نژادپرستی در دنیای مدرن: دیدگاه‌های تاریخی درباره انتقال و سازگاری فرهنگی

Emphasizing the global nature of racism, this volume brings together historians from various regional specializations to explore this phenomenon from comparative and transnational perspectives. The essays shed light on how racial ideologies and practices developed, changed, and spread in Europe, Asia, the Near East, Australia, and Africa, focusing on processes of transfer, exchange, appropriation, and adaptation. To what extent, for example, were racial beliefs of Western origin? Did similar belief systems emerge in non-Western societies independently of Western influence? And how did these societies adopt and adapt Western racial beliefs once they were exposed to them? Up to this point, the few monographs or edited collections that exist only provide students of the history of racism with tentative answers to these questions. More importantly, the authors of these studies tend to ignore transnational processes of exchange and transfer. Yet, as this volume shows, these are crucial to an understanding of the diffusion of racial belief systems around the globe. Racism in the Modern World 2 Contents 6 Introduction. Racism in the Modern World: Historical Perspectives on Cultural Transfer and Adaptation: Manfred Berg and Simon Wendt 8 Chapter 1: The Racialization of the Globe: Historical Perspectives: Frank Dikötter 27 Chapter 2: How Racism Arose in Europe and Why It Did Not in the Near East: Benjamin Braude 48 Chapter 3: Culture’s Shadow: “Race” and Postnational Belonging in the Twentieth Century: Christian Geulen 72 Chapter 4: Racism and Genocide: Boris Barth 91 Chapter 5: Slavery and Racism in Nineteenth-Century Cuba: Michael Zeuske 112 Chapter 6: Toward a Transnational History of Racism: Wilhelm Marr and the Interrelationships between Colonial Racism and German Anti-Semitism: Claudia Bruns 129 Chapter 7: Transatlantic Anthropological Dialogue and “the Other”: Felix von Luschan’s Research in America, 1914–1915: John David Smith 147 Chapter 8: Transits of Race: Empire and Difference in Philippine-American Colonial History: Paul A. Kramer 170 Chapter 9: Interrogating Caste and Race in South Asia: Gita Dharampal-Frick and Katja Götzen 199 Chapter 10: The Making of a “Ruling Race”: Defining and Defending Whiteness in Colonial India: Harald Fischer-Tiné 220 Chapter 11: Glocalizing “Race” in China: Concepts and Contingencies at the Turn of the Twentieth Century: Gotelind Müller 243 Chapter 12: Race without Supremacy: On Racism in the Political Discourse of Late Meiji Japan, 1890–1912: Urs Matthias Zachmann 262 Chapter 13: Hendrik Verwoerd’s Long March to Apartheid: Nationalism and Racism in South Africa: Christoph Marx 288 Chapter 14: The “Right Kind of White People”: Reproducing Whiteness in the United States and Australia, 1780s–1930s: Gregory D. Smithers 310 Chapter 15: Race and Indigeneity in Contemporary Australia: A. Dirk Moses 336 Notes on Contributors 360 Select Bibliography 364 Index 378 Introduction Manfred Berg and Simon Wendt Chapter 1. The Racialization of the Globe: Historical Perspectives Frank Dikotter Chapter 2. How Racism Arose in Europe and Why It Did Not in the Near East Benjamin Braude Chapter 3. Culture's Shadow: RaceA" and Postnational Belonging in the Twentieth Century Christian Geulen Chapter 4. Racism and Genocide Boris Barth Chapter 5. Slavery and Racism in Nineteenth-Century Cuba Michael Zeuske Chapter 6. Towards a Transnational History of Racism: Wilhelm Marr and the Interrelationships between Colonial Racism and German Anti-Semitism Claudia Bruns Chapter 7. Transatlantic Anthropological Dialogue and the otherA": Felix von Luschan's Research in America, 1914-1915 John David Smith Chapter 8. Transits of Race: Empire and Difference in Philippine-American Colonial History Paul A. Kramer Chapter 9. Interrogating Caste and Race in South Asia Gita Dharampal-Frick and Katja Gotzen Chapter 10. The Making of a Ruling RaceA": Defining and Defending Whiteness in Colonial India Harald Fischer-Tine Chapter 11. Glocalising RaceA" in China: Concepts and Contingencies a the Turn of the Twentieth Century Gotelind Muller-Saini Chapter 12. Race without Supremacy: On Racism in the Political Discourse of Late Meiji Japan, 1890-1912 Urs Zachmann Chapter 13. Hendrik Verwoerd's Long March to Apartheid: Nationalism and Racism in South Africa Christoph Marx Chapter 14. The Right Kind of White PeopleA": Reproducing Whiteness in the United States and Australia, 1780s-1930s Gregory D. Smithers Chapter 15. Race and Indigeneity in Contemporary Australia A. Dirk Moses Notes on Contributors Selected Bibliography