 55-73 Development and Characterization of Human Monoclonal Antibodies and Their Application in the Radioimmunodetection of Colon Carcinoma....Pages 75-94 Progress in Diagnostic Immunoscintigraphy and First Approach to Radioimmunotherapy of Colon Carcinoma....Pages 95-110 The Design of a Radiolabeled Monoclonal Antibody for Radioimmunodiagnosis and Radioimmunotherapy....Pages 111-122 Immunohistochemistry and Correlation with Plasma Levels of CA 19-9 and CEA in Gastrointestinal Tumors....Pages 123-128 Optimization of Mouse IgG Fragmentation Technique in the Selection of Monoclonal Antibodies for Myocardial Infarct Imaging....Pages 129-137 Sensitivity and Efficacy Indices for Oncologic Data Reporting....Pages 139-145 Front Matter....Pages 147-147 Production and Use of Prospective Radionuclides for Radioimmunotherapy....Pages 149-163 Criteria for the Selection of Nuclides for Radioimmunotherapy....Pages 165-176 Experience with Iodine-123 Labeled Antibodies....Pages 177-191 Front Matter....Pages 193-193 Radiohalogenation of Antibodies: Chemical Aspects....Pages 195-213 Radiohalogenation of Monoclonal Antibodies: Experiences with Radioiodination of Monoclonal Antibodies for Radioimmunotherapy....Pages 215-227 Use of Bifunctional Chelating Agents for Radiolabeling Antibodies....Pages 229-238 Monoclonal Antibody Labeling with Indium-111 and Gadolinium via DTPA Chelation on Selective and Nonselective Sites of the Antibody....Pages 239-251 Important Chemical Variables for Labeling Antibodies with Indium-111 and Technetium-99m....Pages 253-260 Potential Labeling of Monoclonal Antibodies with Positron Emitters....Pages 261-267 Front Matter....Pages 269-292 Quantitative Pharmacokinetics of Radiolabeled Monoclonal Antibodies for Imaging and Therapy in Patients....Pages 293-310 Kinetic Analysis with Probability Mapping in Radioimmunoscintigraphy....Pages 311-322 Biokinetic Studies and Scintigraphic Imaging of Human Carcinoma Xenografts with Radiolabeled Monoclonal Antibodies....Pages 323-341 Use of an Animal Model System for Evaluating Labeled Monoclonal Antibodies....Pages 343-361 Antibody-Hapten Complexes for Imaging....Pages 363-375 Antibody — Carboxypeptidase G2 Conjugates as Potential Tumour Imaging Agents....Pages 377-383 In Vivo Kinetics of 131 I-Monoclonal Antibodies [anti-CEA and 19-9, F(ab′) 2 ] in Humans....Pages 385-390 Front Matter....Pages 391-391 The National Institutes of Health Experience with Radiolabeled Monoclonal Antibodies: Lymphoma, Melanoma, and Colon Cancer....Pages 393-407 Adjuvant Radioimmunotherapy for Micrometastases: A Strategy for Cancer Cure....Pages 409-429 Quantitative Imaging and Internal Radiation Dosimetry in the Therapeutic Use of Labeled Monoclonal Antibodies....Pages 431-443 The Distribution of Halogenated (At-211 or I-125) Tumor Specific Antibody in Tumor Bearing and Control Mice....Pages 445-450 Front Matter....Pages 463-463 State-of-the-Art and Performance Testing of Instrumentation for the Scintigraphic Detection of Tumors with Labeled Monoclonal Antibodies....Pages 465-493 Theoretical Limitations of Tumor Imaging....Pages 495-512 Image Subtraction Techniques in Immunoscintigraphy....Pages 513-540 Digital Superimposition of Single Photon Emission Computerized Tomography (SPECT) and CT Images for Immunoscintigraphy....Pages 541-550 Radioimmunoscintigraphy — SPECT with I-131 — MAbs; Comparison with TCT in the Follow-up of Colorectal Cancer....Pages 551-555 Comparative Prospective Detection of Recurrences of Carcinomas with SPECT Imaging Using Radiolabeled Monoclonal Antibodies, Ultrasonography and Computed Tomography....Pages 557-569 NMR Enhancement with Gd Labeled Antibodies....Pages 571-579 Front Matter....Pages 581-581 Preclinical and Clinical Studies with Indium-111 anti-CEA Antibodies and Fragments....Pages 583-610 Clinical Experience in Cancer Diagnosis with Radiolabeled Monoclonal Antibodies in 200 Patients and Initial Attempts at Radioimmunotherapy....Pages 613-651 Front Matter....Pages 581-581 Tumor Radioimmunodetection by anti-Melanoma and anti-CEA Monoclonal Antibodies: Pilot and Prospective Studies....Pages 653-681 Tumor Immunoscintigraphy: Multicenter Clinical Trials of the Italian National Research Council (CNR)....Pages 683-694 Interstitial and Intravenous Application of Monoclonal Antibody F(ab’) 2 Fragments in the Detection of Lymph Node Metastases: Benefits and Problems with Both Routes of Administration....Pages 695-699 Radioimaging of Melanoma and CEA Secreting Tumours by Monoclonal Antibodies Performed by Different Routes of Administration....Pages 701-714 A Monoclonal Antibody (Po66-2) Reactive with Human Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma — Cell Reactivity In Vitro and Preliminary Scintigraphic Trials....Pages 715-722 Monoclonal Antibodies Against Human Osteosarcoma: Preliminary Studies....Pages 723-728 Front Matter....Pages 737-737 Radioimmunotherapy of Cancer: Historical Perspectives and Prospects for the Future....Pages 739-768 Recent Perspectives on the Use of Radiolabeled Monoclonal Antibodies for Immunotherapy....Pages 769-779 Intraperitoneal Therapy of Ovarian Cancer with Radiolabeled Monoclonal Antibodies....Pages 781-791 Front Matter....Pages 793-793 Radioactive Monoclonal Antibodies Against Cell Surface Antigens for Labeling Leukocyte Subpopulations....Pages 795-805 Monoclonal Antibody Against Human Fibrin for Imaging Thrombi....Pages 807-815 Radiolabeled Antiplatelet Monoclonal Antibodies for the Scintigraphic Localization of In-vivo Thrombi and Vascular Lesions....Pages 817-830 Potential of Radiolabeled Antiplatelet Antibodies in the Detection of Vascular Thrombi....Pages 831-845 Back Matter....Pages 847-876