فاز مکانیک کوانتومی و اپراتور زمان

The phase operator for an oscillator is shown not to exist. It is replaced by a pair of non-commuting sin and cos operators which can be used to define uncertainty relations for phase and number. The relation between phase and angle operators is carefully discussed. The possibility of using a phase variable as a quantum clock is demonstrated and the states for which the clock is most accurate are constructed.