Quantum information processing : from theory to experiment ; [proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study Institute on Quantum Computation and Quantum Information, Chania, Crete, Greece, 2-13 May 2005

The Antikythera mechanism was probably the world’s first ‘analog computer’ — a sophisticated device for calculating the motions of stars and planets. This remarkable assembly of more than 30 gears with a differential mechanism, made on Rhodes or Cos in the first century B.C., revised the view of what the ancient Greeks were capable of creating at that time. A comparable level of engineering didn’t become widespread until the industrial revolution nearly two millennia later. This collection of papers provides a good overview of the current state-of-the-art of quantum information science. We do not know how a quantum Antikythera will look like but all we know is that the best way to predict the future is to create it. From the perspective of the future, it may well be that the real computer age has not yet even begun. Title page......Page 1 Introduction......Page 5 Contents......Page 7 Quantum Communication and Entanglement......Page 11 Quantum Entanglement: Detection Methods and Usefulness as a Physical Resource......Page 13 On Quantum Cryptography with Bipartite Bound Entangled States......Page 29 Unitary Local Permutations on Bell Diagonal States of Qudits and Quantum Distillation Protocols......Page 40 Quantum Communication Channels in Infinite Dimensions......Page 51 Introduction to Relativistic Quantum Information......Page 71 Generalized Bell Inequalities and the Entanglement of Pure States......Page 93 Thermal Entanglement in Infinite Dimensional Systems......Page 99 Improved Algorithm for Quantum Separability and Entanglement Detection......Page 103 Generalised Entanglement Swapping......Page 109 Quantum Information Processing with Low-Dimensional Systems......Page 113 Local Information and Nonorthogonal States......Page 119 Optimal Alphabets for Noise-Resistant Quantum Cryptography......Page 123 Quantum Algorithms and Error Correction......Page 129 Quantum Algorithms and Complexity......Page 131 An Introduction to Measurement Based Quantum Computation......Page 147 Quantum Error Correction and Fault-Tolerance......Page 169 Simulating Fourier Transforms for Open Quantum Systems in Higher Encoding Bases......Page 180 Entanglement, Area Law and Group Theory......Page 185 A Quantum Algorithm for Closest Pattern Matching......Page 190 Classical and Quantum Fingerprinting in the One-Way Communication Model......Page 194 Quantum Information Theory in Spin Systems......Page 199 Introduction to Localizable Entanglement......Page 201 State Transfer in Permanently Coupled Quantum Chains......Page 228 Geometric Effects in Spin Chains......Page 248 Quantum Walks and Decoherence on a 1+1 Lattice......Page 252 Certain Aspects of Quantum Random Walk Asymptotics......Page 256 Implementations of Quantum Information Processing......Page 263 From Entanglement to Quantum Key Distribution......Page 265 Preparation and Measurement of Qutrits Based on Single-Mode Biphotons......Page 291 Cavity Quantum Electrodynamics: Quantum Entanglement and Information......Page 304 Possibility of Quantum Computation by Utilizing Carbon Nanotubes - Cooper Pair Splitting by Tomonaga-Luttinger Liquid -......Page 322 Implementing Quantum Processors in the Solid State......Page 331 Quantum Field Trajectories Under Photon Number QND Measurement......Page 336 Quantum Computation Beyond the "Standard Circuit Model"......Page 340 Entangled Light from Optical Time Boundaries......Page 347 Strong Light-Matter Coupling: Parametric Interactions in a Cavity and Free-Space......Page 351 Macroscopic Quantum Information Channel Via the Polarization-Sensitive Interaction Between the Light and Spin Subsystems......Page 356 From Network Complexity to Time Complexity Via Optimal Control......Page 363 Author Index......Page 369 The knowledge that nature can be coherently controlled and manipulated at the quantum level was perceived as both a powerful stimulus and one of the greatest challenges facing experimental physics. Fortunately the exploration of quantum technology has many staging posts along the way, each of which will yield scientifically and technologically useful results and some of them are described in this volume.