Radiofrequency Radiation Standards : Biological Effects, Dosimetry, Epidemiology, and Public Health Policy

The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) has sponsored research and personnel safety standards development for exposure to Radiofrequency Radiation (RFR) for over twenty years. The Aerospace Medical Panel of the Advisory Group For Aerospace Research and Development (AGARD) sponsored Lecture Series No. 78 Radiation Hazards,! in 1975, in the Netherlands, Germany, and Norway, on the subject of Radiation Hazards to provide a review and critical analysis of the available information and concepts. In the same year, Research Study Group 2 on Protection of Personnel Against Non-Ionizing Electromagnetic Radiation (Panel VIIl of AC/243 Defence Research Group, NATO) proposed a revision to Standardization Agreement (STANAG) 2345. The intent of the proposal was to revise the ST ANAG to incorporate frequency-dependent-RFR safety guidelines. These changes are documented in the NATO STANAG 2345 (MED), Control and Recording of Personnel Exposure to Radiofrequency Radiation,2 promulgated in 1979. Research Study Group 2 (RSG2) of NATO Defense Research Group Panel VIII (AC1243) was organized, in 1981, to study and contribute technical information concerning the protection of military personnel from the effects of radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation. A workshop at the Royal Air Force Institute of Aviation Medicine, Royal Aircraft Establishment, Farnborough, U. K. was held to develop and/or compile sufficient knowledge on the long-term effects of pulsed RFR to maintain safe procedures and to minimize unnecessary operational constraints. Front Matter....Pages i-xiv Front Matter....Pages 1-1 The Standardization Agreement (STANAG) on the Protection of NATO Personnel against Radiofrequency Radiation....Pages 3-13 International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection Progress towards Radiofrequency Field Standards....Pages 15-21 European Communities Progress towards Electromagnetic Fields Exposure Standards in the Workplace....Pages 23-30 ANSI/IEEE Exposure Standards for Radiofrequency Fields....Pages 31-33 Radiofrequency Radiation Safety Guidelines in the Federal Republic of Germany....Pages 35-40 Front Matter....Pages 41-41 New Technologies for Dosimetry: Slow Luminescence....Pages 43-50 Biological Effects of High-Peak-Power Microwave Energy....Pages 51-54 Some Recent Applications of FDTD for EM Dosimetry: ELF to Microwave Frequencies....Pages 55-77 Microwave Exposure Limits for the Eye: Applying Infrared Laser Threshold Data....Pages 79-87 New IEEE Standards on Measurement of Potentially Hazardous Radiofrequency/Microwave Electromagnetic Fields....Pages 89-99 Risk Assessment of Human Exposure to Low Frequency Fields....Pages 101-111 Front Matter....Pages 113-113 Navy Issues Surrounding DOD-EMR Safety Standards....Pages 115-118 An Overview of the Proposed Industrial Hygiene Technical Standard for Non-Ionizing Radiation and Fields for the U.S. Department of Energy....Pages 119-132 Radiofrequency Safety Practice in the UK Ministry of Defence....Pages 133-137 Practical Control of Non-Ionizing Radiation Hazards....Pages 139-146 DoD Implementation of New ANSI/IEEE Personnel RF Standard....Pages 147-151 Front Matter....Pages 153-153 Epidemiology and What it Can Tell Us....Pages 155-163 Evaluation of Reproductive Epidemiologic Studies....Pages 165-169 Epidemiology of Electromagnetic Fields and Cancer....Pages 171-183 Front Matter....Pages 185-185 The Dielectric Properties of Biological Materials....Pages 187-196 Front Matter....Pages 185-185 Interaction of Calcium in Biological Systems with Electromagnetic Fields....Pages 197-206 Effects of Weak High-Frequency Electromagnetic Fields on Biological Systems....Pages 207-221 Effects of Radiofrequency Radiation (RFR) on Neurophysiological Stress Indicators....Pages 223-234 Biological Effects Versus Health Effects: An Investigation of the Genotoxicity of Microwave Radiation....Pages 235-241 Front Matter....Pages 243-243 Thermal Physiology of Radiofrequency Radiation (RFR) Interactions in Animals and Humans....Pages 245-269 Effects of Microwave Radiation Exposure on Behavioral Performance in Nonhuman Primates....Pages 271-277 Effects of RFR/EMF Exposure on Pineal/Melatonin....Pages 279-289 Cardiovascular Responses to Radiofrequency Radiation....Pages 291-294 Frequency and Orientation Effects on Sites of Energy Deposition....Pages 295-301 Extrapolation of Animal Radiofrequency Radiation (RFR) Bioeffects to Humans....Pages 303-307 Front Matter....Pages 309-309 Bioeffects of Long-Term Exposures of Animals....Pages 311-326 Evaluation of Electromagnetic Fields in Biology and Medicine....Pages 327-335 Overview of the Radiofrequency Radiation (RFR) Bioeffects Database....Pages 337-388 Front Matter....Pages 389-389 How New RFR Standards will Impact the Broadcast and Telecommunications Industries....Pages 391-408 How the Popular Press and Media Influence Scientific Interpretations and Public Opinion....Pages 409-414 Impact of Public Concerns about Low-Level Electromagnetic Fields (EMF) on Interpretation of EMF/Radiofrequency (RFR) Database....Pages 415-426 Communicating Risk of Electromagnetic Fields/Radiofrequency Radiation (EMF/RFR)....Pages 427-436 Back Matter....Pages 437-455 Proceedings of a NATO ARW on Developing a New Standardization Agreement (STANAG) for Radiofrequency Radiation held in Pomezia (Rome), Italy, May 17-21, 1993