مدل‌سازی عملکرد سیستم رادار (سری کتابخانه رادار آرتک هاوس)

Turn to this expanded second edition of an Artech House bestseller for the most current and comprehensive coverage of radar system performance analysis and system-level modeling. This revised edition features new material on airborne and space-based radar, radar tracking techniques, radar system design, and operational and performance issues. It also provides new detailed examples, problem sets and solutions, and a comprehensive self-test to evaluate your understanding. Team DDU......Page 1 Contents......Page 8 Preface......Page 14 1.1 This Book and How to Use It......Page 16 1.2 Concept of Radar Operation......Page 18 1.3 Radar Applications and Functions......Page 19 1.4 Functional Models......Page 20 1.5 Custom Radar Functions......Page 21 Selected Bibliography......Page 24 2.1 Radar Basing......Page 26 2.2 Frequency Bands......Page 28 2.3 Antenna Types......Page 30 2.4 Waveform Types......Page 31 2.5 Signal Processing Techniques......Page 32 2.7 Problems......Page 34 Selected Bibliography......Page 35 3.1 Transmitter......Page 36 3.2 Antennas......Page 38 3.3 Phased-Array Antennas......Page 45 3.4 Receiver and Signal Processor......Page 50 3.5 Target Radar Cross Section......Page 52 3.6 Problems......Page 56 References......Page 57 Selected Bibliography......Page 58 CHAPTER 4 Radar Waveforms......Page 60 4.1 Waveform Characteristics......Page 61 4.2 CW Pulses......Page 64 4.3 Linear FM Pulses......Page 66 4.4 Phase-Coded Waveforms......Page 69 4.5 Pulse-Burst Waveforms......Page 71 4.6 Multiple-Time-Around Returns......Page 74 4.8 Problems......Page 75 Selected Bibliography......Page 77 5.1 Radar Range Equation......Page 78 5.2 Parameter Definition in the Radar Equation......Page 82 5.3 Reference Range......Page 85 5.4 Pulse Integration......Page 86 5.5 Minimum Range Constraint......Page 91 5.6 Problems......Page 94 5.7.1 Function SNR_dB......Page 95 5.7.2 Function Range_km......Page 96 5.7.4 Function SP_SNR_dB......Page 98 References......Page 100 Selected Bibliography......Page 101 6.1 The Detection Process......Page 102 6.2 False Alarms......Page 104 6.3 Detection Using a Single Pulse or Coherent Dwell......Page 107 6.4 Detection Using Noncoherent Integration......Page 110 6.5 Cumulative Detection......Page 113 6.6 Problems......Page 116 6.7.1 Function Pfa_Factor......Page 117 6.7.3 Function ProbDet_Factor......Page 118 6.7.4 Function SNR_SP_dB......Page 120 Selected Bibliography......Page 121 7.1 The Search Equation......Page 124 7.2 Rotating Search Radar......Page 126 7.3 Volume Search with Phased-Array Radar......Page 131 7.4 Cued Search......Page 138 7.5 Horizon Search with Phased-Array Radar......Page 143 7.6 Horizon Search with Dish Radar......Page 145 7.7 Problems......Page 148 7.8.1 Function SearchR_Rot1_km......Page 150 7.8.2 Function SearchR_Rot2_km......Page 152 7.8.3 Function SearchR_Vol1_km......Page 154 7.8.4 Function SearchR_Vol2_km......Page 157 7.8.5 Function SearchR_Cue1_km......Page 160 7.8.6 Function SearchR_Cue2_km......Page 162 7.8.7 Function SearchR_Hor1_km......Page 166 7.8.8 Function SearchR_Hor2_km......Page 169 7.8.9 Function Sr_BowTie1_km......Page 172 7.8.10 Function Sr_BowTie2_km......Page 174 References......Page 176 Selected Bibliography......Page 178 CHAPTER 8 Radar Measurement and Tracking......Page 180 8.1 Range Measurement Accuracy......Page 182 8.2 Angular Measurement Accuracy......Page 184 8.3 Velocity Measurement Accuracy......Page 187 8.4 Measurement of Target Features......Page 189 8.5 Multiradar Measurements......Page 193 8.6 Measurement Smoothing and Tracking......Page 195 8.7 Radar Tracking Techniques......Page 197 8.8 Problems......Page 198 8.9.1 Function RangeError_m......Page 200 8.9.2 Function AngleError_mR......Page 201 8.9.3 Function DopVelError_mps......Page 203 8.9.4 Function RadVelError_mps......Page 204 8.9.5 Function CrossVelError_mps......Page 205 8.9.6 Function PredictError_km......Page 206 Selected Bibliography......Page 208 9.1 Terrain and Sea-Surface Effects......Page 210 9.2 Precipitation Effects......Page 216 9.3 Troposphere Effects......Page 220 9.4 Ionosphere Effects......Page 224 9.5 Problems......Page 228 9.6.2 Function RainLocAtten_dBpkm......Page 230 9.6.3 RainPathAtten_dB......Page 231 9.6.4 Function SCR_Rain_dB......Page 233 9.6.5 Function TropoAtten_dB......Page 234 9.6.6 Function TropoEl_Err_mR......Page 235 9.6.7 Function TropoR_Err_m......Page 236 9.6.9 Function IonoR_Err_m......Page 237 Selected Bibliography......Page 239 CHAPTER 10 Radar Countermeasures and Counter-Countermeasures......Page 242 10.1 Radar Countermeasure Summary......Page 243 10.2 Mainlobe Jamming......Page 246 10.3 Sidelobe Jamming......Page 252 10.4 Volume Chaff......Page 256 10.5 Decoy Discrimination......Page 260 10.6 Problems......Page 263 10.7.1 Function DiscProb_Factor......Page 264 10.7.2 Function ML_SJNR_dB......Page 265 10.7.3 Function ML_BTRange_km......Page 266 10.7.4 Function SL_SJNR_dB......Page 269 10.7.5 Function SL_BTRange_km......Page 271 10.7.6 Function SCR_Chaff_dB......Page 274 Selected Bibliography......Page 277 CHAPTER 11 Airborne and Space-Based Radar Issues......Page 278 11.1 Radar Configurations......Page 279 11.2 Clutter Characteristics......Page 281 11.3 Pulse-Doppler Processing......Page 284 11.4 Displaced Phase Center Arrays (DPCA)......Page 286 11.5 Space-Time Adaptive Processing (STAP)......Page 288 11.6 Synthetic-Aperture Radar (SAR)......Page 289 11.7 Problems......Page 294 11.8.1 Function Graz_Ang_deg......Page 295 11.8.2 Function Dep_Ang_deg......Page 296 11.8.3 Function MB_Clutter_V_mps......Page 297 11.8.4 Function SAR_XR_Res_m......Page 298 Selected Bibliography......Page 300 12.1 Methodology......Page 302 12.2 False-Alarm Probability Optimization......Page 304 12.3 Cumulative Detection over Long Periods......Page 307 12.4 Cued Search Using a Dish Radar......Page 310 12.5 Composite Measurement Errors......Page 315 12.6 Detection in Jamming, Chaff, and Noise......Page 319 12.7 Problems......Page 323 References......Page 324 Selected Bibliography......Page 325 Appendix A List of Symbols......Page 326 Appendix B Glossary......Page 334 Appendix C Custom Radar Software Functions......Page 338 Reference......Page 343 Appendix D Unit Conversion......Page 344 Reference......Page 346 Appendix E Problem Solutions......Page 348 Appendix F Self Test......Page 378 About the Author......Page 396 Index......Page 400 Team DDU Radar System Performance Modeling, Second Edition 1 Cover 1 Contents 8 Preface 14 CHAPTER 1 Introduction 16 1.1 This Book and How to Use It 16 1.2 Concept of Radar Operation 18 1.3 Radar Applications and Functions 19 1.4 Functional Models 20 1.5 Custom Radar Functions 21 1.6 Problems 24 References 24 Selected Bibliography 24 CHAPTER 2 Radar Configurations 26 2.1 Radar Basing 26 2.2 Frequency Bands 28 2.3 Antenna Types 30 2.4 Waveform Types 31 2.5 Signal Processing Techniques 32 2.6 Monostatic and Bistatic Radar 34 2.7 Problems 34 References 35 Selected Bibliography 35 CHAPTER 3 Radar Analysis Parameters 36 3.1 Transmitter 36 3.2 Antennas 38 3.3 Phased-Array Antennas 45 3.4 Receiver and Signal Processor 50 3.5 Target Radar Cross Section 52 3.6 Problems 56 References 57 Selected Bibliography 58 CHAPTER 4 Radar Waveforms 60 4.1 Waveform Characteristics 61 4.2 CW Pulses 64 4.3 Linear FM Pulses 66 4.4 Phase-Coded Waveforms 69 4.5 Pulse-Burst Waveforms 71 4.6 Multiple-Time-Around Returns 74 4.7 Radial-Velocity Ambiguities 75 4.8 Problems 75 References 77 Selected Bibliography 77 CHAPTER 5 The Radar Equation 78 5.1 Radar Range Equation 78 5.2 Parameter Definition in the Radar Equation 82 5.3 Reference Range 85 5.4 Pulse Integration 86 5.5 Minimum Range Constraint 91 5.6 Problems 94 5.7 VBA Software Functions for the Radar Equation 95 5.7.1 Function SNR_dB 95 5.7.2 Function Range_km 96 5.7.3 Function Integrated_SNR_dB 98 5.7.4 Function SP_SNR_dB 98 References 100 Selected Bibliography 101 CHAPTER 6 Radar Detection 102 6.1 The Detection Process 102 6.2 False Alarms 104 6.3 Detection Using a Single Pulse or Coherent Dwell 107 6.4 Detection Using Noncoherent Integration 110 6.5 Cumulative Detection 113 6.6 Problems 116 6.7 VBA Software Functions for Radar Detection 117 6.7.1 Function Pfa_Factor 117 6.7.2 Function FArate_per_s 118 6.7.3 Function ProbDet_Factor 118 6.7.4 Function SNR_SP_dB 120 References 121 Selected Bibliography 121 CHAPTER 7 Radar Search Modes 124 7.1 The Search Equation 124 7.2 Rotating Search Radar 126 7.3 Volume Search with Phased-Array Radar 131 7.4 Cued Search 138 7.5 Horizon Search with Phased-Array Radar 143 7.6 Horizon Search with Dish Radar 145 7.7 Problems 148 7.8 VBA Software Functions for Radar Search Modes 150 7.8.1 Function SearchR_Rot1_km 150 7.8.2 Function SearchR_Rot2_km 152 7.8.3 Function SearchR_Vol1_km 154 7.8.4 Function SearchR_Vol2_km 157 7.8.5 Function SearchR_Cue1_km 160 7.8.6 Function SearchR_Cue2_km 162 7.8.7 Function SearchR_Hor1_km 166 7.8.8 Function SearchR_Hor2_km 169 7.8.9 Function Sr_BowTie1_km 172 7.8.10 Function Sr_BowTie2_km 174 References 176 Selected Bibliography 178 CHAPTER 8 Radar Measurement and Tracking 180 8.1 Range Measurement Accuracy 182 8.2 Angular Measurement Accuracy 184 8.3 Velocity Measurement Accuracy 187 8.4 Measurement of Target Features 189 8.5 Multiradar Measurements 193 8.6 Measurement Smoothing and Tracking 195 8.7 Radar Tracking Techniques 197 8.8 Problems 198 8.9 VBA Software Functions for Radar Measurement and Tracking 200 8.9.1 Function RangeError_m 200 8.9.2 Function AngleError_mR 201 8.9.3 Function DopVelError_mps 203 8.9.4 Function RadVelError_mps 204 8.9.5 Function CrossVelError_mps 205 8.9.6 Function PredictError_km 206 References 208 Selected Bibliography 208 CHAPTER 9 Environment and Mitigation Techniques 210 9.1 Terrain and Sea-Surface Effects 210 9.2 Precipitation Effects 216 9.3 Troposphere Effects 220 9.4 Ionosphere Effects 224 9.5 Problems 228 9.6 VBA Software Functions for Environment and Mitigation Techniques 230 9.6.1 Function SCR_Surf_dB 230 9.6.2 Function RainLocAtten_dBpkm 230 9.6.3 RainPathAtten_dB 231 9.6.4 Function SCR_Rain_dB 233 9.6.5 Function TropoAtten_dB 234 9.6.6 Function TropoEl_Err_mR 235 9.6.7 Function TropoR_Err_m 236 9.6.8 Function IonoEl_Err_mR 237 9.6.9 Function IonoR_Err_m 237 References 239 Selected Bibliography 239 CHAPTER 10 Radar Countermeasures and Counter-Countermeasures 242 10.1 Radar Countermeasure Summary 243 10.2 Mainlobe Jamming 246 10.3 Sidelobe Jamming 252 10.4 Volume Chaff 256 10.5 Decoy Discrimination 260 10.6 Problems 263 10.7 VBA Software Functions for Radar Countermeasures and Counter-Countermeasures 264 10.7.1 Function DiscProb_Factor 264 10.7.2 Function ML_SJNR_dB 265 10.7.3 Function ML_BTRange_km 266 10.7.4 Function SL_SJNR_dB 269 10.7.5 Function SL_BTRange_km 271 10.7.6 Function SCR_Chaff_dB 274 References 277 Selected Bibliography 277 CHAPTER 11 Airborne and Space-Based Radar Issues 278 11.1 Radar Configurations 279 11.2 Clutter Characteristics 281 11.3 Pulse-Doppler Processing 284 11.4 Displaced Phase Center Arrays (DPCA) 286 11.5 Space-Time Adaptive Processing (STAP) 288 11.6 Synthetic-Aperture Radar (SAR) 289 11.7 Problems 294 11.8 VBA Software Functions for Airborne and SBR 295 11.8.1 Function Graz_Ang_deg 295 11.8.2 Function Dep_Ang_deg 296 11.8.3 Function MB_Clutter_V_mps 297 11.8.4 Function SAR_XR_Res_m 298 References 300 Selected Bibliography 300 CHAPTER 12 Radar Performance Modeling Techniques and Examples 302 12.1 Methodology 302 12.2 False-Alarm Probability Optimization 304 12.3 Cumulative Detection over Long Periods 307 12.4 Cued Search Using a Dish Radar 310 12.5 Composite Measurement Errors 315 12.6 Detection in Jamming, Chaff, and Noise 319 12.7 Problems 323 References 324 Selected Bibliography 325 Appendix A List of Symbols 326 Appendix B Glossary 334 Appendix C Custom Radar Software Functions 338 Reference 343 Appendix D Unit Conversion 344 Reference 346 Appendix E Problem Solutions 348 Appendix F Self Test 378 About the Author 396 Index 400 Team DDU 1

Radar’s ever-expanding role in the modern world has spawned a demand for professionals well-versed in the latest system-level analysis and performance modeling techniques. This expanded second edition of an Artech House bestseller helps engineers, mathematicians, and programmers answer the call, by providing the clearest presentation of radar system principles and system-level modeling procedures available. It serves as both a reference and a text, and features new material on airborne and space-based radar, radar tracking techniques, radar system design, and operational and performance issues. It also provides detailed examples, problem sets and solutions, and a comprehensive self-test. Extensive references, bibliographies, and over 100 illustrations help make this work an indispensable resource for radar specialists and non-specialists alike.

 

CD-ROM Included! Provides custom radar functions and equations that let practitioners calculate the radar performance parameters covered by the book in Excel worksheets.

 

Market

Radar system analysts; modelers and programmers involved in simulating the performance of radar in systems; designers and engineers; as well as university students in related courses.

 

Contents

Preface. Introduction. Radar Configurations. Radar Analysis Parameters. Radar Waveforms. The Radar Equation. Radar Detection. Radar Search Modes. Radar Measurement and Tracking. Environment and Mitigation Techniques. Radar Countermeasures and Counter-Countermeasures. Airborne and Space-Based Radar Issues. Radar Performance Modeling Techniques and Examples. Appendixes.

 

 

 

About the Author

G. Richard Curry is a consultant in radar systems applications with nearly 50 years of experience in radar system analysis and design and military R&D planning, technology assessment, and management. His career has included positions with Science Applications International Corporation, General Research Corporation, Raytheon, and MIT Lincoln Laboratory. He received his M.S. in electrical engineering from MIT.

"This expanded second edition of an Artech House bestseller offers the most current and comprehensive coverage of radar system performance analysis and system-level modeling. This revised edition features new material on airborne and space-based radar, radar tracking techniques, radar system design, and operational and performance issues. It also provides new detailed examples, problem sets and solutions, and a comprehensive self-test to help readers evaluate their understanding of the material. Featuring over 255 equations and more than 120 illustrations, this systematic reference offers a clear understanding of the basics of radar design, operation, and applications."--Jacket