Race: The History of an Idea in the West (Woodrow Wilson Center Press)

In Race, The History Of An Idea In The West, Ivan Hannaford Guides Readers Through A Dangerous Engagement With An Idea That So Permeates Western That We Expect To Find It, Active Or Dormant, As An Organizing Principle In All Societies. But, Hannaford Shows, Race Is Not A Universal Idea - Not Even And The West. It Is An Idea Were A Definite Pedigree, And Hannaford Traces That Confused Pedigree From Hesiod To The Holocaust And Beyond. Hannaford Begins By Examining The Ideas Of Race Supposedly Health In The Ancient World, Contrasting Them With The Complex Social, Philosophy, Political, And Scientific Ideas Actually Held At The Time. Through The Medieval, Renaissance, And Early Modern Periods, He Critically Examines Precursors And History, Science, And Philosophy. Hannaford Distinguishes Those Cultures' Ideas Of Social Inclusion, Rank, And Role From Modern Ones Based On Race. But He Also Finds The First Traces Of Modern Ideas Of Race And The Protoscences Of Late Medieval Cabalism And Hermeticism. Following That Trail Forward, He Describes The Establishment Of Modern Scientific And Philosophical Notions Of Race In The Nineteenth And Twentieth Centuries And Shows How Those Notions Became Popular And Pervasive, Even Among Those Who Claim To Be Nonracist. At A Time When New Controversies Have Again Raised The Question Of Whether Race And Social Destiny Are Ineluctably Joined As Partners, Race: The History Of An Idea In The West Reveals That One Of The Partners Is A Phantom - Medieval Astrology And Physiognomy Disguised By Pseudoscientific Thought. And Race Raises A Difficult Practical Question: What Price Do We Place On Our Political Traditions, Institutions, And Civic Arrangements? This Ambitious Volume Reexamines Old Questions In New Ways That Will Stimulate A Wide Readership.--jacket. Western History And Thought Before Race -- In The Beginning -- The Ancient World -- Transitions From Greece To Rome -- Jews, Christians, Moors, And Barbarians -- Monsters And The Occult -- New Methods, New Worlds, And The Search For Origins -- The Racialization Of The West -- The First Stage In The Development Of An Idea Of Race, 1684-1815 -- The Search For Historical And Biological Origins, 1815-1870 -- The Rise Of The Race-state And The Invention Of Antisemitism, 1870-1900 -- Race Is All, 1890-1939 -- Reactions, Retractions, And New Orthodoxies, 1920 To The Present. Ivan Hannaford ; [foreword By Bernard Crick]. Includes Bibliographical References (p. 403-418) And Index. In The History of an Idea in the West Ivan Hannaford guides readers through a dangerous engagement with an idea that so permeates Western thinking that we expect to find it, active or dormant, as an organizing principle in all societies. But, Hannaford shows, race is not a universal ideanot even in the West. It is an idea with a definite pedigree, and Hannaford traces that confused pedigree from Hesiod to the Holocaust and beyond. Hannaford begins by examining the ideas of race supposedly held in the ancient world, contrasting them with the complex social, philosophical, political, and scientific ideas actually held at the time. Through the medieval, Renaissance, and early modern periods he critically examines precursors in history, science, and philosophy. Hannaford distinguishes those cultures' ideas of social inclusion, rank, and role from modern ones based on race. But he also finds the first traces of the modern ideas of race in the proto-sciences of late medieval cabalism and hermeticism. Following that trail forward, he describes the establishment of the modern scientific and philosophical notions of race in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries and shows how those notions became popular and pervasive, even among those who claim to be nonracist. At the same time, Hannaford sets out an alternative to a race-based notion of humanity. In his examination of ancient Greece, he finds in what was then a dazzling new idea, politics, a theory of how to bring a purposeful oneness to a society composed of diverse families, tribes, and interests. This idea of politics has a history, too, and its presence has waxed and waned through the ages. At a time when new controversies have again raised the question of whether race and social destiny are ineluctably joined as partners, The History of an Idea in the West reveals that one of the partners is a phantommedieval astrology and physiognomy disguised by pseudoscientific thought. And Race raises a difficult practical What price do we place on our political traditions, institutions, and civic arrangements? This ambitious volume reexamines old questions in new ways that will stimulate a wide readership. In 'Race: The History of an Idea in the West', Ivan Hannaford guides readers through a dangerous engagement with an idea that so permeates Western thinking that we expect to find it, active or dormant, as an organizing principle in all societies. There is an idea abroad, accepted as much by cloistered intellectuals as by ordinary people going about their daily business, that everybody knows what race is.