Racial and Ethnic Residential Segregation Across the United States: New Approaches to Understanding Trends and Patterns (The Springer Series on Demographic Methods and Population Analysis, 54)

This open access book provides new findings on and insights into trends and patterns in residential segregation between racial and ethnic groups in the United States. It draws on new methods that make it possible to investigate segregation involving small groups and segregation patterns in nonmetropolitan communities with greater accuracy and clarity than has previously been possible. As one example, the authors are able to track residential segregation patterns across a wide selection of nonmetropolitan communities where Black, Latino, and Asian populations are small but can still potentially experience segregation. The authors also track White-Latino segregation from its inception when Latino households first arrived in non-negligible numbers in new destination communities and then document how segregation changes over time as the Latino population grows over time to become larger and more established. Finally, this work shows how segregation of Latino and Asian households is fundamentally different from that of Black households based on the much greater role that cultural and socioeconomic characteristics play in shaping White-Latino and White-Asian segregation in comparison to White-Black segregation. Preface Abstract Contents Chapter 1: Introduction 1.1 Overview 1.2 Brief Note on Measurement and Implications for Future Research 1.3 The Continuing Relevance of Residential Segregation 1.4 Theories of Segregation 1.5 Segregation as a Multilevel Process 1.6 Chapter Overview 1.7 Final Thoughts: Why This Book Now? References Chapter 2: Measurement and Study Design 2.1 Overview 2.2 What Is Residential Segregation and What Motivates Us to Study It? 2.3 Preliminary Comments on Index Choice 2.4 Details of Study Design 2.4.1 Measuring Segregation in Metropolitan Areas, Micropolitan Areas, and Noncore Counties 2.4.2 Coverage Spanning Three Decades 2.4.3 Group Comparisons 2.4.4 Combinations of Group Comparisons Across Communities and Time 2.4.5 Sources of Data and Microunits 2.4.6 Spatial Units for Assessing Segregation Within Communities 2.5 Segregation Index Bias: Overview, Background, and Solutions 2.5.1 A Somewhat Technical Review of the Origins of Index Bias 2.5.2 The Simple Refinement to Index Calculations that Yields Unbiased Index Scores 2.6 Households as the Microunits for Measuring Segregation 2.6.1 Methodological Implications of Using Data for Households Versus Using Data for Persons 2.6.2 Difficulty of Correcting Index Bias When Using Data for Persons 2.7 Contrasting the Dissimilarity Index and the Separation Index for Measuring Segregation 2.7.1 Segregation as Stratification and the Resonance of the Separation Index 2.7.2 Making Sense of D-S Combinations 2.7.3 Examining Empirical Examples of Selected D-S Combinations 2.7.4 Dissimilarity, Separation, and Isolation Indices 2.7.5 Further Comments to Guide Interpretations of Values for Dissimilarity and Separation Indices 2.8 Summary and Overview References Chapter 3: National Trends in Racial and Ethnic Residential Segregation 3.1 Overview 3.2 Previously Observed Trends in White-Black, White-Latino, and White-Asian Segregation 3.3 The Historical Context of Segregation 3.4 Data 3.5 Measurement 3.6 Trends and Patterns of Racial and Ethnic Residential Segregation, 1990-2010 3.6.1 White-Black Segregation 3.6.2 White-Latino Segregation 3.6.3 White-Asian Segregation 3.6.4 Segregation Between Minoritized Racial Groups 3.6.5 Where Is Segregation Rising? Where Is It Declining? 3.7 Community-Level Analysis of Segregation Patterns 3.7.1 Aggregate-Level Predictors Not Considered 3.8 Consequences of Index Choice for Understanding Trends in Segregation 3.9 Summary References Chapter 4: Racial and Ethnic Residential Segregation in Nonmetropolitan Communities 4.1 Overview 4.2 Challenges for Nonmetropolitan Residential Segregation Research 4.3 Segregation in Nonmetropolitan Communities: What We Know, and What We Question 4.4 The Choice of Segregation Index for Nonmetropolitan Segregation Research 4.5 Debates Over Meaningfulness of Residential Segregation in Nonmetropolitan Communities 4.6 Data 4.7 Measurement and Approach 4.7.1 Summary of Methodological Approach 4.8 Changing Demographics of Nonmetropolitan Communities 4.9 Overall Trends in Nonmetropolitan Residential Segregation 4.10 Diverging Measures of Segregation and Patterns of Uneven Distribution 4.11 Case Studies: Areas with Dispersed Unevenness Versus Prototypical Segregation 4.12 Summary References Chapter 5: Latino and Asian Segregation in New Destinations 5.1 Overview 5.2 New Destinations: An Overview of Changes and Potential Trajectories 5.3 Residential Segregation Studies of New Destinations: Findings and Limitations 5.4 Data and Measurement 5.5 Residential Segregation in Latino New Destinations and Established Areas of Settlement 5.6 Residential Segregation in Asian New Destinations and Established Areas of Settlement 5.7 Residential Segregation in Black New Destinations and Established Areas of Settlement 5.8 Understanding Segregation Patterns Across New Destinations and Established Areas of Settlement 5.9 Differences in Segregation Measurement When Studying New Destinations 5.9.1 Myth or Fact: Low Minoritized Group Size Necessarily Leads to Low Values for the Separation Index 5.10 Findings for Dispersed and Polarized Unevenness in New Destinations 5.11 Highlighting Measurement Issues: The Case of Worthington, Minnesota 5.12 Summary References Chapter 6: The Micro-Level Dynamics of Racial and Ethnic Residential Segregation 6.1 Overview 6.2 Review of Theoretical Frameworks 6.3 Framing Cross-context Segregation Patterns 6.4 Previous Research in Locational Attainments Analysis and Segregation 6.5 Data 6.6 Sample 6.7 Analysis Design 6.8 Profile Standardization 6.8.1 Locational Attainment Analysis of Segregation 6.9 Standardization and Decomposition Analysis 6.10 Locational Attainments Across High- and Low-Segregation Contexts 6.11 Estimating Segregation by Socioeconomic Status with Standardization Analysis 6.12 Summary References Chapter 7: Conclusions 7.1 Summary of Purpose and Intended Contributions 7.2 Establishing Continuity with Past Research 7.3 Empirical Developments from the Present Work 7.4 Methodological Developments 7.5 Future Directions for Residential Segregation Research References